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Picketing in terms of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995Leysath, Lindon Clifford 11 1900 (has links)
Picketing, a method used by employees, collectively, to assert their demands against
employers, is a controversial subject arising from the conflict of interest existing between
labour and employers!
Previously, South African law neither forbade nor regulated picketing. Consequently,
no immunity from civil liability existed in relation to a person's conduct during a picket.
Presently, picketing is regulated by section 17 of the Constitution of the Republic of
South Africa Act 108of19% (right to picket) and section 69 of the Labour Relations Act
66 of 1995, which provides for a protected picket (one that complies with the
requirements of section 69) whereby immunity from civil liability attaches to a person's
conduct during a picket. These provisions and their coexistence is examined, comparing
foreign law where relevant, in an attempt to provide a foundation for a topic relatively
disregarded. Section 69 reveals elements of uncertainty and vagueness. / Law / LL.M.
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A critical evaluation of the introduction of workplace forums to South Africa against the background of the German system of statutory worker participation and co-determinationNeethling, Adolph Clarence 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)-- Stellenbosch University, 1998. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Labour Relations Act No 66 of 1995 reflects the efforts of government. business and
labour at restoring an environment conducive to workplace harmony. productivity, and
minimal work disruptions.
This statute. and in particular its reference to workplace forums, provides the basis for this
study project, which critically evaluates the establishment of workplace forums and whether
these forums will be adopted by business and in particular, labour.
Theories relating to worker participation are examined. This paper recalls worker
participation and co-determination models as found in Germany. It identifies the
establishment and reviews the functioning of these worker participation models.
The Labour Relations Act relating to workplace forums IS discussed In detail. It IS
compared with the German system of participation.
The writer concludes that the German system differs materially from the South African
system on key points. The distinct differences that emerge between Germany and South
Africa in the structuring of worker participation highlight the impact of social, political and
economic factors on the eventual introduction of worker participation at the workplace.
Likewise, the background and factors leading to the introduction of workplace forums
differ. The German industrial relations system is more developed. Workplace forums are
characteristic of a developed country such as Germany. In a developing country such as
South Africa, trade unions still play a dominant role in the workplace. Here the
establishment of a workplace forum is subject to the power of the union. Accordingly it is
unlikely that workplace forums will enjoy much support or success in terms of the present
Labour Relations Act.
The writer examines the attitudes of capital and labour towards the establishment of
workplace forums. and suggests reasons why it is unlikely that trade unions would apply for
the establishment of workplace forums. He continues to explain why, in its present format,
the concept of 'workplace forums is unacceptable to organised labour and has no chance of
being implemented. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie werkstuk handel oor die Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge, wet 66 van 1995 en veral
oor die instelling van werkplekforums.
Teorie rondom die beginsel van werker deelname word bespreek. Daar word ondersoek
ingestel oor hoe hierdie konsep in Duitsland onstaan het en hoe dit daar toegepas word.
Die Suid Afrikaanse proses en onwikkeling van werker deelname in geheel asook deelname
in besluitneming word besoek om te kyk of die bepalinge van die nuwe apartheidswet
aanvaarbaar vir die plaaslike arbeidsmag is.
Die bepalinge van die arbeidswet asook die grondwet aangaande werkpleksforums word in
detail bespreek. Dit word gekontrasteer met die Duitse stelsel van deelname. So word daar
ook gekyk na die rol van vakbonde in die verhand.
Die skywer kom tot die slotsom dat die Duite stelsel op belangrike aspekte van die Suid-Afrikaanse
model verskil. So ook verskil die agtergrond en omstandighede wat aanleiding
gee tot die instelling van werkpleksforums. Die nywerheidsverhouding stelsel is meer
gevordered in Duitsland. Werkpleksforums is 'n kenmerk van 'n onwikkelde land soos
Duitsland. In 'n ontwikkelende land soos Suid Afrika speel die vakbonde nog 'n
prominente rol in alle aspekte van die werkplek, dus is werkpleksforums onderworpe aan
die mag van vakbonde en is dit onwaarskynlik dat werksplekforums ingevolge die nuwe
aarbeidswet veeI steun of sukses sal geniet. / Centre for Science Development (HSRC)
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Prosecuting sexual abuse of children : enhancement of victims rights vs protection of constitutional fair trial rightsFourie, Melanie 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In 2002 the South African Law Commission published a report in which amendments
to the existing rules of criminal procedure and evidence were proposed. A number of
these recommendations have since been included in a Bill that was tabled before
Parliament in 2003. The proposed amendments largely reflect values which underlie
the "Victims' Rights" movement. The aim of this thesis is to consider the possible
influence of these amendments on the constitutionally guaranteed fair trial rights of
the accused. The study focuses on those amendments that play a role in the
prosecution of alleged sexual offences against children, and shows that although the
recognition of victims' rights is important, it should not be done at the expense of a
fair trial. Dangers inherent to the proposed amendments are therefore highlighted. The
rights of the accused are used to test the desirability or not of the proposed
amendments. Foreign authority is used to support the argument made in the thesis. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In 2002 het die Suid-Afrikaanse Regskommissie 'n verslag gepubliseer waann
veranderings aan die huidige strafprosesreg- en bewysregreëls voorgestel word. 'n
Aantal van hierdie voorgestelde wysigings is intussen opgeneem in 'n Wetsontwerp
wat in Augustus 2003 voor die Parlement gedien het. Die voorgestelde wysigings
reflekteer tot 'n groot mate waardes wat die "Victims' rights" beweging onderlê. Die
doel van hierdie tesis is om die moontlike invloed van hierdie wysigings op die
grondwetlik verskanste billike verhoor regte van die beskuldigde te ondersoek. Die
ondersoek fokus op daardie veranderinge wat 'n rol speel in die vervolging van
beweerde geslagsmisdade teen kinders. Daar word aangetoon dat alhoewel die
erkenning van regte vir slagoffers belangrik is, dit nie ten koste van 'n regverdige
verhoor gedoen kan word nie. Gevare verbonde aan die voorgestelde wysigings word
dus uitgewys. Die regte van die beskuldigde word deurgaans gebruik om die
wenslikheid al dan nie van die voorgestelde wysigings aan te toon. Buitelandse gesag
word aangewend om die betoog te ondersteun.
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The interpretation and effect of section 197 of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995Jones, Jonathan 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (LLM)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Section 197 of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 ensures the transfer of a contract of
employment from an old employer to a new employer on the transfer of a business as a
gomg concern.
Although section 197 is mostly based on European and British statutes and regulations,
one should not rely on foreign provisions when interpreting section 197 without careful
consideration. It is only when we understand the inherent limitations of applying these
provisions, that they can be of any help to formulate definitions for the terms "transfer",
"business" and "going concern".
The two most important effects that section 197 has, is that it ensures the transfer of the
contract of employment and that it protects the terms and conditions of employment
when such a transfer takes place. Unfortunately, this section does not regulate
dismissal on the transfer of a business. Section 197 also does not deal satisfactorily
with the transfer of contracts of employment on the transfer of an insolvent business.
As a result of the above-mentioned and other shortcomings of the current section 197, it
was decided to amend the Act. The Labour Relations Amendment Bill 2000 relies
heavily on precedents from foreign law, but unfortunately it does not adequately address
all the current problems. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Artikel 197 van die Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge 66 van 1995 verseker die oordrag van
'n dienskontrak van 'n ou werkgewer na 'n nuwe werkgewer by die oordrag van 'n
besigheid as 'n lopende onderneming.
Alhoewel artikel 197 gebaseer is op Europese en Britse wetgewing en regulasies, moet
die leser versigtig wees om sulke bepalings sonder skroom aan te wend by die
interpretrasie van artikel 197. Wanneer ons die inherente beperkings daarvan begryp,
mag die bepalings van hulp wees om definisies te vorm van die begrippe "oordrag",
"besigheid" en "lopende onderneming".
Artikel 197 het hoofsaaklik twee uitwerkings: dit fasiliteer die oordrag van die
dienskontrak en verseker dat die terme en voorwaardes van indiensneming onveranderd
bly. Die artikel reguleer nie ontslag by die oordrag van 'n besigheid nie. Artikel 197
reguleer ook nie genoegsaam die oordrag van dienskontrakte waar 'n insolvente
besigheid oorgedra word nie.
As gevolg van bogenoemde en ander tekortkominge is besluit om die Wet te wysig.
Die Wysigingswetsontwerp op Arbeidverhoudinge 2000 steun op buitelandse
presedente, maar spreek ongelukkig ook nie al die huidige probleme suksesvol aan nie.
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Repealing the Subdivision of Agricultural Land Act : a constitutional analysisFrantz, Gino 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (LLM (Public Law))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / Bibliography / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: All agricultural subdivisions in the Republic of South Africa are regulated by the
Subdivision of Agricultural Land Act 70 of 1970. The declared purpose of the Act is
to prevent the creation of uneconomic farming units and this purpose is achieved
through the requirement that the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(“Minister of Agriculture”) must consent to the proposed subdivision. The Act was
promulgated in the 1970s when the South African landscape was racially divided.
The government of the time used law to provide benefits for the white minority. At
this time the rights of non-whites were restricted. This is the social and political
background of the Subdivision of Agricultural Land Act. The Act formed part of a
legislative scheme that provided benefits for white farmers. More than a decade after
democratisation and the end of apartheid the Subdivision of Agricultural Land Act is
still in operation. The post-apartheid legislature drafted and enacted the Subdivision
of Agricultural Land Act Repeal Act 64 of 1998, but it has not yet been brought into
operation. During 2003 the legislature tabled the Draft Sustainable Utilisation of
Agricultural Resources Bill which contains subdivision provisions that are identical to
the provisions contained in the Subdivision Act. These legislative actions have
created some uncertainty about the state of agricultural subdivisions. In 2008 the
Constitutional Court decided that the Act continues to apply to all agricultural
subdivisions and that this would be the position until the legislature chooses a
definitive course of action.
This constitutional analysis of the Subdivision of Agricultural Land Act examines the
effect of the Act beyond the pre-constitutional legislative intention and framework
under which it was enacted. If the Act cannot be saved from its apartheid context,
the Repeal Act should become operational. This thesis concludes that the necessary
and legitimate purpose of the Act, namely the regulation of subdivision of agricultural
land, can be removed from its pre-constitutional setting in the apartheid era and may
continue to justify the legitimate regulation of subdivision of land. Comparative
sources, namely the United States of America, specifically the states of Oregon and Hawaii, Western Australia and the province of British Columbia, Canada indicate that
the regulation of agricultural subdivisions is a valid means of protecting agricultural
land.
If the Act can continue to exist without its legacy of apartheid and still serves a
legitimate and necessary purpose it will have to be constitutionally compliant. The
purpose of the Act and the means used to realise it were tested against the Bill of
Rights. The effect that the regulation has particularly on ownership entitlements was
examined against section 25(1) of the 1996 Constitution. Similarly, the
consequences of the regulation with regard to other rights in the Bill of Rights were
investigated. The conclusion was that where the Subdivision of Agricultural Land Act
is used for its purpose of preventing the uneconomic subdivision of agricultural land,
in the national interest, it is a legitimate land-use regulation that can continue to
justifiably operate in a constitutional dispensation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Alle onderverdelings van landbougrond in die Republiek van Suid-Afrika word
gereguleer deur die Wet op die Onderverdeling van Landbougrond 70 van 1970. Die
verklaarde doel van die Wet is om die totstandkoming van onekonomiese landboueenhede
te voorkom, en hierdie doel word bereik deurdat die Minister van Landbou,
Bosbou en Visserye (“Minister van Landbou”) toestemming moet verleen vir die
voorgestelde onderverdeling van landbougrond. Die Wet is in die 1970s
gepromulgeer toe grond in Suid-Afrika in terme van ras verdeel was. Die destydse
apartheidsregering het die regstelsel gebruik om voordele vir die blanke
minderheidsgroep te bewerkstellig, terwyl die regte van nie-blankes ingeperk was.
Dit is die sosiale en politieke agtergrond waarteen die Wet op die Onderverdeling
van Landbougrond tot stand gekom het. Die Wet was deel van ‘n wetgewende
raamwerk waarbinne voordele vir blanke boere geskep is. Meer as ‘n dekade na
apartheid en die totstandkoming van ‘n demokratiese Suid-Afrika is die Wet op die
Onderverdeling van Landbougrond steeds in werking. Die post-apartheid wetgewer
het die Wet op die Herroepping van die Wet op die Onderverdeling van
Landbougrond 64 van 1998 gepromulgeer, maar nog nie in werking gestel nie.
Gedurende 2003 het die wetgewer die “Draft Sustainable Utilisation of Agricultural
Resources Bill”, wat onderafdelings soortgelyk aan die bepalings in die Wet op die
Onderverdeling van Landbougrond bevat, gepromulgeer. Bogenoemde stappe het
onsekerheid geskep ten opsigte van die stand van onderverdeling van
landbougrond. In 2008 het die Konstitusionele Hof beslis dat die Wet op die
Onderverdeling van Landbougrond sal voortgaan om die onderverdeling van
landbougrond te reguleer totdat die wetgewer uitsluitsel oor die aangeleentheid
verskaf.
Die doel van die tesis is om die uitwerking van die Wet op die Onderverdeling van
Landbougrond te analiseer as deel van die huidige grondwetlike bedeling, aangesien
dit geskep is tydens die apartheidsera. Indien die Wet nie van sy apartheidskonteks
geskei of gered kan word nie sal die Herroepping Wet in werking gestel moet word. Die tesis kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat die doel van die Wet, naamlik die regulering
van die onderverdeling van landbougrond, van die voor-konstitusionele agtergrond in
die apartheidsera geskei kan word en dat dit kan voortgaan om die wettige
regulering van onderverdeling van landbougrond te regverdig. Regsvergelykende
bronne, naamlik die Verenigde State van Amerika, veral die state van Oregon en
Hawaii, Wes Australië en Brits-Columbië, ‘n provinsie van Kanada, dui aan dat die
regulasie van die onderverdeling van landbougrond ‘n regsgeldige metode is om
landbougrond te beskerm. Die doel van die Wet en die metodes wat gebruik word
om hierdie doel te laat realiseer is getoets teen die Handves van Menseregte. Die
uitwerking van die regulasie op die inhoudsbevoegdhede van die eienaar is spesifiek
geëvalueer teen artikel 25(1) van die 1996 Grondwet, maar die gevolge van die
regulasie is ook getoets teen ander regte in die Handves van Menseregte. Die
gevolgtrekking was dat waar die Wet op die Onderverdeling van Landbougrond
gebruik word met die doel om onekonomiese onderverdeling van landbougrond te
verhoed in die nasionale belang, dit ‘n legitieme regulasie van grondgebruik is
waarvan die gebruik steeds regverdigbaar is in ‘n grondwetlike bedeling.
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A review of the reform legislation relating to medical schemes in South Africa : 1994 to 2007Mahmood, Aklaaq Ahmed 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The democratic government of South Africa inherited a healthcare system
that was fragmented and inequitable. The Department of Health was
mandated by the Constitution and the Bill of Rights to implement a system
whereby quality, affordable healthcare could become available to all citizens
of the country within the constraints of the available resources. The
objective of government, through reform legislation, is to establish a social
health insurance (SHI) system for the country which will ultimately lead to
the implementation of a national health insurance (NHI) system in order to
achieve universal coverage. Medical schemes have been identified as an
important component of this transformation process. The private healthcare
industry, represented largely by medical schemes, acknowledges that SHI is
the ideal pathway chosen by government to achieve universal coverage, but
is concerned with the process being used to achieve this aim, the pace at
which transformation is occurring, and the effect of this on medical schemes.
The movement towards an equitable healthcare system required the
introduction of reform legislation necessary for the establishment of an
enabling environment. The implementation of community rating, open
enrolment and prescribed minimum benefits (PMBs) reforms, succeeded in
ending the risk-rating of those medical schemes that were excluding
members who were considered vulnerable. However, these legislations were
not followed by a risk equalisation mechanism in the form of a proposed risk
equalisation fund (REF) for the South African environment. The main
purpose of this fund is to ensure that equity within the medical schemes
industry is maintained through the equalisation of the risks that had resulted
from the implementation of the first components of reform legislation. The
research into the experiences of other countries shows that South Africa is the only country in the world that has implemented the above legislation without a system of risk equalisation. All indications are that the proposed implementation of the REF has been delayed to beyond 2009. In addition,
the reform legislation regarding the statutory solvency ratio requires medical schemes to maintain this ratio at 25 percent. This, together with the delay in REF is placing financial pressure on medical schemes. Low income medical
schemes (LIMS) legislation is pending implementation. Its purpose is to
provide basic medical cover to the lower income market until such time that
the components of SHI have been fully negotiated; it is thus an interim measure, but no indication to implement LIMS has yet been given.
The average number of years for a country to implement SHI is 70. The
South African situation is only 13 years old and though some success has
been achieved during this relatively short period, much more still needs to
be accomplished. The research shows that, the approximate timelines and
intended sequence of implementing the reform legislation were perhaps too
ambitious. This has caused the industry stakeholders to be disillusioned
about the current state of affairs. Given the time that has elapsed, and
considering the progress that has been made thus far, it is recommended
that the existing plan be revised or even replaced with a more realistically
timed one. This will restore some of the confidence into the “future
healthcare vision of universal coverage” for South Africa intended by the
government, through a system of social health insurance. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die demokratiese regering van Suid-Afrika het ‘n gesondheidsorgstelsel
geërf wat gefragmenteerd en onregverdig was. Die Departement van Gesondheid het in die Grondwet en die Handves van Menseregte die
mandaat gekry om ‘n stelsel te implementeer waarvolgens bekostigbare
gesondheidsorg van goeie gehalte vir alle landsburgers beskikbaar kon word
binne die beperkinge van die beskikbare hulpbronne. Die regering se
doelwit met hervormingswetgewing is om ‘n maatskaplike gesondheidsversekeringstelsel (SHI) vir die land daar te stel wat uiteindelik
sal lei tot die implementering van ‘n nasionale gesondheidstelsel (NHI) met die oog op universele dekking. Mediese skemas is geïdentifiseer as ‘n
sleutelkomponent van hierdie transformasieproses. Die privategesondheidsorgindustrie, wat grotendeels deur mediese skemas verteenwoordig word, erken dat SHI die ideale weg is wat deur die regering gekies is om universele dekking te bereik, maar is besorg oor die proses wat
gebruik word om hierdie doelwit te bereik, die pas waarteen transformasie geskied, en die uitwerking hiervan op mediese skemas.
Die beweging na ‘n regverdige gesondheidsorgstelstel het vereis dat
hervormingsgswetgewing ingestel word soos nodig vir die daarstelling van ‘n
omgewing wat dit moontlik maak. Die implementering van gemeenskapsevaluering, oop lidmaatskap en hervorming van voorgeskrewe
minimum voordele (PMB’s) was suksesvol vir die beëindiging van die risikoevaluering
van daardie skemas wat lede uitgesluit het wat as kwesbaar beskou is. Maar hierdie wetgewing is nie opgevolg deur ‘n risikogelykstellingsmeganisme in die vorm van ‘n voorgestelde
risikogelykstellingsfonds (REF) vir die Suid-Afrikaanse omgewing nie. Die
hoofdoelwit van hierdie fonds is om te verseker dat gelykheid binne die mediesefondsindustrie gehandhaaf word deur die gelykstelling van risiko’s wat die gevolg was van die implementering van die aanvanklike
hervormingswetgewing. Navorsing oor die ondervinding in ander lande toon dat Suid-Afrika die enigste land in die wêreld is wat sodanige wetgewing geïmplementeer het sonder ‘n stelsel van risikogelykstelling. Alle tekens dui
daarop dat die voorgestelde implementering van die REF uitgestel is tot na 2009. Daarbenewens vereis die hervormingswetgewing ten opsigte van die statutêre solvensieverhouding dat mediese skemas hierdie verhouding op 25% handhaaf. Tesame met die vertraging in REF plaas dit finansiële druk op mediese skemas. Lae-inkomstemedieseskemas (LIMS) is verdere hervormingswetgewing wat wag op implementering. Die doel daarvan is om
basiese mediese dekking te voorsien aan die laer-inkomstemark totdat die komponente van SHI ten volle onderhandel is. Dit is dus ‘n
oorgangsmaatreël, maar daar is nog geen aanduiding gegee van die implementering van LIMS nie.
Die gemiddelde tyd wat dit neem vir ‘n land om SHI te implementeer, is 70
jaar. Die Suid-Afrikaanse situasie is net 13 jaar oud, en hoewel daar heelwat
sukses behaal is in hierdie relatief kort tydperk, moet daar nog baie meer
bereik word. Navorsing toon dat die geskatte tydperk en voorgenome opeenvolging van die implementering van die hervormingswetgewing dalk te ambisieus was. Dit het veroorsaak dat die belanghebbers in die industrie
ontnugter is oor die huidige stand van sake. Met inagneming van die tyd wat verloop het en die vordering wat tot dusver gemaak is, word daar aanbeveel dat die bestaande plan hersien word of selfs vervang word deur een met ‘n meer realistiese tydsbeperking. Dit sal ‘n mate van vertroue herstel in die Suid-Afrikaanse Regering se “toekomsvisie van universele
gesondheidsdekking” deur ‘n stelsel van maatskaplike
gesondheidsversekering.
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HIV in the workplace: a critical investigation into the present legislative protection afforded to the HIV positive employee.Poggenpoel, Jerome Mark January 2006 (has links)
<p>This thesis examined to what extent the current legislation protects the HIV positive employee against unfair discrimination and dismissal. The study gave short medical background to HIV/AIDS and introduced HIV discrimination by giving the historical background to HIV related discrimination. From this, the extent of stigmatization against this group was introduced.</p>
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HR employees' perceptions regarding the changes in section 198B of the Labour Relations ActLedwaba, Melton 26 October 2018 (has links)
South Africa’s labour legislation has recently undergone momentous changes, in
particular, the changes relating to section 198B of the Labour Relations Act (LRA) 66 of
1995. These amendments have proven to be more contentious than any other changes
implemented by government in past years. The purpose of this study is to examine and
outline the specific implications that the amendments to legislation regarding fixed-term
contracts have on a pension and provident fund company in Gauteng, South Africa. This
research will therefore highlight the implications (positive and negative) concerning the
changes to section 198B on a pension and provident fund organisation in Gauteng, South
Africa.
The qualitative investigatory study was conducted with six employees of a pension and
provident fund company which makes use of fixed term contract employees, until data
saturation was reached. The data was collected by means of individual in depth
interviews. The results of the study clearly indicate that the changes to section 198B will
have both negative and positive implications. Some of the negative implications are that
organisation have had to incur increased employment costs as a result of having to
provide equal benefits and conditions of employment to all fixed term contract employees.
Organisations now have to review the necessity of deploying fixed term contracts and
where required to do away with such contracts. The implication here is that, the
employment flexibility which organisations previously had has now been removed.
Some of the positive implications are that, a few employees who had been on fixed term
contracts were employed on a permanent basis after the changes came into effect.
Employees experienced greater job security and were offered much needed benefits such
as medical aid, pension and disability benefits. Permanent and fixed term contract
employees are now treated equally. Part-time employees have better job security and the
enhanced ability to enforce statutory rights in terms of equal treatment in employment by
evoking enforcement mechanisms such as the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation
and Arbitration (CCMA), labour courts and bargaining councils with jurisdiction to arbitrate
matters. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)
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Unionising library and information staff in the tertiary sector : a feasibility study.Raju, Rajandren. January 2005 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of unionising the employees of the LIS sector in South Africa in the context of the new South African labour dispensation. The study examined the factors that have been identified as having an influence on the growth of trade
unionism. The review of the literature revealed that the factors that have influenced unionism were, inter alia, collective bargaining, legislation and employee concentration. The unionism versus professionalism debate also influenced the growth of trade unionism. The factors that were identified as influencing the growth of white collar unionism, at the national and international level, were applied to LIS sector employees to determine their influence on the growth of unionism in this sector. The findings from the survey of employees confirm the findings in the literature with regard to the factors that have influenced trade unionism. While trade unionism has continued to grow and fulfils the industrial needs of the LIS employees
in South Africa, professional associations here fulfilled the professional needs of those employed in the LIS tertiary education sector. This study also examined the roles and characteristics of professional library associations in the international arena with particular reference to two African countries. The factors that have influenced the continuance of professional associations amidst pressure from trade unions for the same membership, were also investigated. Self-administered questionnaires were used to survey the views of LIS employees regarding factors that have influenced their affiliation to the different employee representative bodies. Selfadministered questionnaires were also used to survey trade union officials of the three national unions that service the tertiary sector in South Africa, regarding their views on the infra-structural capacity of unions to incorporate a sector specific union. Percentages and frequency distributions as well as content analysis were used to analyse the data collected. The findings from the survey of the LIS employees reveal that the factors that have influenced the growth of trade unionism at the national and international levels are evident in the LIS sector in South Africa. The findings also reveal that factors that have negated the growth of trade unionism in this sector. Further, the employee population expressed preference for a single representative body to represent the industrial and professional interests of the LIS sector. The findings from the survey of the LIS employees revealed a need which could not be accommodated by the current trade union structures. In suggesting a way forward, the researcher
proposes a model. The aim of the model is to stimulate discussion about how change can be achieved. The researcher draws conclusions based on the analysis of data and in the context of related literature and proposes a way forward for the tertiary LIS sector in South Africa. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.
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The economic impact of a rural land tax on selected commercial farms in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Lee, Richard Brian. January 2007 (has links)
This study investigates the potential economic impact of a land tax implemented in terms of the Local Government Municipal Property Rates Act No. 6 of 2004 (“the LGMPRA”) on selected commercial farms in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) using individual farm data for the period 2001-2006. The study first presents a brief history of land taxes around the world, describing the origins, prevalence and rates of land tax in the United States of America (USA), Australia, Britain and some Nordic countries. This sets the background for a brief history of land taxation in South Africa up to the implementation of the LGMPRA. The study then identifies the economic effects of a land tax, highlighting issues such as the capitalization of a land tax, relevant views of this tax, valuation methodologies, the advantages and disadvantages of a land tax, and the effects of a land tax on future capital investment on farms. Thirdly, the study presents key provisions in the LGMPRA pertaining to farmers with regard to land tax rebates, reductions and exemptions, farmland valuations and the determination of a land tax rate. The effect and applicability of these rebates, reductions and exemptions on the effective land tax rate are also discussed. Fourthly, the study uses a Residual Income Methodology (RIM) framework to estimate the annual economic profit (return to risk and land excluding capital gains) for five different case study farms in the Mtonjaneni and Umgeni municipal districts of KZN. This RIM framework makes allowance for the opportunity cost of management in estimating annual economic profit. These case studies are typical of the main farming enterprises in KZN such as sugarcane, timber, intensive poultry, intensive dairy, cattle, maize and potatoes. Sensitivity analysis is then applied to assess the effect of land tax rates ranging from 0.5% to 5% of the market value of land and fixed improvements on the five farms’ ability to pay a land tax after accounting for rebates proposed by the Department: Provincial and Local Government (DPLG). The estimated mean annual rate of return to risk and land (excluding capital gains) prior to the land tax for the five case study farms during 2001-2006 ranged from -8.50% to 2.94%, with an average of -1.74%. The case farms’ ability to pay a land tax rate of 1% on the value of improved land with and without proposed DPLG rebates from annual
current operating returns ranged from zero to five out of five years, with an average of two out of five years. A 2% land tax rate with such rebates could be financed using annual current operating returns also only in two out of five years on average. These results suggest that land taxes at the proposed rates of 1.5% (Mtonjaneni) or 1% (Umgeni) on these specific farms would markedly reduce the incentive to invest in farm improvements These results also indicate that further research in KZN and other
provinces in South Africa needs to be conducted to help ascertain the effects of the implementation of the LGMPRA in other municipalities. / Thesis (M.Agric.Man.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.
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