The Geometrinae, commonly known as emerald moths, are a diverse group of Lepidoptera with over 450 Neotropical species. However, Caribbean Geometrinae have received relatively little attention compared to the Geometrinae of mainland Central and South America. Using the method of Lee and Brown (2006), whole body mounts of descaled specimens of both Caribbean and mainland Neotropical Geometrinae were prepared. Morphological variation of exo- and endoskeletal characters among species, genera, and tribes of Neotropical Geometrinae is described. A faunistic study of Caribbean Geometrinae was also conducted using material from museums and private collections. The study includes definitions of species of Caribbean Geometrinae, descriptions of new species, and illustrations of adult imagos, genitalia, and other external characters. A key to the species of Caribbean Geometrinae is also provided.

No description available.

The composition of neotropical fruit-feeding nymphalid butterflies assemblages often varies by location and stratum within a forest. Recent work has shown that vertical stratification in particular may serve as barrier to gene flow, indicating the potential role vertical stratification may play in evolution. At forest edges, the distinction between assemblages has been described to decrease, with species considered to be canopy specialists descending to the forest understory. The similarity in light conditions between the canopy and understory strata at edges or disturbed habitat is hypothesized to be responsible for this phenomenon. We conducted a study using standardized sampling to document and quantify this edge effect, characterize edge and forest strata, and estimate the relative contributions of temperature and light conditions on nymphalid stratification. We found strong evidence of an edge effect in butterflies and confirmed strong differences in light and temperature showing that the edge understory differs little from forest canopy conditions. However, analyses here did not clearly implicate temperature or light in causing changes in neotropical nymphalid vertical stratification at forest edges.

Tineola bisselliella, the webbing clothes moth, is an economically important, globally distributed, synanthropic pest species. Tineola bisselliella is a member of Tineidae, the fungus moth family, which is a basal moth lineage in Lepidoptera. They are facultatively keratinophagous and can digest both keratin and detritus. The mechanism of keratin digestion has mostly been investigated from a symbiotic lens and is specifically thought to be performed by Bacillus bacterium that have been found in the gut of T. bisselliella larvae. However, expression of candidate digestion genes postulated to be in the genome have also been hypothesized as a probable mechanism. Here, we present the first draft de novo reference genome assembly and annotation for this species to investigate of the presence of keratin digestion genes, chromosomal synteny, and the evolution of the ancestral karyotype. Our final pseudochromosome-level assembly, which was assembled using syntenic comparisons with the closely related species Tinea pellionella, is 243.630 Mb and has an N50 length of 8.708 Mb. To facilitate quality genome annotation, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated a transcriptome. The annotated transcriptome had 13,615 protein-coding genes, while the final annotated genome contains 11,267 genes; 10,769 genes were functionally identified. We also performed systematic synteny comparisons of our T. bisselliella genome assembly and other basal moths and butterflies to investigate chromosome evolution. Comparison of synteny conservation between Melitea cinxia, which possesses the ancestral lepidopteran karyotype, and Tineola bisselliella suggests small fragmentation and fusion events were the mechanism by which Tineola bisselliella’s karyotype was reduced. This contrasts observations in other Lepidoptera with reduced karyotypes (e.g., Heliconius melpomene), which have undergone whole chromosomal fusion events. Finally, we performed preliminary differential gene expression and gene ontology enrichment analyses to investigate the adaptation of the ability to digest keratin in this organism. Tineola bisselliella adults do not ingest or digest food; therefore, we hypothesized genes related to keratin digestion would be enriched in larvae when compared to adults. Differential expression analysis of RNA sequencing data revealed 5,066 genes significantly differentially expressed between larval and adult stages out of 39,404 genes in the assembled and annotated transcriptome. GO enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed significant enrichment of GO terms associated with DNA replication in adults and enrichment of GO terms associated with serine proteases, oxidative-reduction reaction enzymes, and other proteases in larvae. Depletion of GO terms related to DNA replication in larvae suggest they were experiencing a nutrient poor environment when reared in the lab and entered larval diapause to slow their development and conserve energy. Our observations are consistent with previous research that found DNA replication was slowed in other Lepidoptera during diapause. Our data also illustrates in larvae digesting keratin, GO terms associated with serine proteases and oxidative-reduction reaction enzymes as well as other proteases are enriched. This suggests they are involved in the digestion process of keratin. However, this does not rule out that symbiotic bacteria that express keratinases are also part of this process. Future experiments should include differential expression and GO enrichment analyses with a larger sample size to confirm the results we obtained. Additionally functional experiments should be performed to investigate the expression of serine proteases, oxidative-reduction reaction enzymes, and other proteases in larvae in the absence of symbionts to determine if these ancestral digestion genes were able to facilitate the transition to a facultative keratin diet.

No description available.

A influência antrópica em habitats naturais pode causar perda e fragmentação florestal. Esse processo altera a quantidade de espécies, comprometendo a conservação biológica. Os efeitos da fragmentação dependem, dentre outras características, da conectividade entre os remanescentes. A conectividade funcional depende de como um organismo percebe e responde à estrutura da paisagem. Entender os fatores que determinam a qualidade da matriz para os organismos e entender o movimento animal são etapas essenciais para guiar iniciativas de conservação em paisagens fragmentadas. Como as borboletas são indicadas para o monitoramento ambiental, a partir da caracterização do movimento de indivíduos da espécie de borboletas Heliconius erato, foi possível inferir a respeito da sua capacidade de percepção e analisar a conectividade funcional da paisagem estudada. O estudo foi realizado na porção norte do município de Batatais, no interior do estado de São Paulo. Foi realizada a translocação de 78 indivíduos para a matriz a diferentes distâncias em relação a floresta e observado o seu caminho de retorno para a floresta. A taxa de retorno dos indivíduos translocados ao fragmento em função da distância foi avaliada pela análise de sobrevivência de Cox em conjunto com a razão entre os indivíduos que retornaram pela quantidade total por distância. A tortuosidade dos trajetos foi avaliada através da análise de Passos Aleatórios Correlacionados em conjunto com a razão entre a distância efetiva e a soma dos comprimentos para cada trajetória. Foi realizada uma análise de variância para avaliar se há diferenças de tortuosidade entre as distâncias. Para relacionar esse índice com a distância à floresta foram utilizados modelos lineares generalizados. Esses modelos foram comparados através do AICc. A orientação dos ângulos foi analisada através de estatística circular com teste de Rayleigh, teste-V e histogramas. Conforme aumenta a distância, diminui a quantidade de indivíduos que retornam à floresta. A taxa de retorno cai pela metade na distância de 150m. A partir da análise de Cox notou-se que a distância influencia a taxa de retorno dos indivíduos em conjunto com a tortuosidade e o local de soltura. A hora do dia e o local de soltura explicaram a variação na tortuosidade. A análise dos ângulos demonstrou que a partir de 150m os voos se tornam aleatórios. Dessa forma, para garantir a conservação do gênero Heliconius em paisagens agrícolas que incluem cultivos estruturalmente distintos dos fragmentos florestais é necessário manter uma distância de no máximo 100 metros entre os fragmentos. / The anthropic influence on natural habitats may cause forest loss and fragmentation. This process changes species richness, compromising their conservation. The effects of forest fragmentation depend, among other factors, on the functional connectivity, namely on how an organism perceives and responds to the landscape structure. Understanding the factors that determine the quality of the matrix for the organisms and understanding animal movement are essential steps to guide conservation initiatives on fragmented landscapes. Therefore, from the movement characterization of the butterfly species Heliconius erato, which is indicated as a good surrogate for environmental monitoring, it was possible to infer about its perception capacity and to analyze landscape functional connectivity for this species. The study was conducted in the Northern region of Batatais, São Paulo. The translocation of 78 Heliconius erato individuals was conducted to non-forested matrix at different distances from forest patches and their paths back to the forest were actively recorded. The rate of return of the translocated individuals to their original forest patch as a function of the distance was evaluated with Cox survival analysis together with the ratio between the individuals which returned and the total amount per distance. Path tortuosity was measured through the Correlated Random Walk analysis together with the ratio between the effective distance and the sum of lengths for each path. An ANOVA was conducted to check for tortuosity differences between distances. To relate this index with the distance to the forest, generalized linear models were used. These models were compared through AICc. The angles orientation was analyzed through circular statistics with Rayleigh test, V-test and histograms. As distance increased the number of individuals returning to the forest decreased. The return rate dropped to 50% at 150m. Through Cox analysis it was noted that the distance together with tortuosity and release site influenced the return rate. The time of the day and the release site explained the tortuosity range. Angle analysis showed that as further than 150m the flights become random. Therefore, to ensure the conservation of the Heliconius genus in agricultural landscapes that include structurally distinct crops from forest fragments it is important to maintain a 100m mean inter-patch distance.

Submitted by Eunice Novais (enovais@uepg.br) on 2018-05-07T19:38:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Gizele Baldo.pdf: 5751948 bytes, checksum: df4e7c4c9be199c089c189cbe28764f0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-07T19:38:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Gizele Baldo.pdf: 5751948 bytes, checksum: df4e7c4c9be199c089c189cbe28764f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os vírus de poliedrose nuclear são importantes agentes de controle microbiano de larvas de lepidópteros. No entanto, sua atividade pode ser comprometida durante a interação com suas plantas hospedeiras. Entender como ocorre a interação do vírus da lagarta Chrysodeixis includens, ChinNPV, com dois de seus hospedeiros, soja e algodão, pode auxiliar a expandir o uso de pesticidas biológicos amenizando suas limitações. A interação planta/vírus foi estudada a fim de verificar a influência da planta sobre o processo de infecção, alterando a forma e o momento em que as larvas se alimentam desses substratos. Os tratamentos foram: disco de folha, incorporação de folha (liofilizada e seca em estufa) em dieta, alimentação com substrato foliar antes da inoculação viral, persistência e exposição do vírus sobre a planta. As avaliações foram realizadas até o 10º ou 12º dias após a inoculação, quando foram determinados o peso e o estágio de desenvolvimento de cada sobrevivente. Os dados de mortalidade foram submetidos à análise de sobrevivência com riscos competitivos e os demais dados à ANOVA. Alterações histopatológicas no intestino médio das lagartas alimentadas com folhas de soja e algodão e inoculadas com o ChinNPV foram analisadas por microscopia de luz. A fixação das partículas virais foi avaliada através da extração da cera epicuticular com cinco solventes, seguida de aplicação, lavagem e contagem do vírus remanescentes. Fixação, morfologia e persistência dos poliedros sobre folhas de soja e algodão, em ambiente controlado e campo, foram avaliadas por MEV em diferentes períodos. A mortalidade das lagartas foi comprometida pelo algodão em quase todos os bioensaios realizados. A inoculação do NPV sobre discos de folha de soja resultou em mortalidades semelhantes à dieta. No entanto, quando tecidos liofilizados foram incorporados à dieta, os folíolos de soja reduziram a mortalidade de C. includens por NPV, com mortalidade análoga à provocada pelo algodão e, quando secos em estufa, a mortalidade larval foi intermediária, entre o apresentado pela dieta artificial e as folhas de algodão. Quando o vírus foi exposto na superfície da soja e posteriormente recuperado, o tempo de contato com a folha (72h) reduziu a atividade do vírus, o mesmo não foi válido para o algodão. A análise histopatológica mostrou desestruturação das células epiteliais no tratamento de alimentação prévia com folha, entretanto este fenômeno não alterou a mortalidade das lagartas. Enquanto em campo, a distribuição dos poliedros foi uniforme no filoplano das duas culturas, no laboratório, os poliedros formaram agregados sobre a superfície da soja. Já quando a cera epicuticular foi removida, a interação da folha com o vírus foi afetada. A atividade do ChinNPV foi comprometida tanto por folhas de soja quanto algodão, sendo que a persistência do vírus começa a reduzir após o terceiro dia de contato com o filoplano. Foi possível observar que a inativação do vírus somente ocorre quando folha de algodão e vírus são fornecidos em conjunto, enquanto na soja, o tempo de contato do vírus com a folha parece influenciar reduzindo a mortalidade das lagartas. Assim, seria interessante estudar formulações e doses para compensar a perda de atividade viral provocada pelos tecidos foliares. / Nucleopolyhedrovirus are important microbial control agents of lepidopteran larvae. However, their activity may be compromised during interaction with their host plants. Understanding the interaction process of the caterpillar virus Chrysodeixis includens, ChinNPV, with two of its hosts, soybean and cotton, may help to expand the use of biological pesticides by alleviating their limitations. The plant/virus interaction was studied in order to verify the influence of the plant on the infection process, changing the form and the moment in which the larvae feed on these substrates. The treatments were: leaf disc, incorporation of leaf (lyophilized and oven-dried) in diet, feeding with leaf substrate before viral inoculation, persistence, and virus exposure on the plant. Evaluations were carried out until the 10th or 12th days after inoculation, when the weight and stage of development of each survivor were determined. Mortality data were submitted to survival analysis with competitive risks and the other data to ANOVA. Histopathological changes in the midgut of caterpillars fed with soybean and cotton leaves and inoculated with ChinNPV were analyzed by light microscopy. Fixation of the virus particles was evaluated by extracting the epicuticular wax with five solvents followed by the application, washing and counting of the remaining virus. Fixation, morphology and persistence of the polyhedra on soybean and cotton leaves, under controlled environment and field, were evaluated by SEM on different periods. The mortality of caterpillars was compromised by cotton in almost all bioassays performed. NPV inoculation on soybean leaf discs resulted in diet-like mortalities. However, when lyophilized tissues were incorporated into the diet, soybean leaflets reduced the mortality of C. includens by NPV, with mortality similar to that caused by cotton, and when drying in oven, the larval mortality was intermediate between that presented by artificial diet and cotton leaves. When the virus was exposed on the soybean surface and later recovered, the time of contact with the leaf (72h) reduced the activity of the virus; the same was not true for cotton. The histopathological analysis showed disruption of epithelial cells in treatments of previous leaf feeding; however, this phenomenon did not change the mortality of caterpillars. While in the field, the polyhedra distribution was uniform on the phylloplane of the two cultures, in the laboratory, the polyhedra formed aggregates on the surface of the soybean. Already when the epicuticular wax was removed, the interaction of the leaf with the virus was affected. The activity of ChinNPV was compromised by both soybean and cotton leaves, and the persistence of the virus begins to decrease after the third day of contact with the phylloplane. It was possible to observe that the inactivation of the virus only occurs when cotton leaf and virus are supplied together, while in soybean, the time of contact of the virus with the leaf seems to influence, reducing the mortality of the caterpillars. Thus, it would be interesting to study formulations and doses to compensate for the loss of viral activity caused by foliar tissues.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-19T17:46:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Carolina Moreno dos Santos - 2017.pdf: 3257702 bytes, checksum: 16f671b0b91f5119f3898a4b0cba8314 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-07-20T10:59:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Carolina Moreno dos Santos - 2017.pdf: 3257702 bytes, checksum: 16f671b0b91f5119f3898a4b0cba8314 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-20T10:59:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Carolina Moreno dos Santos - 2017.pdf: 3257702 bytes, checksum: 16f671b0b91f5119f3898a4b0cba8314 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Arctiinae is one of the most diverse and cosmopolitan subfamilies of Lepidoptera, and is composed of four tribes: Lithosiini, Amerilini, Syntomini and Arctiini. In the Neotropics occur Arctiini and Lithosiini only. Moths of these two tribes are very different in body size, coloration patterns, diet, in the type of secondary compounds they sequester, and in habitat use. The morphological, physiological, and behavioral characteristics of these moths are very important in influencing their distribution in the environment. The distribution of species can also be highly influenced by deterministics (based in the niche models, like as ecological interactions and environmental filtering) and stochastic processes (i.e.: ecological drift, dispersion limitations, random speciation and extinction). To answer which processes best determine the distribution of Arctiinae moths, this Thesis was composed by three chapters. In the first chapter I tested which model of metacommunity (related to environmental and spatial variables) best determine the distribution of groups of species: common, rare, habitat specialist, habitat generalist and species belonging to tribes Arctiini and Lithosiini. In the second chapter, I tested if the functional structure of Arctiini and of Lithosiini and if the phylogenetic structure of Arctiini are influenced in the same way by stochastic and deterministic processes. Arctiinae moths (both tribes) were influenced by environmental (also related to deterministic processes) and spatial (also related to stochastic processes) variables, but the environment was more important to the majority of the groups of taxonomic diversity (chapter 1) and to the functional and phylogenetic diversities (chapter 2). As the deterministic processes are very important to determine the distribution of Arctiinae on communities, in the third chapter I tested which deterministic process (specifically, antagonic interactions or environmental filtering) is more important in determine the functional structure of these moths along different physiognomies and in two marked weather seasons, characteristics of the study area. The results showed that Arctiinae moths are strongly influenced by environmental filters, and that antagonistic interactions (i.e. competition) are not so important in determine the functional structure of Arctiinae moths on communities. / Arctiinae, uma das subfamílias mais diversas e cosmopolitas de Lepidoptera, é dividida em quatro tribos: Lithosiini, Amerilini, Syntomini e Arctiini. Somente Arctiini e Lithosiini ocorrem nos Neotrópicos. Apesar de serem da mesma subfamília, mariposas destas duas tribos Neotropicais se diferenciam muito em tamanho, padrões de coloração, dieta, tipo de substância secundária que sequestram e uso de habitat. Todas as diferenças morfológicas, fisiológicas e comportamentais destas mariposas influenciam muito em suas distribuições ao longo de gradientes ambientais. A distribuição das espécies também pode ser fortemente influenciada por processos determinísticos (baseados em modelos de nicho, como por exemplo, interações ecológicas e filtragem ambiental) e por processos estocásticos (exemplos: deriva ecológica, limitação na dispersão, especiação e extinção aleatórias). Para responder quais processos melhor determinam a distribuição de mariposas Arctiinae, esta Tese foi composta por três capítulos. No primeiro capítulo testei qual modelo de metacomunidades (relacionados com variáveis ambientais e espaciais), melhor determinam a distribuição de espécies comuns, raras, especialistas de habitat, generalistas de habitat e de espécies pertencentes às tribos Arctiini e Lithosiini. No segundo capítulo testei se a estrutura funcional de Arctiini e de Lithosiini e se a estrutura filogenética de Arctiini são influenciadas da mesma forma por processos estocásticos e determinísticos. Mariposas Arctiinae foram influenciadas tanto por variáveis ambientais (relacionadas a processos determinísticos) quanto por espaciais (relacionadas a processos estocásticos), mas o ambiente foi mais importante tanto para a maioria dos grupos da diversidade taxonômica (capítulo 1) quanto para as diversidades funcional e filogenética (capítulo 2). Como os processos determinísticos são muito importantes em determinar a distribuição de Arctiinae ao longo das comunidades, no terceiro capítulo testei qual destes processos determinísticos (especificamente se interações antagônicas ou se filtragem ambiental) é mais importante em determinar a estrutura funcional de mariposas Arctiinae ao longo de diferentes fitofisionomias e de diferentes estações climáticas, marcantes da área de estudo. Os resultados mostraram que mariposas Arctiinae são fortemente influenciadas por filtros ambientais, e que interações antagônicas (ex.: exclusão competitiva) não são tão importantes em determinar a estrutura funcional de mariposas Arctiinae nas comunidades.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T14:17:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sostenez.pdf: 5444547 bytes, checksum: 0e57c73e9d81ba62bd8cce82698d43f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-17 / Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is an entomopathogenic and poliorganotrophic virus that infects Bombyx mori. BmNPV consists of a double strand DNA with two distinct phenotypes: the derived polyhedral virus (PDV), responsible for the primary infection in the insect s midgut; and the budded virus (BV), which disperses the infection in the hemocele, causing secondary or systemic infection. It is extremely virulent and when it infects silkworms, causes serious damages to the insect, usually leading to its death or harming the silk production, affecting all the productive chain, leading to economic losses. For a good silk production, a determinant factor is the functioning of the food duct, which is divided in foregut, midgut and hindgut, being the hindgut the place for water and mineral salts absorption and for the end of the digestive process. Several tissues have been established as virus targets, however, others have shown to be resilient to BmNPV. Given the importance of the hindgut, the present paper aimed to verify the susceptibility of its components, ileum, colon and rectum to an geographic isolated of BmNPV in Paraná, Brasil, the BmMNPV. In different post-inoculation days (dpi), the hindgut segment of 5th instar silkworms was dissected and processed for analysis in light microscopy, using conventional dyes and cytochemistry for viral detection and electronic scanning microscopy for the morphological details. The results revealed that the ileum, colon and rectum of the B. mori are constituted by simple epithelium, with alterations in cell morphology, covered by an intima in its luminal side, and that its organization is similar to that of other described insects. The cytological analysis of the ileum, colon and fore rectum revealed that its epithelial cells are not susceptible to BmMNPV in neither of the times analyzed. However, the posterior hindgut or anal duct showed itself to be susceptible to the virus after the 5º dpi, developing all the classic signs described for the infection with AlphaBV, as the presence of viroplasm, nuclear hypertrophy, polyhedra in formation and mature ones. At the end of the infectious cycle, occurs cell lysis with the liberation of viral polyhedra in the intestinal lumen and, consequently, to the external medium, coinciding with the death of the insect. Even with no infection in the other regions of the hindgut, the surrounding tissues have shown infected, affecting the normal functioning of this intestinal region, verified through changes in fecal pellet, which was less compact and changed format. These results will contribute in the establishment of the BmMNPV infectious cycle. Furthermore, the basic knowledge of viral behavior is important for the development of infection control, prevention and previous identification methods of this disease in the field, once it also makes possible the removal of infected silkworms, diminishing the horizontal transmission of the virus in the creation rooms, in a way to reduce the loss of cocoons to be used in the confection of silk yarn / Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus multiple (BmMNPV) é um vírus entomopatogênico e poliorganotrófico, constituído por DNA fita dupla e apresenta dois fenótipos distintos: o vírus poliédrico derivado, responsável pela infecção primária no intestino médio do inseto; e o vírus broto, que se dispersa na hemocele causando a infecção secundária ou sistêmica. É extremamente virulento e quando infecta lagartas do bicho-da-seda, causa sérios danos ao inseto, geralmente levando-o à morte ou prejudicando a produção da seda, comprometendo toda a sua cadeia produtiva e gerando prejuízos econômicos. Para uma boa produção de seda, um fator determinante é o funcionamento do canal alimentar, que nos insetos é dividido em anterior, médio e posterior, sendo o posterior, local de absorção de água e sais minerais e da finalização do processo digestório. Vários tecidos já foram estabelecidos como alvos do BmMNPV, entretanto outros se mostraram resistentes. Dada a importância do intestino posterior, o presente trabalho objetivou verificar a susceptibilidade de seus componentes, íleo, cólon e reto de lagartas de B. mori do 5° instar ao BmMNPV isolado geográfico do Paraná. Em diferentes dias pós-inoculação (dpi), o intestino posterior foi dissecado e processado para análise em microscopia de luz, utilizando colorações convencionais e citoquímica para detecção viral, e microscopia eletrônica de varredura, para os detalhes morfológicos. Os resultados revelaram que o íleo, cólon e reto de B. mori apresentou morfologia semelhante a de outros lepidópteros. A análise citopatológica do íleo, cólon e o reto anterior revelou que suas células epiteliais não são susceptíveis ao BmMNPV, em nenhum dos tempos analisados. Já o reto posterior ou canal anal, mostrou-se susceptível ao vírus a partir do 5º dpi, desenvolvendo todos os sinais clássicos descritos para a infecção com o AlphaBV, como presença de viroplasma, hipertrofia nuclear, poliedros em formação e maduros. No final do ciclo infeccioso, ocorre a lise celular com a liberação dos poliedros virais para luz intestinal e, consequentemente, para o meio externo, coincidindo com a morte do inseto. Mesmo não havendo infecção nas demais regiões do intestino posterior, os tecidos circunvizinhos se mostraram infectados, o que possivelmente afetou o funcionamento normal desta região, sendo visíveis as modificações na formação do pellet fecal, que se mostrou menos compacto e com alterações no formato. Os resultados obtidos irão contribuir no estabelecimento do ciclo infeccioso deste patógeno. Além disso, o conhecimento básico do comportamento viral é importante para o desenvolvimento de métodos de controle da infecção, prevenção e identificação prévia desta doença no campo, pois, possibilita ainda, a retirada de lagartas infectadas, diminuindo a transmissão horizontal do vírus nos barracões de criação, de forma a reduzir a perda de casulos, a serem utilizados na confecção dos fios de seda

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T14:17:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AMPOLA DOS _ MALPIGHI DE Bombyx mori PELO ALPHABACULOVIRUS.pdf: 2176663 bytes, checksum: 866566cf54573cb621db0597bbb30516 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is an entomopathogenic virus Baculoviridae family, Alphabaculovirus genre, which infects the silkworm, Bombyx mori and causes nuclear polyhedrosis disease. A viral geographic isolated from BmNPV was identified in the state of Paraná, Brazil, and a number of organs and target tissues were identified, but there is no information about the infection of Malpighian tubules (MT). MT make up the excretory system of B. mori, acting in the elimination of toxic substances and electrolyte homeostasis. This study aimed to analyze the behavior on the susceptibility and cytopathology of MT B. mori to BmNPV. Therefore, hybrid B.mori caterpillars at 5º instar, were inoculated experimentally with a viral suspension of BmNPV. On different days post-inoculation (dpi), the 4° to 9° dpi, MT segments were collected, divided in regions of the ampullae, proximal, medial and distal; following the processing for light and electron microscopy transmission. Material control followed the same process that the inoculated. The results showed that B. mori MT showed variations in their morphology and susceptibility to BmNPV according to the analyzed region. Thus, the region of the ampullae in its transition area to the proximal, appeared susceptible to BmNPV, from 6° dpi, while other regions showed no evidence of infection by the pathogen. The transition area is a small region which is located at the end of the ampullae and the beginning of the proximal region of MT. The cellular morphology of simple lining epithelium showed continuous variation of pavement, characteristic of the ampullae, the cylindrical, in the transition area; already continuous with the proximal region of MT, this morphological change was abruptly. The cytopathology revealed in hypertrophic nucleus, viroplasm containing the nucleocapsid and viral polyhedra. At the end of the infectious cycle was observed cytolysis of infected cells, releasing polyhedra in the extracellular medium, both in hemocele as in MT lumen, a factor that may favor the transmission of the disease. Thus, infection of the ampullae in its transition area to the proximal region, will contribute to greater scientific knowledge of cytopathology aspects and targets of infection from this virus isolated geographical, for the establishment of its infectious cycle of the insect's body BmNPV / Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) é um vírus entomopatogênico da família Baculoviridae, gênero Alphabaculovirus, que infecta o bicho-da-seda, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) e causa a doença poliedrose nuclear. Um isolado geográfico viral do BmNPV foi identificado no estado do Paraná, Brasil, e uma série de órgãos e tecidos alvos foram identificados, porém não há informações sobre a infecção dos túbulos de Malpighi (TM). Os TM compõem o sistema excretor de B. mori, atuando na eliminação de substâncias tóxicas e na homeostase hidroeletrolítica. Assim, este estudo objetivou analisar o comportamento referente à susceptibilidade e citopatologia dos TM de B. mori ao BmNPV. Para tanto, lagartas híbridas de B. mori, 5° instar, foram inoculadas experimentalmente com uma suspensão viral de BmNPV. Em diferentes dias pós-inoculação (dpi), do 4° ao 9° dpi, segmentos dos TM foram coletados, subdivididos nas regiões da ampola, proximal, média e distal; seguindo o processamento para as microscopias de luz e eletrônica de transmissão. Material controle seguiu o mesmo processamento que o inoculado. Os resultados demonstraram que os TM de B. mori, apresentaram variação na sua morfologia e susceptibilidade ao BmNPV de acordo com a região analisada. Assim, a região da ampola, na sua área de transição com a proximal, se apresentou susceptível ao BmNPV, a partir do 6° dpi, enquanto as demais regiões não evidenciaram indícios de infecção pelo patógeno. A área de transição é uma pequena região que se localiza ao término da ampola e inicio da região proximal do TM. A morfologia celular do epitélio de revestimento simples apresentou variação continua de pavimentoso, característico da ampola, a cilíndrico, na sua área de transição; já na continuidade com a região proximal do TM, esta variação morfológica foi abrupta. A citopatologia revelou no núcleo hipertrófico, o viroplasma, contendo os nucleocapsídeos e os poliedros virais. Ao final do ciclo infeccioso foi verificado a citólise de células infectadas, liberando poliedros no meio extracelular, tanto na hemocele como no lúmen do TM, fator que pode favorecer a transmissão da doença. Assim, a infecção da ampola, na sua área de transição com a região proximal, irá contribuir com um maior conhecimento científico dos aspectos citopatológicos e dos alvos de infecção deste isolado geográfico viral, visando o estabelecimento do seu ciclo infeccioso do BmNPV no corpo do inseto.