Among most of the LEED registered and LEED certified health-care facilities, there is a credit variation between the LEED pilot checklist and the final checklist. The credit variation between the LEED pilot and final checklists implies failure in achieving the pre-defined green objectives. Most of the credits were given up due to financial reasons. Although most of the credits in the LEED credit list emerge as design issues, accomplishing a LEED rating is primarily the owner??s responsibility. In order to minimize the variation between the LEED pilot checklist and LEED approved checklist, the owner needs to conduct significant project planning. The owner should integrate the LEED objectives early in the project and should include the cost of the LEED process in the capital budget. Since there are limited LEED certified health-care projects, adoption of the systems approach for planning and developing a green health-care facility using the IDEF0 method is recommended. The IDEF0 method can produce an outcome array which represents the matrix of all possible circumstances. This will give the owner and the project team the ability to better forecast cost and schedule decisions, even when there is a lack of historical data relating to green health-care projects. The approach will be beneficial in analyzing the various outcomes, cost, and feasibility of projects in terms of integrating LEED objectives early on. This could minimize the credit variation, as well as cost and schedule overruns during the project execution stage. Adequately defining the full development process upfront is vital to the overall success of any project, especially for green buildings, since they are a developing trend in the construction industry.

In giant magnetoresistance (GMR) or tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) materials, the transport properties rely on the related spin configurations, i.e., the parallel spin configuration in both magnetic layers is responsible for the lower resistivity state while the antiparallel spin configuration between them exhibit the higher resistivity state. However, the magnetic materials in realistic do not align completely in one direction; they exhibit magnetic domains to reduce the dipolar interaction instead. It is thus crucial to investigate in detailed about how the magnetic domain evolution influences the magnetoresistance in GMR or TMR materials. So, Photoemission Electron Microscopy (PEEM) and Kerr microscope are very good tools for us to study the magnetic domain in local area. The in-situ preparation Mn/Ag wedge/Fe(100) ultrathin films are measured by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), low energy electron diffraction (LEED), medium energy electron diffraction (MEED), and photoemission electron microscope (PEEM) in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber. The preparation Ti/Fe/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) thin films are performed in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber and then are measured by Kerr Microscopy in air. By observing the evolution of magnetic domain, we can know more the detailed information on magnetism microscopically and the correlation between the magnetic properties and electric transport properties.

This thesis examines the environmental benefits resulting from the choice of environmental certification scheme, with focus on energy. This was carried out by studying the measures that were implemented as a result of the certification of Sweco's three largest office buildings in Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö. The office property in Stockholm has been certified with the Swedish Environmental Building, Gothenburg with the British BREEAM and Malmö with the U.S system LEED. The results from the study indicate that an environmental certification can reduce the energy consumption by up to 59 percent and the water consumption by 20 to 66 percent. However; the interviews, literature study and simulations in MATLAB indicate that the size and scope of these environmental benefits depend on several identified factors: the type of building and its conditions, system selection, grade level, the choice of indicators, the ambition of those involved and when in time the certification process begins. The comparison between Environmental Building, LEED and BREEAM showed that Environmental Building for the office property in Stockholm gave the largest environmental benefit in terms of reduced energy consumption thanks to several large measures. The simulations in MATLAB indicated that when choosing window glass the following factors need to be taken into consideration; the coefficient of heat transmission, the solar factor g, the windows placement and the building’s balance temperature. The optimal choice of window glass is a glass with a low g-value during the cooling season and with a high g-value during the heating season.

This is a report about modern theories of sustainability and the progression of regenerative design. I utilize a framework of sustainability put forth in 2001 by Simon Guy and Graham Farmer to analyze the content of the Beyond LEED Symposium held in January, 2012 on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin. Using the six logics of sustainability proposed by Guy and Farmer; eco-technic, eco-centric, eco-aesthetic, eco-cultural, eco-medical, and eco-social, I examine the results of the symposium and determine which of these logics is being employed in the development of a new, regenerative design paradigm. I will also examine whether or not the Guy and Farmer framework of sustainability, and its contained logics, represent an incomplete definition of contemporary theories of sustainability. The results of this study and of the Beyond LEED Symposium suggest a change in how we think about sustainability and regenerative design. / text

Vi lever i ett samhälle där det är brist på bostäder och kraven på nya och hållbara byggnader är allt större. De hus som byggs idag har fokus på att vara energisnåla för att spara på resurser. Något som glöms bort är valet av material till huskonstruktionerna. Material kan påverka natur och människor från vagga till graven genom till exempel materialets farliga ingående ämnen. Certifieringssystemen Miljöbyggnad, BREEAM och LEED har kontrollerats och deras materialkriterier har tagits fram. Genom ett urval av konstruktionsmaterial tagna ur SundaHus har en granskning gjorts på dessa material gentemot certifieringssystemens kriterier på material för att se om de är kompatibla. Minoriteten av kriterier var granskningsbara mot separata material och gick att kontrollera i SundaHus. Nästan alla material klarade kriterierna som kunde användas från Miljöbyggnad och BREEAM oavsett klassning i SundaHus. Inga av LEEDs kriterier var kompatibla med SundaHus för separata material. Det faktum att de sämre klassningarna i SundaHus kunde klara kriterierna som granskades tyder på att kraven i miljöcertifieringssystemen är för låga. Högre och fler krav borde ställas gällande enskilda material och farliga ämnen i dem. / We live in a society where there is a shortage of housing and the demand for new and sustainable buildings is growing. The houses that are being built today are focused on being energy efficient to save resources. Something that is forgotten is the choice of materials to house constructions. Materials can affect nature and people from the cradle to the grave by for example material hazardous components. The certification systems Miljöbyggnad, BREEAM and LEED have been checked and their material criteria have been defined. Through a selection of construction materials taken from SundaHus a review has been made of these materials towards the certification systems´ criteria on materials to see if they are compatible. The minority of the criteria were reviewed to separate materials and could be verified in SundaHus. Almost all materials passed the criteria that could be used of Miljöbyggnad and BREEAM regardless of classification in SundaHus. None of the LEED criteria were compatible with SundaHus for separate materials. The fact that the worse classifications in SundaHus could pass the criteria that were reviewed indicates that the requirements in environmental certification systems are too low. Higher and more demands should be made on individual materials and the hazardous substances in them.

Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka hur byggnadsmaterial behandlas inom BREEAM, LEED, Miljöbyggnad och Svanen samt inom byggvarudatabaserna Basta, Byggvarubedömningen och SundaHus. Med hjälp av systemens bedömningskriterier har relevant information bearbetats och sammanfattats i en diskussion samt ett grafiskt resultat. Resultatet har visat att BREEAM-SE ställer höga krav med både standardiserade livscykelanalyser, kemiskt innehåll, dokumentation, avfallshantering, emissioner och tillverkning. LEED ställer krav på återvinning, återanvändning och emissioner men nämner inte utfasningsämnen eller fullständig materialdokumentation. Miljöbyggnad ställer krav på materialdokumentation men el- och installationssystem behöver inte dokumenteras. Det finns även krav på utfasningsämnen men grundkraven är oftast inte svåra att klara av. Svanen ställer höga krav på byggnadsmaterialets innehåll men behandlar inte produkterna ur ett livscykelperspektiv. När det kommer till materialdatabaserna bedömer Basta enbart det kemiska innehållet och bygger på tillverkares egendeklaration. Byggvarubedömningen ställer krav på kemiskt innehåll och bedömer flest antal aspekter ur ett livscykelperspektiv. Hälften av livscykelkriterierna behöver bli godkända för att produkten ska rekommenderas. SundaHus ställer liknande krav på byggnadsmaterialets påverkan under hela dess livscykel men har något mer realistiska krav på bedömningen. De aspekterna som är svåra att bedöma är därför inte med i bedömningskriterierna. Viktiga skillnader mellan Byggvarubedömningen och SundaHus är att Byggvarubedömningen inte tar hänsyn till utfasningsämnen i tillverkningsskedet.

In the United States, Habitat for Humanity is at the forefront of the providing affordable housing to low income homeowners. Because of this work, Habit for Humanity is one of the leading homebuilders in the United States. A recent development in the assessment of home building is an increased emphasis on the use of technology and methods that reduce the impact of housing construction and occupation on the world’s environment. Numerous methods exist to assess this impact, a major one in the United States is the LEED system developed by the US Green Building Council. Two problems exist with the LEED system, one being cost and the time of preparation of the necessary paperwork. Other research work exists on these implementation problems for the broader community, but this study looks at the specific impact and impediments to obtaining LEED certification for Habit for Humanity housing, specifically in Texas. This study assesses Habit for Humanity affiliate’s involvement with LEED and sustainable building. This is accomplished in two parts, a survey and an analysis of LEED scorecards. To gauge the current state of sustainable building in Habitat for Humanity affiliates of Texas a survey was conducted. There were 15 participants out of 84 affiliates. The survey looked in to the current sustainable practices and barriers for the affiliates to participate in the LEED program. Then LEED score cards were obtained and analyzed, eleven scorecards total were obtained. Six scorecards were from homes built by Habitat for Humanity affiliates across the United States, and the other five scorecards came from a production home builder in Texas. The scorecards were then compared by determining the mean of points for each question. From this case study, the survey shows cost and knowledge to be the largest barriers to LEED certification. The data from the LEED scorecards showed Water Efficiency and Indoor Environmental Quality to be the two weakest categories for the HFH affiliates compared to the production homes. These barriers can potentially be overcome by the availability of grants for sustainable building and by educating the affiliates on LEED and sustainable building. The fact that HFH is a leader in affordable housing means if HFH affiliates can build to LEED standard so can other affordable builders.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2000--Dortmund. / Dateiformat: PDF.

Submitted by Gisely Teixeira (gisely.teixeira@uniceub.br) on 2018-06-16T14:29:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 51500817.pdf: 1716717 bytes, checksum: b7977e8cd1242b5ed57073ad7453f950 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-16T14:29:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 51500817.pdf: 1716717 bytes, checksum: b7977e8cd1242b5ed57073ad7453f950 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / Com a popularização da sustentabilidade, diversos setores da indústria e comércio tiveram que rever suas políticas e forma de atuação para conseguirem enquadrar suas atividades dentro desse conceito. Com a construção civil não foi diferente, e por ser um dos setores onde o consumo de materiais e energia são muito elevados, foram criadas diversas diretrizes para que se alcançasse a harmonia entre a produção, o ambiente e a comunidade local. Este trabalho busca conceituar a sustentabilidade dentro do parâmetro ambiental, econômico e social, além de abordar a questão das certificações ambientais, com foco no LEED. Os estudos de caso apresentados foram de dois edifícios comerciais em Brasília com certificação LEED, onde fora feita a análise buscando a ligação entre os conceitos sustentáveis e as soluções adotadas por cada edifício para se alcançar a certificação ambiental. Como resultado dos levantamentos, observou-se uma tendência dentre as soluções adotadas pelas edificações, o que pode tornar os sistemas cada vez mais acessíveis e comuns nas construções. E de que é possível mitigar os impactos ambientais gerados pela construção ao seguir as diretrizes apontadas pelos certificadores ambientais.

0 / SPK / specialcollections@tulane.edu