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Stehlíková, M. Quantification of the impact of the IFRS Exposure Draft operating leases to the financial situation of the lessor. Master thesis. Brno: MENDELU v Brně, 2014. This Diploma thesis deals with the impact of potential implementation of the new IFRS exposure draft on leases, mainly from the lessor sight. The theoretical part discusses the current approach to the reporting of leases under IFRS, the new publication of the proposal in this area in 2010 and revised in 2013. In the practical part presents a comparison of approaches and evaluate the impact on the financial situation of the lessor.

My diploma work deals with the possibilities of financing a second-hand personal car by leasing, by a consumer bank credit and by an American mortgage with regard to the advantages of single methods of financing for a private person. This work is made up of two basis parts. The first of them - the theoretical one - is divided into three chapters treating of the way of use, advantages and disadvantages of all these methods. In the second, practical part the possibility of single methods of funding is proved by an analysis of concrete companies and banks, which offer these methods of financing. On the basis of the analysis the most advantageous companies and banks, which are offering their product with the most advantageous conditions, are evaluated. For interest I compared the possibilities of financing in the Czech Republic with Germany. The work also contains some detailed information about the second-hand car schop NOVOSAD, where I was getting consulation during my practise, and I gather information from their experience in my whole diploma work.

Tématem diplomové práce je koloběh dlouhodobého hmotného majetku ve firmě. Zabývá se především pořízemím majetku formou leasingu, přičemž srovnává účtování leasingu na základě českých předpisů a IFRS. Další části jsou věnovány pořízení, ocenění, odepisování a vyřazení dlouhodobého hmotného majetku.

The aim of this study is to compare an acquition of an investment property by a leasing or a loan. The basic charakteristics of a leasing and a loan will be described as well as their accounting on the tax accounts. The main stress is put on the tax burden of both possibilities -- a leasing, a loan. The problems will be analyzed on the firm -- Iva Jurkovičová ECHO.

This thesis continuously builds on the previous Bachelor thesis and develops a perspective on leasing on the international scale. It's based on IAS 17 and its competent interpretation. It shows the impact on the accounts and statements of accounts from the standpoint of the lessor and the lessee. The whole work is undergoing a number of illustrative examples which approach theory in a numerical implementation. In the conclusion there is a setting out the main differences between the Czech and international approach for accounting and reporting lease also lists the possible future modification of the lease.

This work deals with the characteristics of a loan, finance leases and operating leases. It follows up their differences and tax implications. The aim of this study is to choose the best loan or lease for acquisition of fixed assets in company AZ s.r.o. It should certify or refuse presumption the operating lease to be the best variant for its purchase.

This diploma thesis deals with the choice of a suitable form of an external financing for the selected company. Individual banking products and services are generally defined in the theoretical part. Defined banking products are then compared within the analytical part of this work. Analytical part of this work contains also some calculations. The most suitable financing method for the selected company is recommended within the last part of this work.

Syfte: Tidigare användes IAS 17 vid redovisning av leasingavtal där operationella leasingavtal uteslöts från balansräkningen. Detta bidrog till en felaktig bild av företagens finansiella ställning. Standarden IFRS 16 infördes då som inte längre behandlar avtalen olika. Tidigare studier behandlar endast fiktiva siffror vilket har gjort det svårt att se den verkliga påverkan. Syftet med studien är att beskriva hur införandet av IFRS 16 har påverkat företags nyckeltal för publika bolag samt hur effekten sett ut mellan branscherna.   Metod: Studien baseras på en positivistisk forskningsstrategi med en deduktiv ansats. Studien antar en kvantitativ strategi som baseras på sekundärdata från Thomson Reuters Eikon. Datamaterialet presenterar data från två år, 2018 respektive 2020, i 235 publika företag vilket resulterade i 2036 observationer. Insamlad data analyserades i ett statistikprogram, SPSS, och sammanställdes sedan i tabeller.  Resultat och slutsats: Studiens resultat påvisar bevis för ett samband mellan implementeringen av IFRS 16 och påverkan på nyckeltal, där vissa nyckeltal påverkades mer än andra. Resultatet för sambandet mellan nyckeltalen och branscherna påvisar att vissa branscher påverkas mer av införandet än andra. Studiens slutsats är därför att nyckeltalen påverkas i och med implementeringen men inte i den utsträckning som förväntades samt att branscherna påverkades olika av implementeringen.  Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien bidrar till reella siffror vilket inte tidigare varit möjligt. Den beskriver även vilka branscher som drabbats mer än andra samt hur den egentliga påverkan ser ut. Studien bidrar till sist till att se hur nyckeltal kan komma att påverkas av framtida redovisningsregleringar.  Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Förslag till vidare forskning på ämnet är att inkludera fler länder, branscher och andra nyckeltal för att få fler perspektiv på hur den reella påverkan ser ut. Ett ytterligare förslag hade varit att gå in djupare på de påverkade branscherna för att skapa en större förståelse för påverkan av implementeringen och hur denna påverkan ser ut för enskilda företag. / Aim: Previously, IAS 17 was used in accounting for leases where operating leases were excluded from the balance sheet. This contributed to an inaccurate picture of the financial position of enterprises. The IFRS 16 standard was introduced at the time, which no longer treated the contracts differently. Previous studies only process fictitious numbers which makes it difficult to see the real impact. The purpose of the study is to describe how the introduction of IFRS 16 has affected public companies´ financial ratios and if the transformation has influences industries differently.   Method: The study assumes positivistic research with a deductive approach. The study adopts a quantitative strategy based on secondary data from the database Thomson Reuters Eikon. The material presents data from two years, 2018 and 2020, in 235 listed companies in Sweden and Germany which resulted in 2036 observations. The collected data has been analysed in one statistical program, SPSS, and then compiled into tables.  Results and conclusions: The results of the study gives some evidence that the implementation of IFRS 16 has a connection with the influence on financial ratios, where some financial ratios had a more significant impact than others. The results for the relationship between the financial ratios and the industries show that some industries are more affected by the introduction than others. The study's conclusion is therefore that the ratios are affected by the implementation but not to the extent that was expected and that the industries were affected differently by the implementation.  Contribution of the thesis: The study contributes to real numbers, which has not previously been possible. It also describes which industries that have been affected more than others and what the actual impact looks like for companies in these industries. The study ultimately helps to see how financial ratios may be affected by future accounting regulations.  Suggestions for future research: One suggestion for future research is to include more countries, industries, and other financial ratios to get more perspectives on what the real impact looks like. A further suggestion would have been to go deeper into the affected industries to create a greater comprehension of the impact of the implementation and what the impact looks like for individual companies.

Background and problem: IAS 17, the name of the previous standard of leasing, allowed firms to showcase their leasing as either operational or financial. This allowance led to the financial reports of firms not presenting the leasing requirements and therefore showing misleading financial ratios. After a review performed by the IASB and FASB and the given conclusions, IFRS 16 was implemented in January 2019. This led to leasing contracts required to be presented in financial form, with the exception of leasing contracts with duration below 12 months and assets valued less than 5 000 United States Dollar. As of today, it is mandatory to report a leasing contract in the balance sheets, which facilitates economic comparisons and eliminates potential flaws when analysing financial situations of certain firms. IFRS 16 is expected to affect the financial ratios, cash flow analysis and income statement and balance sheet of companies that are included.    Purpose: The purpose of this study is to aid build an understanding of the impact on the financial ratios of firms operating on Nasdaq OMX Nordic after the implementation of IFRS 16. Additionally, this study aims to analyse if certain sectors are affected in different ways. Methodological approach: The methodological approach of this study is a quantitative method. To collect the data for this approach, interim reports for the first quarter of 2019 are used. In this study, the calculations of the financial rations have been done with the support of a census survey based on 103 publicly quoted companies within retailing and construction & service industries within Nordic. Lastly, the cross-over effects following the change to IFRS 16 within the financial ratios of these companies are constructed within the same industries.  Results: The introduction and implementation of IFRS 16 showed significant effects across all sectors. This is explained due to, the firms in the selected sectors of this study, mainly being financed through leasing. The results of this study show that effects of the implementation of IFRS 16 were most significant in the retailing industry, followed by the service industry. The construction industry was impacted the least by observing the financial ratios. / Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: I den tidigare standarden IAS 17 hade företagen möjligheten att redovisa sina leasingavtal som operationella- eller finansiella leasingavtal. Företagens möjlighet till att redovisa leasingavtalen som operationella ledde till att företagens finansiella rapporter inte synliggjorde leasingåtaganden. Efter en granskning utförd av IASB och FASB visade det sig att nyckeltalen gav en missvisande bild gällande företagens finansiella ställning vid tillämpning av operationell leasing. Till följd av detta implementerades IFRS 16 den 1 januari 2019, som förtydligar att samtliga leasingavtal skall redovisas som finansiella med undantag för leasingavtal med löptid under 12 månader och tillgångar av mindre värde än 5 000 amerikanska dollar. Företagen behöver numera redovisa sina leasingavtal i balansräkningen, vilket skapar ökad jämförbarhet och eliminerar tidigare brister vid bedömning av företagens finansiella ställning. IFRS 16 förväntas påverka företagens nyckeltal, kassaflödesanalys samt resultat- och balansräkning. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att bidra med en förståelse för hur IFRS 16 påverkat företagens nyckeltal på Nasdaq OMX Nordic. Studien ämnar även till att undersöka ifall branscherna påverkats olika. Metod: Studien har utgått från en kvantitativ forskningsmetod, där datainsamlingen baseras på delårsrapporter från 2019, kvartal 1. Beräkning av nyckeltal har genomförts utifrån en totalundersökning som avser en population på 103 nordiska börsnoterade företag inom detaljhandeln, tjänstesektorn och byggbranschen. Därefter undersöktes övergångseffekterna av IFRS 16 på nyckeltalen mellan detaljhandeln, tjänstesektorn och byggbranschen. Resultat: IFRS 16 har haft en betydande påverkan på nyckeltalen i samtliga branscher. Detta till följd av att företagen i studiens utvalda branscher främst finansieras genom leasing. Studiens resultat visade att koncernföretag inom detaljhandeln påverkats mest av IFRS 16. Därefter kommer tjänstesektorn och sedan byggbranschen med minst påverkan på nyckeltalen.