This study theme is ¡§The impact of learning system dynamics by learning group.¡¨ Both through literature review, the first aspect is the cumulative literature in learning groups¡F the second aspect is the system dynamic learning process. In the past research, there was not any research about learning the system dynamics by learning group approach. Therefore, the researchers referred to literature and action research to propose hypotheses as follows¡G Hypothesis 1¡GA learning group can improve the motivation to learn the system dynamics. Hypothesis 2¡GA member who is more familiar with the system dynamics than others can improve the continuous motivation to learn the system dynamics. Hypothesis 3¡GThe motivation to learn the system dynamics can be affected by members¡¦ learning situations. This study was designed to learn the system dynamics in three hours a week by a learning group. The ¡§Business Dynamics¡¨ was used as the main textbook. This study used the action research as research methods. This study collated findings obtained by the following¡G ¤@¡BA learning group can improve the motivation to learn the system dynamics ¤G¡BA member who is more familiar with the system dynamics than others can improve the continuous motivation to learn the system dynamics. ¤T¡BWe should consider different motivations to learn the system dynamics in the process of learning the system dynamics.

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Numa escola particular da cidade de São Paulo, em 2002, o professor de Física propôs um novo projeto: desenvolver uma monitoria com seus alunos do 1° ano do Ensino Médio. Alguns alunos foram selecionados e convidados a atuarem como monitores de seus colegas de turma na disciplina de Física. Sua função era estar sempre à disposição dos colegas para ajudá-los, coordenar plantões de dúvidas em horários previamente definidos e participar de outras atividades ligadas à monitoria propostas pelo professor ao longo do ano. O grupo, formado pelos monitores e o professor, se encontrava uma vez por semana para discutir assuntos relacionados à monitoria. Nos anos seguintes a experiência foi repetida com novos grupos de alunos, obtendo bons resultados, sendo que os grupos se tornavam criativos e capazes de solucionar problemas. Depois de três anos de sucesso, passamos a acompanhar os grupos nos anos de 2005 e 2006, com turmas do 3° ano do Ensino Médio. Diferente dos anos anteriores, os grupos estavam pouco engajados na tarefa de ajudar os colegas e não enfrentavam os problemas com criatividade. Assim, nos propusemos a investigar o processo de ascensão e declínio do projeto de monitoria identificando as dinâmicas grupais estabelecidas em cada uma das suas cinco edições. Para tanto, utilizamos como referencial teórico a teoria de grupos operativos de Enrique Pichon-Rivière, que leva em conta aspectos subjetivos que permeiam o trabalho coletivo. Nossos dados foram compostos pelo relato do professor referente aos anos que não acompanhamos, e gravações em vídeo dos encontros, entrevistas com os monitores e com o professor e notas de campo dos anos em que estivemos presente nas reuniões de monitoria. Constatamos que fatores como a mudança de contexto do projeto (do primeiro para o terceiro ano do ensino médio), as relações afetivas estabelecidas entre os membros do grupo e o envolvimento da instituição são fatores importantes para a implantação de um projeto inovador no ambiente escolar. / In 2002, a Physics teacher from a private school in the city of São Paulo proposed a new project: students from the first year of High School acting as tutors of their classmates. Some students were selected and invited to take part in this project by assisting their classmates from the Physics class as if they were their tutors. They were supposed to be always available to help their classmates, coordinate \"doubt sessions\" in previously defined times and join other activities suggested by the teacher throughout the year. The group, formed by the tutors and the teacher, met once a week to discuss issues related to the project. In the following years, the experience was repeated with new groups of students and it was possible to notice good results, since they became more creative and capable of solving problems. After three successful years, we started observing the groups from 2005 and 2006, with students from the third year of High School. Unlike the previous years, the groups were little engaged in the task of helping the classmates and they didn\'t face the problems with creativity. That way, we proposed to investigate the process of rising and decline of the project identifying the group activities established in each one of the five editions. For that, we used as a reference, the operative groups\' theory of Enrique Pichon-Rivière, which considers the subjective aspects that concern the collective work. Our data came from the report of the teacher about the years we didn\'t observe, video records of the meetings, interviews with the tutors and with the teacher and notes from the years that we were present during the meetings of the project. We noticed that factors like the change of context of the project (from the first to the third year of High School), the affective relationships established among the members of the group and the engagement of the institutions are important to the establishment of an innovative project in the school environment.

Scheduled time for reflective work is common at many Swedish preschools. Reflection is a complex concept that is being used with many different purposes in preschools. The reflective work in Swedish preschools today has its roots in the theories from Vygotskij about how children learn by watching and cooperating with others. Also, many Swedish preschools have taken inspiration from the preschools in Reggio Emilia in Italy, who see the reflective work as something necessary in their work around children’s learning processes. “The learning group” is a way of seeing children and adults as members of groups who capture knowledge by social interaction, taken from the preschools in Reggio Emilia. In 1998, Swedish preschools got their first curriculum, which also took inspiration from Vygotskij and his visions of children’s learning. The aim of this study is to find out how reflective work can be done at some Swedish preschools, and also to investigate a group of teacher’s thoughts on reflective work. The issues in my study are: What meaning can lie in the concept of reflection in preschools? In what situations can teachers and children in preschools use reflection? What can be the purpose of this reflection? To answer these questions, I did interviews with teachers and observations of meetings and of the work that was being done with the children. The result shows that the term of reflection is ambiguous and is being used with different interpretations in the preschools I have studied. Reflection is for instance retelling events, solving problems, cooperating and curiosity. Teachers and children use reflection in various situations everyday, both at planned and spontaneous activities. The purpose of the reflection at the preschools I have visited was for instance to find a focus in working with the children, to know how to move on and to get deeper into what you do.

Der Umgang mit der musikalischen Fachsprache wird in den meisten Lehrplänen für den Musikunterricht der Sekundarstufe I gefordert. Allerdings fehlt nicht nur in den Lehrplänen, sondern auch in der musikdidaktischen Literatur eine inhaltliche Ausgestaltung dieser Forderung. Über Inhalt, Umfang und Ziel der in der Schule anzuwendenden musikalischen Fachsprache herrscht daher keine Klarheit. Empirische Untersuchungen zu den sprachlichen Inhalten im Musikunterricht liegen ebenfalls nicht vor. Auch in vielen anderen Unterrichtsfächern ist die Forschungslage die sprachlichen Inhalte betreffend überschaubar. Mit der Verwendung von Sprache sind jedoch nicht nur Kommunikationsprozesse verbunden, sondern gleichzeitig Lernprozesse innerhalb der Sprache, von der Wortschatzerweiterung bis zur Herstellung von inhaltlich-thematischen Zusammenhängen. Diese Lernprozesse werden beeinflusst von der Wortwahl der Lernenden und Lehrenden. Die Wortwahl der Lernenden lässt gleichzeitig einen Schluss zu auf den Stand des Wissens und dessen Vernetzung. Auf dieser Basis ist der sprachliche Inhalt des Musikunterrichtes der Gegenstand der vorgelegten Arbeit. Ziel der Studie war herauszu¬finden, inwieweit es gelingen kann, durch die Art und Weise des Einsatzes und den Umfang von Fachsprache im Musikunterricht Lernprozesse effektiver und erfolgreicher zu gestalten und besser an Gegenwarts- und Zukunftsbedürfnissen der Lernenden auszurichten. / Dealing with the musical technical terminology is required in most curricula for the teaching of music in the secondary school level. However, lacking in the curriculum and in the music didactic literature a substantive aspect of this requirement. About the content, scope and purpose of the applicable school musical technical terminology, there is no clarity. Empirical studies on the linguistic content in music lessons are also not available. In many other subjects, the research situation, the linguistic content is rare. With the use of language are connected communication processes and learning processes within the language of the vocabulary extension to the production of content and thematic connections. These learning processes are influenced by the choice of words the students and teachers. The wording of the learners can be at the same time a conclusion as to the state of knowledge and its networking. On this basis, the linguistic content of the music teaching is the subject of this study. The aim of the study was to find out discover what extent it possible to make by way of the use and scope of the technical language in music teaching learning process more effective and more successful and better align to current and future needs of the learner.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cooperative learning activities and the STAD technique on students&rsquo / vocabulary retention. The relationship between students&rsquo / course achievement and type of vocabulary learning activities they engage in with respect to their retention levels were also investigated. The study was conducted with one elementary level group at BaSkent University. 22 students took part in the study. The participants were taught a total of 40 words, through 4 reading lesson plans, two of which implemented cooperative learning activities while the other two implemented group work activities. A pre-test on the target words was administered before each lesson, and a post-test was given two weeks after each lesson to see if there was any difference in students&rsquo / retention levels in favor of either technique. The data gathered were analysed through the t-test procedure and the regression analysis test. According to the results of these tests, cooperative learning activities produced better retention results than group work activities. The study also found that there is no relation between the students&rsquo / course achievement grades and their vocabulary retention scores.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wyoming, 2008. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on August 6, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-60).

Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references.

Numa escola particular da cidade de São Paulo, em 2002, o professor de Física propôs um novo projeto: desenvolver uma monitoria com seus alunos do 1° ano do Ensino Médio. Alguns alunos foram selecionados e convidados a atuarem como monitores de seus colegas de turma na disciplina de Física. Sua função era estar sempre à disposição dos colegas para ajudá-los, coordenar plantões de dúvidas em horários previamente definidos e participar de outras atividades ligadas à monitoria propostas pelo professor ao longo do ano. O grupo, formado pelos monitores e o professor, se encontrava uma vez por semana para discutir assuntos relacionados à monitoria. Nos anos seguintes a experiência foi repetida com novos grupos de alunos, obtendo bons resultados, sendo que os grupos se tornavam criativos e capazes de solucionar problemas. Depois de três anos de sucesso, passamos a acompanhar os grupos nos anos de 2005 e 2006, com turmas do 3° ano do Ensino Médio. Diferente dos anos anteriores, os grupos estavam pouco engajados na tarefa de ajudar os colegas e não enfrentavam os problemas com criatividade. Assim, nos propusemos a investigar o processo de ascensão e declínio do projeto de monitoria identificando as dinâmicas grupais estabelecidas em cada uma das suas cinco edições. Para tanto, utilizamos como referencial teórico a teoria de grupos operativos de Enrique Pichon-Rivière, que leva em conta aspectos subjetivos que permeiam o trabalho coletivo. Nossos dados foram compostos pelo relato do professor referente aos anos que não acompanhamos, e gravações em vídeo dos encontros, entrevistas com os monitores e com o professor e notas de campo dos anos em que estivemos presente nas reuniões de monitoria. Constatamos que fatores como a mudança de contexto do projeto (do primeiro para o terceiro ano do ensino médio), as relações afetivas estabelecidas entre os membros do grupo e o envolvimento da instituição são fatores importantes para a implantação de um projeto inovador no ambiente escolar. / In 2002, a Physics teacher from a private school in the city of São Paulo proposed a new project: students from the first year of High School acting as tutors of their classmates. Some students were selected and invited to take part in this project by assisting their classmates from the Physics class as if they were their tutors. They were supposed to be always available to help their classmates, coordinate \"doubt sessions\" in previously defined times and join other activities suggested by the teacher throughout the year. The group, formed by the tutors and the teacher, met once a week to discuss issues related to the project. In the following years, the experience was repeated with new groups of students and it was possible to notice good results, since they became more creative and capable of solving problems. After three successful years, we started observing the groups from 2005 and 2006, with students from the third year of High School. Unlike the previous years, the groups were little engaged in the task of helping the classmates and they didn\'t face the problems with creativity. That way, we proposed to investigate the process of rising and decline of the project identifying the group activities established in each one of the five editions. For that, we used as a reference, the operative groups\' theory of Enrique Pichon-Rivière, which considers the subjective aspects that concern the collective work. Our data came from the report of the teacher about the years we didn\'t observe, video records of the meetings, interviews with the tutors and with the teacher and notes from the years that we were present during the meetings of the project. We noticed that factors like the change of context of the project (from the first to the third year of High School), the affective relationships established among the members of the group and the engagement of the institutions are important to the establishment of an innovative project in the school environment.

Title: Influence of Cooperative Games on Social Atmosphere in the Class Objectives: The goal of the thesis is to detect the importance of influence of a half-day cooperative program on relationships within one class and subsequent perception of social atmosphere in the class. Methods: The standardized questionnaire "Hodnotenie sociálnej atmosféry v triede" was used for data acquisition. 72 respondents of first three years of Jan Neruda Grammar School in Prague participated on the research. Statistic methods like arithmetic average, modus or median were used for data evaluation. Results: The positive shift in evaluation of social atmosphere in the class was visible in all analysed groups. Nevertheless in the control group 1.D. where the cooperative program was not used there was a more significant improvement than in one of experimental groups. We proved that a half-day program of cooperative games is not sufficient for fulfilment of intentions to influence relationships within the class, but it can point out the deficiencies of social atmosphere in the class. Keywords: cooperation, communication, group dynamics, cooperative learning, class environment