The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe the main properties of the legal judgment in a private law - legal effect and enforcement. The focus is on the accurate analysis of the traditional institutions of the private process. It is not examined only from the point of view of the valid legal regulation but also according to the reasoning of the legal theory and from the conclusions of the legal practice. Theoretical interpretation is often supported by practical examples that are used to improve the intelligibility of the thesis and understandability of individual problems. The diploma thesis is mainly focused on the issue of the legal effect of judgment. In relation with that there is explained the essence and purpose of this institution. Legal effect is conceived as the set of the specific properties (impacts), that the judgment acquires when the legal presumptions are fulfilled. There are defined the concepts of the formal and material legal effect including their mutual relation. Attention is also given to the individual impacts of the legal effect as the finality, the immutability and the obligation of the judgment. There is described not only its legal nature but also the specific utterances and consequences of its application. Following interpretation of bounds of the legal effect tries...

L’encadrement juridique d’une personne décédée par le prisme de ses dernières volontés est une situation ordinaire offerte à tout testateur, afin d’anticiper la gestion des conséquences de son décès. Bien que reconnues par le discours juridique comme un indicateur précieux des traitements posthumes à opérer, les dernières volontés ont un caractère supplétif et détiennent, en conséquence, une assise relative dans le discours juridique. Si ce constat prévaut toujours à la lecture des règles formelles, il n’en demeure pas moins que nombre de dernières volontés trouvent à éclore au moment du décès du sujet du droit, sans précisément que ce dernier n’ait effectué une démarche positive. Consacrées depuis la loi Cavaillet dans le cadre spécifique du don d’organes, les présomptions de dernières volontés se développent insidieusement, sans qu’il ne soit toujours possible, y compris pour la personne de son vivant, de connaître leur contenu et leur amplitude. En opérant de la sorte, le discours juridique livre un message inaudible qui atténue la légitimité des dernières volontés. Pourtant, si le travail législatif entrepris est indéniablement perfectible, il a le mérite de laisser entrevoir le statut juridique auquel pourrait désormais prétendre la personne décédée. Ne faut-il pas y voir le signe que l’encadrement juridique des personnes décédées ne devrait pas pouvoir s’opérer autrement que par les dernières volontés ? / The legal framework of deceased people through their last wills is an ordinary situation offered to any testator, in order to anticipate the management of the consequences of their death. Though acknowledged by the legal writings as a valuable indicator of the posthumous process to follow, last will and testament being, by nature, ancillary; it only holds a relative base in the legal discourse. If this observation always prevails over the reading of formal rules, many of the last wishes come out and take effect nonetheless when people die without them having necessarily actively carried out any procedure. Codified since the Cavaillet bill in the specific framework of organ donation, the presumption of last will has developed insidiously, without it being necessarily possible, including for the person during his or her lifetime, to have knowledge neither of their substance nor of their extent. Thus, the implied message one can read between the lines of our current legislation reduces the legitimacy of the last will. However, if the legislative work which has been undertaken is undeniably perfectible, it has the merit of showing the legal status which deceased people could now access. Shouldn’t one take this as a sign that the legal framework of deceased people should only be possible through the respect their last wills?

The dissertation presents several texts dealing with the freedom of assembly in international human rights law, foreign law and the Brazilian constitutional law. It is not mere reproduction of normative statements, includes research the legal discourse developed around that fundamental freedom by doctrine and jurisprudence in the various protection systems, while making a critical reflection, as befits academic research. This bias is related to the perspective of legal effect. On the other hand, from the perspective of social effectiveness, by intuitively notice the growing recurrence to the use of public space from the streets as a form of collective action with extensive diversity of repertoire and considerable consequences, academic study presents several episodes related to the demonstrations in Brazil and other countries illustrative for illustrative and representative title. The purpose is to understand the limits and possibilities of this fundamental freedom, closely linked to the development of democracy.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ / La disertacíón presenta varios textos que tratan de la libertad de reunión en el derecho internacional de derechos humanos, el derecho extranjero y el derecho constitucional brasileño. No es mera reproducción de enunciados normativos, incluye la investigación del discurso jurídico desarrollado en torno a esta libertad fundamental por la doctrina y la jurisprudencia en los diversos sistemas de protección, mientras que hace una reflexión crítica, como la investigación académica ser requiere. Este sesgo se relaciona con la perspectiva de efectos jurídicos. Por otro lado, desde la perspectiva de la eficacia social, a notar de modo intuitivo la creciente recurrencia al uso del espacio público de las calles como una forma de acción colectiva con una amplia diversidad de consecuencias repertorio y considerables, el estudio académico presenta varios episodios relacionados con la manifestación públicas en Brasil y otros países para el título ilustrativo y representativo. El objetivo es comprender los límites y las posibilidades de esta libertad fundamental, estrechamente vinculada al desarrollo de la democracia. / A dissertação apresenta diversos textos que tratam da liberdade de reunião no direito internacional dos direitos humanos, no direito constitucional estrangeiro e no direito constitucional brasileiro. Não se trata de mera reprodução de enunciados normativos, inclui a pesquisa o discurso jurídico desenvolvido em torno dessa liberdade fundamental pela doutrina e pela jurisprudência nos diversos sistemas de proteção, sem deixar de efetuar uma reflexão crítica, como é próprio de uma pesquisa acadêmica. Esse viés está relacionado à perspectiva da eficácia jurídica. Por outro lado, na perspectiva da efetividade social, ao se notar intuitivamente a crescente recorrência ao uso do espaço público das ruas como forma de ação coletiva com extensa diversidade de repertórios e consequências consideráveis, o estudo acadêmico apresenta vários episódios referentes a manifestações públicas no Brasil e em outros países a título ilustrativo e representativo. O propósito é compreender limites e possibilidades dessa liberdade fundamental, vinculada estreitamente ao desenvolvimento da democracia. / São Cristóvão, SE