Esta pesquisa apresenta um amplo programa experimental de ligações viga mista-pilar com cantoneiras de alma e assento, incluindo protótipos isolados e ligações inseridas num pavimento tipo constituído de laje pré-moldada com vigotas e lajotas cerâmicas. Os objetivos do trabalho foram avaliar os efeitos da fissuração da laje no comportamento da ligação (rigidez inicial e momento resistente), o acréscimo da taxa de armadura secundária e os detalhes propostos para a ancoragem das armaduras longitudinais. Nos ensaios experimentais foram analisadas as rotações das ligações, deslocamentos e deformações nos elementos. Para o estudo teórico, tomou-se como referência o Método das Componentes do EUROCODE 3 e 4. Paralelamente, um estudo numérico para ligações mistas foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de incluir a laje de concreto, as armaduras longitudinais e transversais, além da não linearidade física e geométrica na análise por elementos finitos. De acordo com os resultados, a condição prévia de fissuração da laje mostrou-se menos relevante que a continuidade das vigas na direção do eixo de menor inércia do pilar, no que se refere à determinação da rigidez inicial e resistência das ligações mista inseridas num pavimento tipo. A metodologia de modelagem numérica foi capaz de representar de forma satisfatória os mecanismos plásticos e os estados limites últimos da ligação. / This research presents an extensive experimental study of the structural behavior of the beam-to-column composite connections with bottom and web angle, including isolated prototypes and typical floor with slab made of precast joist with lattice and bricks. The objectives were to evaluate concrete slab cracking effects in the composite connections behavior (initial stiffness and resistant moment), the secondary steel ratio increase and the proposed details for the longitudinal steel bars anchorage. In the experimental tests, it was analyzed the connection total rotation, the displacements and deformations in the connection components. The theoretical study was developed based on EURODODE 3 and 4 methodologies. Besides, a numerical study was developed with the purpose of including the concrete slab modelling, the longitudinal and transversal steel bars, and the geometrical and material non-linearity in the finite element analysis. According to the results, the beam continuity through to the column minor axis showed to be more important than the concrete slab previous cracking, for the initial stiffness and resistant moment composite connections behavior in the typical floor. The numerical models represented satisfactorily the plastic mechanism connection and the ultimate limit states.

Esta pesquisa apresenta um amplo programa experimental de ligações viga mista-pilar com cantoneiras de alma e assento, incluindo protótipos isolados e ligações inseridas num pavimento tipo constituído de laje pré-moldada com vigotas e lajotas cerâmicas. Os objetivos do trabalho foram avaliar os efeitos da fissuração da laje no comportamento da ligação (rigidez inicial e momento resistente), o acréscimo da taxa de armadura secundária e os detalhes propostos para a ancoragem das armaduras longitudinais. Nos ensaios experimentais foram analisadas as rotações das ligações, deslocamentos e deformações nos elementos. Para o estudo teórico, tomou-se como referência o Método das Componentes do EUROCODE 3 e 4. Paralelamente, um estudo numérico para ligações mistas foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de incluir a laje de concreto, as armaduras longitudinais e transversais, além da não linearidade física e geométrica na análise por elementos finitos. De acordo com os resultados, a condição prévia de fissuração da laje mostrou-se menos relevante que a continuidade das vigas na direção do eixo de menor inércia do pilar, no que se refere à determinação da rigidez inicial e resistência das ligações mista inseridas num pavimento tipo. A metodologia de modelagem numérica foi capaz de representar de forma satisfatória os mecanismos plásticos e os estados limites últimos da ligação. / This research presents an extensive experimental study of the structural behavior of the beam-to-column composite connections with bottom and web angle, including isolated prototypes and typical floor with slab made of precast joist with lattice and bricks. The objectives were to evaluate concrete slab cracking effects in the composite connections behavior (initial stiffness and resistant moment), the secondary steel ratio increase and the proposed details for the longitudinal steel bars anchorage. In the experimental tests, it was analyzed the connection total rotation, the displacements and deformations in the connection components. The theoretical study was developed based on EURODODE 3 and 4 methodologies. Besides, a numerical study was developed with the purpose of including the concrete slab modelling, the longitudinal and transversal steel bars, and the geometrical and material non-linearity in the finite element analysis. According to the results, the beam continuity through to the column minor axis showed to be more important than the concrete slab previous cracking, for the initial stiffness and resistant moment composite connections behavior in the typical floor. The numerical models represented satisfactorily the plastic mechanism connection and the ultimate limit states.

Utvecklingen av framtidens flerbostadshus ställer höga krav på en bjälklagslösnings tekniska egenskaper. Plattbärlagsbjälklaget som idag utgör det vanligaste förekommande bjälklagsvalet vid uppförandet av flerbostadshus kan ses som en lösning som kombinerar en god bärförmåga med stora möjligheter ur teknisk synpunkt. Målet med denna undersökning har varit att jämföra det traditionella plattbärlaget med en nyutvecklad bjälklagslösning baserad på produkten förspänt håldäcksbjälklag (HD/F). Jämförelsen har utgått från de aktuella kraven som enligt Boverkets byggregler (BBR) idag ställs på bjälklag och fokuserat på aspekter ur ljud, brand och fuktsynpunkt. Dessutom har jämförelsen beaktat de maximala spännvidder som respektive lösning kan dimensioneras för. Resultatet av de genomförda undersökningarna visade på att den nyutvecklade bjälklagslösningen är tillräckligt konkurrenskraftig för att i framtiden få ett större användande inom flerbostadshus. Medan plattbärlagets fördelar utmärker sig ur ljudsynpunkt möjliggör dock användandet av den nyutvecklade lösningen längre spännvidder och kortare torktider. / The development of apartment buildings puts high demands on the technical characteristics of floor systems. The lattice girder system which today represents the most commonly utilized floor system when building apartment buildings, is characterized by a good load-bearing ability along with great opportunities from a technical point of view. The aim of this analysis was to compare the traditional lattice girder system with a newly developed floor system based on hollow core slabs. The comparison is based on the current technical requirements set by Boverkets byggregler (BBR) and has its main focus on subjects related to sound, fire and moisture matters. The comparison has also accounted for the maximum spans which can be used for each solution respectively. The results of the investigation show that the newly developed floor system is competitive enough to be used in future apartment buildings. While the advantages of the lattice girder system are distinctive from a sound point of view, the utilization of the newly developed floor solution enables longer spans and shorter curing time.

This thesis aims to reduce the reinforcement areas in lattice girder elements after large amounts have been observed in several projects. Existing handbooks and materials for designing lattice girder elements have been analyzed. A revised calculation model for design that is adapted to Eurocode and the Swedish national annex EKS 11 has then been developed. The calculation model should be seen as a proposal to how lattice girder elements can be designed. A reference project has laid the basis for testing the calculation model. Simultaneously two finite element models have been established in FEM-Design and smaller calculations have been performed in WIN-Statik: Concrete Beam.  The results show that the reinforcement areas have been reduced. An effective method of designing lattice girder elements is to extract forces and moments from a finite element program. These are then inserted into the calculation model together with other required data and by making the desired adjustments. The calculation model then designs the lattice girder element. Alternatively, the lattice girder element is designed using the FEM-software whilst the lattice girder is designed using the calculation model. Numerous methods of finding the design-moments have been studied. The results show that it is not satisfactory to calculate the moments with respect to a lattice girder element or a single strip. Thus, the whole slab must be taken into consideration.