Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2017. / Submitted by Raiane Silva (raianesilva@bce.unb.br) on 2017-07-13T18:23:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_CarlosEduardoPessoadoMonte.pdf: 3688487 bytes, checksum: 8a4875c8294c286ce4933d7a506b6987 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2017-08-28T21:11:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_CarlosEduardoPessoadoMonte.pdf: 3688487 bytes, checksum: 8a4875c8294c286ce4933d7a506b6987 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-28T21:11:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_CarlosEduardoPessoadoMonte.pdf: 3688487 bytes, checksum: 8a4875c8294c286ce4933d7a506b6987 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-28 / A Construção Civil representa um dos setores mais importantes da economia do País, apesar das perspectivas de baixo crescimento deste setor nos últimos anos. Para que essa indústria possa crescer, mesmo com um cenário econômico desfavorável, um dos conceitos primordiais a ser adotados de forma mais abrangente nas empresas do setor, é a filosofia Lean Construction. Esta obteve sua origem a partir da adaptação dos conceitos estabelecidos pelo Sistema Toyota de Produção (STP). Justifica-se a realização desta pesquisa, tendo em vista que os princípios da filosofia Lean Construction defendem a redução dos processos que não agregam valor, diminuição dos desperdícios, assim como os custos de construção. Tendo como cenário a região Centro-Oeste do país, especificamente nas cidades de Brasília (DF), Goiânia (GO) e Uberlândia (MG), o objetivo desta dissertação consiste em elaborar um novo questionário para avaliação do desempenho e aplicabilidade dos 11 princípios da filosofia Lean Construction, em empresas na área de Construção Civil para que as mesmas, possam estabelecer planos de ações focados nos princípios que obtiveram menor percentuais de desempenho, assim como , estabelecer ações para manter os princípios que obtiveram os maiores percentuais de desempenho. Como metodologia, foi utilizado o estudo de caso em uma incorporadora de grande porte localizada em Brasília – DF, com obras em Brasília, Goiânia e Uberlândia. Na realização do método foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica a respeito do tema, realização de um estudo de caso, onde foi aplicado integralmente o questionário da dissertação de Carvalho (2008), elaboração de um novo questionário a partir das observações feitas no Caso Piloto. A incorporadora do estudo de caso apresentou um resultado satisfatório, com destaque para os princípios 10 e 11, que obtiveram desempenho acima de 90% para todos os agentes. Já o princípio 6 obteve o menor desempenho entre os quesitos avaliados, pois obteve uma média baixa na maioria dos agentes entrevistados. Também se destacaram algumas técnicas, ferramentas e controles utilizados pela incorporada que podem ser seguidas por outras empresas do setor. / Civil Construction represents one of the most important sectors of the country's economy, despite the low growth prospects of this sector in recent years. In order for this industry to grow, even with an unfavorable economic scenario, one of the most important concepts to be adopted more comprehensively in the sector companies is the Lean Construction philosophy. This philosophy originated from the adaptation of the concepts established by the Toyota Production System (STP). This research is justified because the principles of the Lean Construction philosophy advocate the reduction of processes that do not add value, and the decrease of wastes, as well as of construction costs. Set in the Central-West region of Brazil, more specifically, in Brasília (DF), Goiânia (GO) and Uberlândia (MG) cities, the purpose of this dissertation is to elaborate a new questionnaire to evaluate the performance and applicability of the 11 principles the Lean Construction philosophy in civil construction companies, so that those companies can establish action plans focused on the principles that obtained lower performance rates, as well as establish actions to maintain the principles that obtained the highest performance rates. As methodology, a case study was used in a large developer located in Brasília - DF, with projects in Brasilia, Goiânia and Uberlândia. In this study, a bibliographical research on the subject and a case study, in which the questionnaire of Carvalho's dissertation (2008) was fully applied, were carried out, and a new questionnaire was developed based on the observations made in the Pilot Case. The developer of the case study presented a satisfactory result, especially in principles 10 and 11, which obtained performance above 90% for all the agents. However, principle 6 had the lowest performance among the evaluated items, since it obtained a low average in most of the agents interviewed. In addition, some techniques, tools and controls used by the developer stood out, and can be used by other companies in the industry.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:42:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo7485_1.pdf: 985003 bytes, checksum: 5772276da8e5e6695c4bba36d74bcc48 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Este estudo trata da aplicabilidade do Sistema Lean Construction de produção, em grandes empresas de construção civil do setor de edificações da Região Metropolitana do Recife, identificando se os princípios da Lean são totalmente ou parcialmente aplicados nessas empresas. Uma empresa de construção civil será mais competitiva, a partir da eficiência do seu sistema de produção, em termos de estrutura, infra-estrutura, qualidade, planejamento e controle. A arma fundamental da competitividade traduz-se como sendo o planejamento racional das atividades de produção. A preocupação com o desperdício, controle de perdas e diminuição dos custos, apesar de ser um fator importante para qualquer processo ou setor produtivo, no caso do setor de construção civil, ficou relegado a segundo plano durante muitos anos, dado o atraso característico do próprio setor. Segundo Formoso et al. (2000), diversos diagnósticos realizados no Brasil e no exterior indicam que a maioria dos problemas que resultam em baixos patamares de eficiência e qualidade na construção civil têm origem em problemas gerenciais. Nesse contexto, consideráveis esforços por parte das empresas têm sido direcionados no sentido de introduzir no setor modernas filosofias gerenciais, algumas das quais desenvolvidas inicialmente em outras indústrias, como é o caso da Lean Construction , derivado do conceito de Lean Production . A investigação foi conduzida através de entrevistas, com questionário semi-estruturado, realizadas em empresas certificadas de construção civil relacionadas ao setor de edificações, localizadas na Região Metropolitana do Recife

Esta investigación nace de la inquietud generada por información encontrada referente productividad en nuestro país en los procesos productivos, específicamente en la industria de la construcción, rescatamos el siguiente párrafo: En el Perú solo producimos efectivamente el 28% de tiempo. De no mejorar los niveles de ocupación del tiempo y mantenernos en niveles productivos tan bajos, nuestro país no podrá despegar de su condición de nación subdesarrollada, no importa que tan bueno sea el gobierno que nos toque, debemos convencernos de que la mayor parte del cambio está en nuestras manos. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es mejorar la productividad en la ejecución de los trabajos en la parte de estructuras en la edificación de viviendas implementando el sistema de Lean Construction, tomando como referencia a una obra típica en la ciudad de Cusco de la empresa “Ingenius Construcciones S.R.L.” Plantearemos un plan de gestión de producción utilizando las herramientas del sistema de gestión de producción LEAN CONSTRUCTION. Para tal fin, iniciaremos la investigación realizando un diagnóstico de la situación actual de la Obra denominada “Residencial Calicanto” en inicios de ejecución, para definir la cantidad de tiempo ocupado en actividades productivas, contributorias y no contributorias, utilizando la herramienta del sistema de gestión de producción de la filosofía Lean Construction conocida como Nivel General de Actividad. Seguidamente propondremos la implementación de las herramientas del sistema de gestión Lean Construction para la planificación de la ejecución de la obra, desde la planificación general hasta la planificación operacional y las herramientas de control. Así podremos realizar una comparación de indicadores de productividad de la gestión tradicional de obras versus la gestión de obras aplicando las herramientas del sistema de gestión de producción de la filosofía Lean Construction, para demostrar las virtudes de éste y poder implementarlas mostrando no solo fundamentos teóricos, sino que también las dificultades de aplicabilidad que éste pueda tener. Luego de recopilar los datos requeridos en obra, se implementaron las herramientas de gestión Lean construction, a partir de la semana 06 de nuestra intervención, hasta el final del proceso constructivo de la obra. Para analizar los efectos en el proyecto se controlaron las tres principales partidas de la obra en la parte de estructuras como son: encofrado, acero y concreto. Se tomaron registros semanales del avance físico y de la productividad de estas tres partidas. Además, se controló el porcentaje de actividades completadas y las causas de no cumplimiento observadas en la programación semanal.

No description available.

Deliver cost-effective and error-free products that meet customers´ demands and needs within the defined time frame, is the project team’s main goal. The modern project management includes tenfold consultants with different expertise that contribute with new knowledge in diverse phases. This type of management requires good communication and information flow between participing consultants. Therefore, NCC has developed a project management method called NCC Projektstudio, which has influences of Lean Construction and Lean Philosophy. The aim of this study is to identify opportunities for improvement that facilitates consultants’ involvement in the early stage of NCC Projektstudio but also throughout the whole project management phase. This thesis consists of an interview study and a background research which clarifies important principles behind NCC Projektstudio. The study indicates that better and more clarity is required as early as possible throughout the project management phase. This should lead to better conditions for the consultants’ involvement in the early stage. / Att leverera kostandeffektiva och felfria produkter som lever upp till kundernas önskemål och behov under den bestämda tidsramen är projekteringsgruppens främsta mål. Då dagens projektering innefattar tiotal konsulter med olika expertis som tillför nya kunskaper i skiftande faser krävs allt bättre kommunikation och informationsöverföring mellan berörda aktörer. Således har NCC tagit fram projekteringsmetodiken NCC Projektstudio (PS) som har influenser av Lean Construction och Lean filosofin. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att identifiera vilka förbättringsmöjligheter leder till underlättning av konsulternas involvering i det tidiga skedet inför PS-projekt men också under hela projekteringsfasen. Arbetet omfattas av en bakgrundstudie som behandlar de viktiga grundprinciper bakom projekteringsmetodiken NCC Projektstudio samt en intervjustudie. En helhetsbedömning av bakgrundstudien och intervjustudien tyder på ett gemensamt önskemål från samtliga parter att det krävs större tydlighet, i så tidigt skede som möjligt. Detta ska leda till bättre förutsättningar för konsulternas involvering i det tidiga projekt skedet.

<p>Validerat; 20101217 (root)</p>

Spännbalksystem är ett stomsystem helt i betong, där en platsgjuten platta samverkar med prefabricerade förspända balkar. Systemet används bland annat vid olika parkeringshusbyggnationer som gynnas av stora spännvidder och få pelare. Metoden genererar ett mer hållbart stomsystem på grund av mindre materialåtgång och längre livslängd. Slutprognoser från parkeringshusbyggnationer visar att det är svårt att uppnå de kalkylerade enhetstiderna för valvbyggnation där spännbalksystem har använts. Prognoserna visar att byggtiderna har blivit längre och att kostnaderna har ökat på grund av rörligakostnader så som till exempel mark- och maskinhyra. Formhyran vid valvbyggnation upptar en stor del av kostnaden för entreprenören. Det ligger i både entreprenörens och beställarens intresse att minska osäkerheten och avvikelserna från kalkylen i projektet. Därför har en fallstudie genomförts. Två olika studieobjekt har undersökts som benämns Ö1 och V1; Östergötland 1 och Västmanland 1. Fallstudieföretaget är verksamt inom både hus- och anläggningsprojekt i norden. Fallstudieföretaget har en lång erfarenhet från parkeringshusbyggnationer med spännbalkssystem. En processkartläggning har genomförts av de två studieobjekten som båda har haft en projektsumma på strax över 100 miljoner kronor och har genererat över 400 parkeringsplatser. En separat gjutetapp för valv har studerats för Ö1 och V1 där arbetsmomenten vid valvbyggnation har specialstuderats. Vid arbetsmomenten har begränsning, slöseri och beslutsfattande kartlagts och analyserats med litteratur avseende Lean Construction och flakhalsteori. En logistiker på fallstudieföretaget intervjuades för att validera metoden och resultaten i detta arbete. Förbättringsförslag framtogs med avseende på kostnadsbesparingar och produktivitetsökningar. Förslagen avser främst personalförsörjning och produktionsplanering.  En ny tankemodell har framtagits. Den visar hur produktionsstrategin och beslutsfattande från tidigare processer påverkar varandra och kan generera flaskhalsar och slöserier i produktionen. Om oönskade slöserier och flaskhalsar uppstår måste nya beslut fattas vilket innebär att produktionsstrategin måste förändras. Flaskhals, slöseri och beslutsfattande är ömsesidigt beroende av varandra och är svåra att isolera var och för sig. Begränsningen i studien är att det endast har gjorts observationer hos ett fallstudieföretag. Processkartläggningen är därmed inte representativ för alla valvbyggnationer med spännbalkssystem i nya parkeringshus. Det kan finnas andra aktörer på marknaden som använder sig av andra processer som inte är kartlagda i detta examensarbete.      Min hypotes med att implementera Lean Construction inom byggnation av parkeringshus med spännbalksystem har visat sig användbar för att minimera kostnader och öka effektiviteten.

En la actualidad, el uso de la tecnología para desarrollar diferentes trabajos, actividades y procesos es más recurrente. El BIM ha surgido como una metodología que permite modelar en tres dimensiones y gestionar un proyecto con la finalidad de optimizar los procesos. En el Perú, la implementación de la metodología BIM ha sido de menor a mayor escala. Se comenzó a usar para realizar modelos en tres dimensiones para presentaciones de venta. Posteriormente, se vio el potencial y se comenzó a realizar los recorridos en la etapa de planificación para la elaboración de la ingeniería y en la etapa de ejecución para poder entender los procedimientos constructivos en función de cómo quedaría terminado. Hoy en día se usa para poder gestionar proyectos en etapas tempranas y para poder controlar la obra. Los reportes asociados a cada propiedad del elemento simplifican múltiples trabajos. Razón que, permiten ahorrar tiempo en la ejecución de diversas tareas, actividades y procesos. Por otro lado, tenemos la filosofía Lean Construction la cual permite mejorar procesos y realizar actividades en función a conceptos como poder sectorizar, priorizar, analizar restricciones entre otras, con la finalidad de proteger el avance de una obra y gestionar un adecuado de control de la producción. La filosofía Lean Construction tiene varios años en el sector de construcción, mientras que la metodología BIM es algo novedoso que ha empezado a desarrollarse a detalle y en conjunto nuevas herramientas genera múltiples oportunidades de mejora. El presente trabajo de investigación ha desarrollado la aplicación de la metodología BIM para la etapa de planificación y control de obra bajo lineamientos Lean Construction en proyectos multifamiliares. Para poder cumplir con el desarrollo del presente trabajo de investigación se ha evaluado el historial de diez proyectos e indicadores en proyectos similares. La aplicación de la metodología comienza con un fin netamente para el uso de verificación en obra del diseño y los procesos constructivos, así como las afectaciones y consideraciones a tener. Posterior, se evaluó la metodología aplicando el modelo y sectorización para obtener los metrados. Por último, en el más reciente proyecto se aplica la metodología con dos programas a la vez y se mide diferentes indicadores que demuestran la mejora de procesos y tiempos de entrega. Por otro lado, se analiza la inversión a tener en cuenta para su implementación. / Today, the use of technology to develop different jobs, activities and processes is more recurrent. BIM has emerged as a methodology that allows modeling in three dimensions and managing a project in order to optimize processes. In Peru, the implementation of the BIM methodology has been from smaller to larger scale. It began to be used to make three-dimensional models for sales presentations. Subsequently, the potential was seen and the tours began to be carried out in the planning stage for the elaboration of the engineering and in the execution stage in order to understand the construction procedures based on how it would be finished. Today it is used to manage projects in early stages and to control the work. The reports associated with each element property simplify multiple jobs. For this reason, they save time in the execution of various tasks, activities and processes. On the other hand, we have the Lean Construction philosophy which allows us to improve processes and carry out activities based on concepts such as being able to sectorize, prioritize, analyze restrictions, among others, in order to protect the progress of a work and manage an adequate control of the production. The Lean Construction philosophy has been in the construction sector for several years, while the BIM methodology is something new that has begun to be developed in detail and together, new tools generate multiple opportunities for improvement. This research work has developed the application of the BIM methodology for the planning and control stage of work under Lean Construction guidelines in multifamily projects. In order to comply with the development of this research work, the history of ten projects and indicators in similar projects has been evaluated. The application of the methodology begins with a clear purpose for the use of verification on site of the design and construction processes, as well as the effects and considerations to have. Later, the methodology was evaluated applying the model and sectorization to obtain the measurements. Finally, in the most recent project, the methodology is applied with two programs at the same time and different indicators are measured that demonstrate the improvement of processes and delivery times. On the other hand, the investment to be taken into account for its implementation is analyzed. / Tesis

Through the years, the concept of Value has been widely discussed covering diverse fields of knowledge, such as marketing, business management, strategy, engineering, design, and the like. Within the construction industry field, highly praised management approaches have been used to deliver Value such as Value Engineering, Value Management and Lean Thinking. As a result of the complex nature of this concept, different definitions, equations and models have been proposed to mainly deliver Value from a customer focused perspective. Therefore, the potential of the construction industry has been usually limited by the fulfilment of individual requirements. Thus, environmental and social issues have been generally managed from a bill payer perspective. During the course of this research, Chilean experience in Social Housing Projects was investigated. Initial author observation, analysis of governmental policies and data collected from three case studies allowed to evidence an emergent phenomenon in developing countries such as Chile and in the construction sector experience in general. This phenomenon considers Value as an oscillating concept, which means Value delivered by a particular construction project continuously impacts society in a wide sense, and provides a legacy for future generations. In the same way, Value delivered for particular projects affects in turn those judgments concerning future projects and contribute with the permanent improvement of the construction sector s performance (learning from experience). Consequently, the construction industry contributes to the development of society through the alleviation of environmental & society issues such as drug consumption, social risk, public safety and so forth. Along the time, the decisions and activities of the construction industry have influenced more than a reduced set of customers. Therefore, there is no reasoning against the fact that the human species depends on many sorts of building and infrastructure projects to perform their activities and that the more developed a society or country is, the more such structures are needed. This is an absolute matter of fact. Consequently, building projects as the outcome of build environment could be considered as the physical reflection of our current decisions. They represent major investments in the future delivery, where several human, natural, monetary and technological resources are devoted. Those projects provide a legacy to future generations based on what we have valued today, and how much we care about tomorrow and the stability of our ecosystem. Therefore, the concept of Value in the construction management field should be visualised from a wider perspective towards the consideration of universal environmental & social issues. The consideration of this phenomenon is even more important in developing countries, where opportunities still exist to create a well-balanced built environment that supports society. In an attempt to conceptualise a wider view of Value in the construction industry, different approached to manage Value were investigated. As a result, Lean Thinking arose as a potential philosophy to expand common customer focused Value perspectives. Additionally, different features and multidimensional attributes of the concept of Value were identified. To aid the visualisation of Value in the construction industry, a conceptual model was developed and named the First and Last Value Model F&LVM. According to this model, the delivery of Value spans across two different contexts: First context, which refers to Value delivery to the society (First Value: Environmental & Social issues), and Last context, which deals with Value delivery at project level (Last Value: Production process). This model also considers the interaction between three Value domains: Production & Delivery capacity; Stakeholders perspective; and Social perspective. From this interaction, four central perspectives are included towards a wider visualisation of Value: Technological, economic, environmental and political. Moreover, this model considers Value as an objective, subjective, dynamic, context dependent, relative, and oscillating concept. Finally, the F&LVM was evaluated under the criteria of both researchers and practitioners from Lean Construction, whose potential contributes to a sustainable development. Evaluator s feedback demonstrated that this model contributes to a wider conceptualisation of Value in the construction industry.

One of the essential factors for a functional and hassle free construction project is well planned and organized logistics. At urban construction sites that are characterized by limited space and constant challenges given by the conditions of the location, it becomes even more relevant to plan meticulously. It is a fact that the construction business has its flaws when it comes to manage the different types of wastes that are within, and constantly working with logistics is the only way to effectively use the resources, both economically and in terms of time. This paper will from this background enlighten the logistical problems that emerge because of the conditions in the city, identify the most critical, and observe how they are taken care of. From our observations we noticed that lack of space and a poor communication between operators in and around the project, often is the common denominator when problems surface and are especially important to manage in inner-city projects. The issues seem to be connected to a very complex logistic network, where it’s hard to coordinate the operators further down in line. This also differs a lot depending on the size of the project, and the smaller sites often have less logistic awareness.