The problem involved in this study was to determine the success or failure of the use of the editorial in achieving a goal, specifically, editorials by Ray P. Holland in favor of the Migratory Bird Conservation Act of 1929 and the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act of 1934. Editorials from the Bulletin of the American Game Protective Association and Field and Stream were classified into categories to show an editorial position over a selected time period. Material from the permanent collection of the Holland library at Wesleyan University and family information was used to record a biography of Holland's achievements. The study shows that Holland's contributions in journalism will stand as a benchmark to ensuing generations of journalists who seek to realize their goals through the proper use of the editorial.

Thesis (LLM. (Labour Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / This research is a comparative study of affirmative action measures in South Africa and the United States of America. It examines affirmative action measures as a whole. It looks at the reasons for affirmative action; the legal standing of affirmative action; the present day application of affirmative action and the future affirmative action in South Africa The underlying purpose of this research is therefore threefold: Firstly, it provides a historical background to the needs of affirmative action measures. Secondly, it presents a detailed examination of affirmative action measures on a comparative basis and the various provisions that regulates these measures. Finally, the research examines and consider some important lessons that South Africa should bear in mind in its development of affirmative action jurisprudence and in the exercise of such programmes

Wilderness Rivers explores America's treatment of rivers in the context of the social and political climate of the 1960s. The decades following the Second World War brought about significant changes in the way Americans perceived their environment. Higher levels of affluence and education, continued urbanization, and the popularization of ecology converged to promote an environmental awakening that increased steadily throughout the decade. The conservation movement broadened to include issues of quality of life and ecological protection. Rivers emerged as a central issue in relation to outdoor recreation, pollution, and freshwater shortages. As part of the general idea of wilderness preservation that came to fruition in the Wilderness Act of 1964, river advocates forwarded proposals to establish a protective federal system of wild rivers. To this end, the federal government experimented with a variety of river protection programs before arriving at the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968 which established a nationwide system of representative river preserves. Despite strong support for the idea, the resulting system secures only marginal protection for rivers based largely on recreational considerations. The Wild and Scenic Rivers Act is most significant for providing a symbolic acknowledgement of the need to restrain further development and prevent despoilation of America's rivers. / Master of Arts

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to assess the legal and financial status of public aid for the transportation of private elementary and secondary school pupils in the United States. A combination of legal and survey research methodology was used to approach the study in three phases. A survey was sent to all states to identify those which were providing publicly-funded transportation to nonpublic school pupils through November, 1982. Upon completion of this initial survey all reported state and federal court cases relating to the public financing of private school transportation were then researched, including the landmark Everson case of 1947. Through a second survey financial data for the 1981-82 school year were collected and analyzed for those states identified as providers of private school transportation aid. The study showed that thirty states were providing transportation services to nonpublic pupils in 1982, with twenty-one of these states mandating such transportation by local school districts. The extent of publicly-funded transportation offered to private school pupils in the provider states was found in general to be at least comparable to or possibly even more extensive than that provided at public expense to public school pupils. The study also indicated that, excluding the Everson decision by the Supreme Court in 1947, the issue of nonpublic pupil transportation provision has been decided almost wholly on a state constitutional basis of church and state separation requirements. The exception to this has been the involvement of the federal courts in the 1970’s in deciding the constitutionality of outside-district transportation provided by public funds for nonpublic pupils. In regard to the financial analysis the ten provider states with complete fiscal data reported that $148.6 million was spent to provide nonpublic pupil transportation services. Another $25.5 million was estimated for private school transportation costs in five additional provider states with partial data. While the remaining fifteen provider states authorized private school transportation, a documentation of costs was not reported to the study and it is possible that recorded financial data may not exist to differentiate public and private school pupil transportation costs in these states. / Ph. D.

The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, P.L. 94, 142, resulted in many benefits accruing to learners with handicaps and their families. However, there were disputes between and among people from various sectors of the educational community regarding the implementation of the Act. In the past the local teacher union bargaining process has been used as a means through which some disputes may be rectified. Authors have suggested that disputes regarding the delivery of services to learners with handicaps might be resolved through teacher unions’ collective bargaining. The primary purpose of this study was to identify existing special education related language in “Pre” and "Post" P.L. 94-142 teacher union contracts. The secondary purpose was to examine the perceived needs of educational professionals for the development of formal school board policies and procedures on selected special education service delivery issues. Three data collection procedures were developed. Data were analyzed, in part, by descriptive statistics. Analyses of quantitative and qualitative data obtained from three sources revealed the following three major findings: The majority of "Pre" and "Post" P.L. 94-142 teacher union contracts contained virtually no specific special education related language. Second, all teachers’ perceptions surveyed indicated that the majority of educators perceived the need for selected special education policies as either “highly valuable" or “essential” regardless of teaching assignment (special or regular education) or employment site (urban or rural). Third, teachers consistently perceived a greater degree of need for local school boards to develop selected formal special education and service delivery policies and procedures then did special education program administrators. Recommendations for further research included a series of national surveys of unionized educational professionals to determine if these individuals can provide 1) an explanation for the inconsistency identified here between practitioners perceived need for selected special education policies and procedures and the virtual absence of any special education related contractual language in the contracts analyzed in this study; 2) what specific effect, if any, the implementation of the Regular Education Initiative (REI) has had in unionized school districts; and 3) if there is any linkage between membership on the pre-bargaining and bargaining committees and the final content of the negotiated teacher union contract. / Ed. D.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act made audit committees directly responsible for the appointment, compensation, and supervision of companies' auditors. Limited research in the auditor selection process and PCAOB inspections suggest that managers, not audit committees, may still be selecting the auditors, and that inspection reports are not useful. This study addresses both of these areas. This paper considers two theories of governance, Agency Theory and Institution Theory, to analyze the audit committee members' auditor selection process. The study examines whether Audit Committee Members use two specific types of audit quality indicators, other than managers' recommendation, in evaluating auditors. In a setting where the manager recommends the auditor, the auditors' inspection results (favorable/unfavorable) and a prior manager/auditor affiliation (absent/present) are manipulated in a between-subject research design, using financially literate professionals as a proxy for audit committee members. The study finds that audit quality perception and auditor selection are jointly determined. Inspection results are positively associated with audit quality perception and auditor selection. The nature of a manager-auditor affiliation is directly associated with audit quality perception and inversely related to auditor selection. Further, controlling for perception, audit committee members are more likely to recommend auditors with unfavorable inspection results, if a prior affiliation with management is present than if an affiliation is absent. Overall, the results indicate that audit committee members are diligent in evaluating auditors, and PCAOB inspection results are useful. The results of this study contribute to the audit committee effectiveness and PCAOB literature. / by Veena Looknanan-Brown. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-Florida Atlantic University, 2011. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2011. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

The problem of this study was to determine if there are differences in the perceptions of elementary principals and special education administrators across selected variables toward their expected and actual, role responsibilities in implementing specific provisions of P.L. 94-142. Data were collected from elementary principals and special education administrators in Texas. As a measure of perceptions, the Special Education Responsibilities Questionnaire (SERQ) was completed by all elementary principals as it applied to their schools, and special education administrators as applied to their school districts. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test of independence, t-test for correlated samples, and one-way analysis of variance.

This thesis examines the effects of the change from strict scrutiny to the undue burden standard in Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992). A history of abortion in the United States and the various ways in which government regulates it is explored. Particular attention is focused on the role of the federal judiciary in abortion regulation. Theories of judicial decision making are discussed as means to understand the outcome of cases. Several models are tested to determine which, if any, model explains judicial decision making. The effect of the change in standard, as well as an alternate precedent, are examined.

The purpose of this study was to obtain perceptions of child welfare and substance abuse professionals about the Adoptions and Safe Families Act (ASFA) of 1997.