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La manipulation idéologique dans l’édition et deux traductions de la Description de l’Afrique de Hassan El Wazzan / Jean-Léon l’AfricainChaib, Nabila 12 1900 (has links)
En 1526, Hassan El Wazzan / Jean-Léon l’Africain, achève à Rome la rédaction en italien du manuscrit du Libro della Cosmographia Dell’Africa, œuvre majeure considérée à la Renaissance comme l’une des principales sources de connaissance du continent africain en Europe. En 1550, un savant vénitien du nom de Jean-Baptiste Ramusio publie le texte italien de Jean-Léon dans un recueil de récits de voyages. L’édition, intitulée Descrizione dell’Africa (Description de l’Afrique), diffère significativement du manuscrit original. Elle subit maintes modifications par Ramusio dont l’objectif est de livrer un ouvrage qui répond aux attentes des Européens et qui correspond à l’image que l’Occident chrétien se faisait du monde musulman. Cette version a servi de texte de départ aux nombreuses traductions qui ont suivi. La première traduction française, datant de 1556, est réalisée par Jean Temporal, éditeur et imprimeur lyonnais. La deuxième, parue en 1956 et rééditée en 1980, est l’œuvre d’Alexis Épaulard; elle s’appuie partiellement sur le manuscrit original, mais aussi sur la version imprimée de Ramusio. Notre travail consiste à confronter les deux traductions françaises à l’édition de Ramusio. Nous tenterons de démontrer que les deux traducteurs français sont lourdement intervenus dans le texte traduit, et ce afin de servir des desseins expansionnistes et colonialistes. Notre recherche met en évidence la prise de position des traducteurs et les idéologies qui affectent l’appréciation du livre. Pour ce faire, nous procédons à l’analyse des traductions au niveau textuel et au niveau paratextuel tout en mettant en évidence le contexte historique et politico-idéologique entourant la parution de ces deux traductions françaises. Nous consacrons une attention toute particulière au choix des mots, aux allusions et aux stratégies utilisées par les traducteurs et les éditeurs. Les travaux de Maria Tymoczko sur la traduction et l’engagement politique fournissent le cadre de référence théorique de cette recherche, tout autant que les textes d’Edward Said sur l’orientalisme et le postcolonialisme. Il ressort de cette recherche que ces traductions françaises sont empreintes d’une idéologie eurocentrée visant à conforter les ambitions hégémoniques en terre africaine. / In Rome in 1526, Hassan Al-Wazzan / Ioannes Leo Africanus completed the writing of the Libro della Cosmographia Dell’Africa, a major work of the Renaissance which was seen in Europe as one of the main sources of knowledge about the African continent. In 1550, a Venetian scholar named Giovanni Batista Ramusio published an Italian version of Leo’s work in a collection of travel narratives. This edition entitled Descrizione dell’Africa (Description of Africa), however, differs considerably from Leo’s original manuscript. Ramusio made numerous changes so as to produce a text that would meet European expectations and foster an image of the Muslim world that corresponded with the preconceptions of the Christian West. This version has served as the source text for many of the translations that followed. The first French translation was by Jean Temporal in 1556, a publisher and printer based in Lyon. A second translation was first published in 1956 and then reissued in 1980. This version by Alexis Épaulard is partly based on Leo’s original manuscript, but mainly on Ramusio’s version. This thesis compares the two French translations with Ramusio’s text. The thesis shows that the two French translators heavily intervened in the translated text in order to serve colonialist and expansionist goals. This research highlights the translators’ position as well as the ideologies conveyed by their interventions. The analysis is done at the text and the paratext levels. It also focuses on the historical, political, and ideological context surrounding these translations. Particular attention is paid to lexical choices, allusions and the strategies used by the translators and editors. The works by Maria Tymoczko on translation and political engagement, as well as the texts of Edward Said on orientalism and postcolonial studies, provide the theoretical framework for this research. The analysis shows that the French translations are tinged with a Eurocentric ideology which aims to reinforce hegemonic ambitions in Africa.
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Habemus Africas: Islã, Renascimento e África em João Leão Africano (século XVI) / Habemus Africas: Islam, Renaissance and Africa in Leo Africanus (sixteenth century)Meihy, Murilo Sebe Bon 11 June 2013 (has links)
A obra mais emblemática do viajante do século XVI João Leão Africano, intitulada Della descrittione dell\'Africa et delle cose notabli che ivi sono, sugere a existência de duas racionalidades integradas: a árabe-islâmica e a europeia-latina. A presente tese busca identificar essas duas camadas de racionalidade no trabalho de João Leão Africano, mostrando que o século XVI produziu um conhecimento plural entre essas duas matrizes culturais, que se relacionavam intensamente no período do Renascimento. Seja pela perspectiva de conflito, pela interação cultural ou pela negociação comercial entre povos cristãos e muçulmanos, o Norte da África e o Mediterrâneo se consolidaram no século XVI como espaços simbióticos. Esses elementos conjunturais, combinados à trajetória pessoal de João Leão Africano e sua relação com o Papa Leão X, moldaram sua visão sobre a África por meio de uma concepção fluida e intersticial do continente. A reflexão sobre o mundo moderno do referido viajante é reforçada pela formação de um padrão de pensamento definido por conceitos como: astúcia, tradução cultural, Fortuna, vergonha, incerteza, e fluidez civilizacional. / The most representative work of the sixteenth century traveler Leo Africanus, entitled Della descrittione dell\'Africa et delle cose che notabli ivi sono, suggests the existence of two intertwined rationalities: the Arab-Islamic and the European-Latin. This research seeks to identify these two layers of rationality in the work of Leo Africanus, showing that the sixteenth century produced plural knowledge between these two cultural sources, intensely connected during the Renaissance. Either from the perspective of conflict, of the cultural interaction or of the commercial negotiation between Christian and Muslim peoples, North Africa and the Mediterranean developed in the sixteenth century as symbiotic spaces. These circumstantial elements, combined with the personal path of Leo Africanus, and his relationship with Pope Leo X, shaped his view of Africa through a fluid and interstitial conception of the continent. Leo Africanus idea about the modern world is strengthened by a thought pattern raised and defined by concepts such as cunning, cultural translation, Fortuna, shame, uncertainty, and civilization fluidity.
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Habemus Africas: Islã, Renascimento e África em João Leão Africano (século XVI) / Habemus Africas: Islam, Renaissance and Africa in Leo Africanus (sixteenth century)Murilo Sebe Bon Meihy 11 June 2013 (has links)
A obra mais emblemática do viajante do século XVI João Leão Africano, intitulada Della descrittione dell\'Africa et delle cose notabli che ivi sono, sugere a existência de duas racionalidades integradas: a árabe-islâmica e a europeia-latina. A presente tese busca identificar essas duas camadas de racionalidade no trabalho de João Leão Africano, mostrando que o século XVI produziu um conhecimento plural entre essas duas matrizes culturais, que se relacionavam intensamente no período do Renascimento. Seja pela perspectiva de conflito, pela interação cultural ou pela negociação comercial entre povos cristãos e muçulmanos, o Norte da África e o Mediterrâneo se consolidaram no século XVI como espaços simbióticos. Esses elementos conjunturais, combinados à trajetória pessoal de João Leão Africano e sua relação com o Papa Leão X, moldaram sua visão sobre a África por meio de uma concepção fluida e intersticial do continente. A reflexão sobre o mundo moderno do referido viajante é reforçada pela formação de um padrão de pensamento definido por conceitos como: astúcia, tradução cultural, Fortuna, vergonha, incerteza, e fluidez civilizacional. / The most representative work of the sixteenth century traveler Leo Africanus, entitled Della descrittione dell\'Africa et delle cose che notabli ivi sono, suggests the existence of two intertwined rationalities: the Arab-Islamic and the European-Latin. This research seeks to identify these two layers of rationality in the work of Leo Africanus, showing that the sixteenth century produced plural knowledge between these two cultural sources, intensely connected during the Renaissance. Either from the perspective of conflict, of the cultural interaction or of the commercial negotiation between Christian and Muslim peoples, North Africa and the Mediterranean developed in the sixteenth century as symbiotic spaces. These circumstantial elements, combined with the personal path of Leo Africanus, and his relationship with Pope Leo X, shaped his view of Africa through a fluid and interstitial conception of the continent. Leo Africanus idea about the modern world is strengthened by a thought pattern raised and defined by concepts such as cunning, cultural translation, Fortuna, shame, uncertainty, and civilization fluidity.
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