[pt] A presente dissertação foi construída segundo a abordagem ético-inclusiva da Prática Exploratória (ALLWRIGHT, 2000), e sob a ótica da Linguística Aplicada Indisciplinar (MOITA LOPES, 2006). A pesquisa originou-se a partir de conversas com meus alunos - estudantes do 6º ano de uma escola privada do Rio de Janeiro - sobre as maneiras com que as aulas remotas de inglês no período pandêmico, no segundo semestre de 2020, foram construídas colaborativamente, e sobre os entendimentos emergentes das práticas pedagógicas promovidas pelo grupo. A partir da pergunta instigante inicial – Para quem eu planejo as minhas aulas? – nos permitimos problematizar a validade de planejamentos feitos de maneira unilateral – somente pelo professor – questionando também a relevância dos métodos de avaliação utilizados para verificar uma aprendizagem que privilegia conteúdos. Ao inserir meus alunos nos processos de seleção e construção das atividades pedagógicas e das estratégias de ensino e avaliação, dedico-me a promover conversas sobre esses processos, investigando as qualidades das vidas vivenciadas em sala de aula. Os dados gerados nessas interações foram analisados e discutidos à luz do Sistema de Avaliatividade (MARTIN; WHITE, 2005), com enfoque nas três regiões semânticas do subsistema da Atitude: Afeto, Julgamento e Apreciação. Os entendimentos construídos a partir destes dados contribuem juntamente com o objetivo comum de construir entendimentos locais e situados, por isso não determinam realidades e verdades absolutas e tampouco objetivam solucionar problemas. Desta forma, ao invés de considerações finais conclusivas, finalizo identificando novas perguntas provocadas pelo caráter sustentável da pesquisa orientada pela Prática Exploratória. / [en] This dissertation was built according to the ethical-inclusive approach of Exploratory Practice (ALLWRIGHT, 2000), and under the perspective of Indisciplinary Applied Linguistics (MOITA LOPES, 2006). The research originated from conversations with my students - 6th grade students at a private school in Rio de Janeiro - about the ways in which remote English classes in the pandemic period, especially in the second half of 2020, were collaboratively constructed, and on the emerging understandings of the pedagogical practices promoted by the group. From the initial thought-provoking question – Whom do I plan my classes for? – we allowed ourselves to problematize the validity of a class planning done unilaterally – only by the teacher – also questioning the relevance of the evaluation methods applied to verify a kind of learning that privileges content. By inserting my students in the selection and construction processes of pedagogical activities and of the teaching and assessment strategies, I dedicate myself to promoting conversations about these processes, investigating the qualities of life in the classroom. The data generated by these interactions were analyzed and discussed in the light of the Appraisal System (MARTIN; WHITE, 2005), focusing on the three semantic regions of the Attitude subsystem: Affection, Judgment and Appreciation. The understandings built from these data contribute together with the common goal of building local and situated understandings, and for this reason they do not determine absolute realities and truths, nor do they aim to solve problems. Thus, instead of conclusive final considerations, I close by identifying new questions caused by the sustainable character of research guided by Exploratory Practice.

This project was designed to help instructors at Camp Highland Outdoor Science School in Cherry Valley, California. The camp is drsinged for fifth and sixth grade students. The manual would be a useful tool for instructors to reference information to assist in lession planning and activities. It would familiarize them with the local natual history in the area including geology, climate, plants and Native Americans.

This project was created for third grade teachers who use the Houghton Mifflin Language Arts series and want to integrate computer software into their writing curriculum. The website created includes all the writing assignments that the students are to complete and the required software used to complete the assignment.

Thesis (PhD (Curriculum Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this qualitative research study was to determine the value that a group of teachers in South Africa would place on the process of lesson study as a model for their own learning and instructional improvement. A qualitative case study approach through an action research design was the methodology employed for this research. Participants in this 18-month study experienced three complete cycles and a fourth partially completed cycle of lesson study. The setting in South Africa offers a unique perspective to research on lesson study. Lesson study has been the primary method of professional teacher development in Japan for more than 50 years. It is also realizing some success in school districts across the USA. The recent educational reforms in South Africa have something in common with each of these countries. Like Japan, South Africa has adopted a national curriculum. The common link with the USA is that both countries have recently experienced educational reform at the national government level. The findings from this research include a discussion of the elements contained in lesson study that may be beneficial to incorporate into continuing professional teacher development programs, an analysis of the sustainability of lesson study, and an exploration of the connection between the model of lesson study and the design of action research. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie kwalitatiewe navorsingstudie was om die waarde wat ʼn groep onderwysers in Suid-Afrika op die proses van lesstudie as ʼn model vir hulle eie leer- en onderrigverbetering sou plaas, te bepaal. ʼn Kwalitatiewe gevallestudie-benadering met behulp van ʼn aksienavorsingontwerp was die metodologie wat tydens hierdie navorsing aangewend is. Deelnemers aan hierdie studie wat oor 18 maande gestrek het, het drie volledige siklusse en ʼn vierde gedeeltelike siklus van lesstudie onderneem. Die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks bied ʼn unieke perspektief op navorsing oor lesstudie. Lesstudie was vir meer as 50 jaar die primêre metode van professionele onderwyserontwikkeling in Japan. Dit behaal ook ’n mate van sukses in skooldistrikte oor die VSA heen. Die onlangse onderwyshervormings in Suid-Afrika het iets gemeen met elk van hierdie lande. Soos Japan, het Suid-Afrika ʼn nasionale kurrikulum in gebruik geneem. Die skakel met die VSA is dat albei lande onlangs onderwyshervorming op nasionale regeringsvlak ondergaan het. Die bevindinge van hierdie navorsing sluit ʼn bespreking van die elemente vervat in lesstudie in wat inkorporering in programme vir voortgesette professionele onderwyserontwikkeling tot voordeel kan strek, ʼn ontleding van die volhoubaarheid van lesstudie, en ʼn verkenning van die verband tussen die lesstudie-model en die ontwerp van aksienavorsing.

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In 1997, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) published its guidelines 'to provide for the development and implementation of a National Qualifications Framework (NQF)' (Government Gazette 1997:35). This framework was to pave the way for compelling transformation in the education sector. One of the key features of the framework would be a directive that a series of competencies, or generic skills, that SAQA termed its 'critical cross-field outcomes' would have to be incorporated into the design of all programmes of learning. The publication of the guidelines sparked considerable debate; a debate that, in the five years since 1997, does not appear to have been resolved. As higher education institutions prepare for the 2003 submission of programmes to SAQA for registration, the importance of swift and meaningful intervention is self-evident. This report gives an account of a study undertaken to allow for the critical analysis of generic learning outcomes, or specifically SAQA's critical outcomes, as they present themselves in a technikon diploma programme. While the initial impetus in terms of the skills debate may appear to have arisen as a result of national imperatives, the overview of the literature pointed to international precedents, particularly when the issue of generic skills was contextualised against the background of the changing higher education landscape. Thus empirical research was conducted at the Cape Technikon using the National Diploma in Human Resources Management, its academic staff and its second-year student group, as its focus. The qualitative data, generated via multiple techniques including document analysis, interviewing, and a survey, provided a wealth of information and in-depth insight into the perceptions and attitudes of the respondents. The researcher endeavoured to maintain a practical focus throughout the study and sought to interpret and critique existing practice against best practice as described in the literature. The findings highlighted numerous issues relating to the integration of generic learning outcomes into programmes of learning. Key among these were the apparent lack of clarity and guidance among students and staff about the meaning of, and envisaged role for, the generic learning or critical outcomes; the fact that many in the technikon sector are already employing those teaching and learning strategies that are deemed appropriate when following an outcomes-based approach; that the changing student profile has had a direct impact on what happens in the classroom; and that assessment systems and practices appear to be the main barriers to the effective development of generic skills. In response, this study recommends that a structured, holistic, process approach be implemented at those institutions that are serious about integrating SAQA's critical outcomes into their programmes of learning. While such an approach would require institutional support and guidance, as well as an overall commitment to staff development, it is the contention of the researcher that the technikon sector, by virtue of its career-oriented focus and the design of its programmes, is ideally positioned to embrace the SAQA challenge successfully. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse Kwalifikasieowerheid (SAKO) het in 1997 riglyne gepubliseer wat voorsiening maak vir die ontwikkeling en implementering van 'n Nasionale Kwalifikasieraamwerk (NKR). Hierdie raamwerk sou die weg baan vir ingrypende veranderinge in die onderwys. Een van die sleuteleienskappe van hierdie raamwerk was die opdrag dat 'n reeks bevoegdhede, of generiese vaardighede, wat deur SAKO as sy 'kritiese uitkomstes' beskryf is, in die opstel van alle leerprogramme ingesluit moes word. Die publikasie van die riglyne het 'n aansienlike debat ontketen; 'n debat wat in die vyf jaar sedert 1997 oënskynlik nog nie tot 'n einde gekom het nie. Aangesien hoëronderwysinstellings hul voorleggings vir 2003 aan SAKO vir registrasie nou reeds begin voorberei, is die noodsaaklikheid van 'n vinnige en betekenisvolle besluit hieroor voor die hand liggend. Hierdie verslag gee 'n uiteensetting van navorsing wat gedoen is om 'n kritiese analise van generiese leeruitkomstes, of spesifiek die kritiese uitkomstes van SAKO, soos toegepas in die diplomaprogram van 'n tegnikon, te beskryf. Alhoewel dit aanvanklik mag gelyk het asof die debat oor vaardighede sy ontstaan aan 'n nasionale opdrag te danke gehad het, het 'n oorsig van die literatuur daarop gedui dat internasionale presedente ook daartoe aanleiding gegee het, veral in gevalle waar vrae betreffende die generiese leeruitkomstes teen die agtergrond van 'n veranderende hoëronderwyslandskap beskou is. Empiriese navorsing is aan die Kaapse Tegnikon onderneem met die Nasionale Diploma in Menslike Hulpbronnebestuur, sy akademiese personeel en tweedejaarstudente, as fokuspunt. Kwalitatiewe data is deur die gebruik van verskeie tegnieke gegenereer wat dokumentêre analise, onderhoudvoering en 'n vraelysopname insluit. Hierdie data het 'n bron van inligting oor, en insae, tot, die persepsies en houdings van die respondente verskaf. Die navorser het deurgaans gepoog om 'n praktiese fokus tydens die studie te behou en om die huidige praktyk te interpreteer en te beoordeel teenoor dit wat as suksesvol in die literatuur bestempel is. Die bevindinge het verskeie aspekte ten opsigte van die insluiting van generiese leeruitkomstes binne leerprogramme na vore gebring. Van die belangrikste aspekte is die klaarblyklike gebrek aan duidelikheid en leiding, onder sowel studente as akademiese personeel, oor die betekenis van, en beoogde rol vir die kritiese of generiese leeruitkomstes; die feit dat vele akademici in die tegnikonsektor reeds gebruik maak van die onderrig- en leerstrategieë wat as toepaslik vir uitkomsgebaseerde onderrig beskou word; dat die veranderende studenteprofiel 'n direkte impak gehad het op dit wat in die klaskamer gebeur; en dat assesseringspraktyke en -metodes tans die grootste remskoen in die effektiewe ontwikkeling van generiese vaardighede blyk te wees. In antwoord hierop beveel hierdie studie die implementering van 'n gestruktureerde, holistiese, prosesbenadering by die instellings aan wat erns maak met die insluiting van SAKO se kritiese uitkomstes in hul leerprogramme. Alhoewel so 'n benadering ondersteuning en leiding van die instellings, asook 'n algemene verbintenis tot personeelontwikkeling, sal vereis, is dit die navorser se oortuiging dat die tegnikonsektor, as gevolg van sy loopbaangerigte fokus en die inhoud van sy programme, ideaal geposisioneer is om die SAKO-uitdaging suksesvol die hoof te bied.

The case study analyses the art education content of selected teachers through the school year in context of actual curriculum. The lesson plans are going to be compared with the actual realizations of students, with respect to the expected (art) competencies of themselves. How do the teachers deal with the curriculum and content in art education? The thesis explores that question per interviews with the teachers, document analyses and gathered reflections. It examines the way of dealing with pedagogical content, its transformation into concrete tasks, teacher's reflection and appreciation of the student works. Inspirational resources of the particular teachers are going to be also covered in this study. The contemporary researches of Art education with emphasis on the pedagogical content are going to be the theoretical basis of processing the case study. KEYWORDS Art education, case study, curriculum, lesson planning, pedagogical content, specific subject area, teaching and learning

Acompanha: Guia de sequências didáticas / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos professores de Biologia inseridos na Metodologia Oficinas de Aprendizagem para o planejamento e elaboração de suas aulas. Para a realização desta pesquisa foram discutidos os Aspectos Históricos e Tendências para o Ensino de Biologia, o Ensino por Investigação, a Interdisciplinaridade e a Metodologia Oficinas de Aprendizagem. Quanto à coleta e à análise de dados, foi desenvolvida pesquisa-ação qualitativa que teve como sujeitos os professores de Biologia da Rede de Ensino Colégio Sesi, totalizando 20 professores participantes, provenientes de várias unidades do Estado. As informações foram obtidas por meio de um questionário composto por questões abertas para o levantamento de dados referentes às dificuldades e sugestões dos professores de Biologia acerca de suas atividades docentes enquanto inseridos na Metodologia Oficinas de Aprendizagem. Os professores consultados relataram os principais desafios enfrentados para o desenvolvimento de suas aulas, onde pode-se destacar como os principais resultados a falta de materiais para aulas práticas, a dificuldade em realizar o trabalho interdisciplinar e as disciplinas nas quais há maior dificuldade em elaborar atividades compartilhadas com Biologia, como Língua Inglesa, Arte e Sociologia. A partir dos resultados obtidos pelos questionários e com o auxílio dos professores produziu-se o produto da presente pesquisa, um Guia de Sequências Didáticas de Biologia, contendo sugestões de aulas interdisciplinares e atividades contextualizadas com conteúdos de outras disciplinas que visam facilitar a prática docente e promover a interdisciplinaridade no Ensino Médio. / This research aimed to determine the challenges faced by Biology teachers who make use of a method of Learning Workshop in the planning and preparation of their lessons. For this research, historical aspects and trends for Biology education, interdisciplinarity and Learning Workshop methods were discussed. As far as the collection and analysis of data is concerned, Qualitative Action Research was applied. This involved 20 participating Biology teachers from many different School Education Network (SESI) members in the State of Paraná. The information was obtained through an open-ended questionnaire to obtain data relating to difficulties and the suggestions of biology teachers about their teaching activities while being involved in Learning Workshop method. The key results highlighted the lack of material for practical classes, the difficulty in performing interdisciplinary work, and those subjects or courses where the greatest difficulty in preparing shared activities with biology, such as English Language, Art and Sociology was experienced. From the results obtained through the questionnaires, together with the help of teachers, the product of this research was a lesson plan guide that assisted in teaching Biology. It contained suggestions for interdisciplinary classes and contextualized activities with content from other school subjects to facilitate the teaching practice and promote interdisciplinarity in High School Education.

No processo do ensino de Ciências, realizar atividades de campo em Unidades de Conservação, ou seja, ambientes não formais, possibilita estimular e enriquecer diferentes caminhos metodológicos que conduzem ao aprendizado de forma crítica, reflexiva e responsável frente às questões ambientais. Estas atividades práticas de observação permitem explorar conteúdos diversificados, sensibilizar os alunos para a preservação e conservação, por meio do contato direto com o ambiente, assim como auxiliar na melhor compreensão dos fenômenos aprendidos em sala de aula de forma teórica. No entanto, para que as atividades de campo sejam eficazes, é imprescindível que sejam bem preparadas e adequadamente exploradas. Portanto, o presente estudo apresenta como objetivo propor atividades utilizando Unidades de Conservação no processo de ensino interdisciplinar e de Educação Ambiental, voltados para o tema gerador Meio Ambiente, que foi aplicado em duas escolas públicas do município de Curitiba, Paraná.Primeiramente buscou-se identificar, por meio de questionários e entrevistas,quais foram os métodos que os professores aplicaram ao trabalhar a temática ambiental;analisou-se o uso educacional das Unidades de Conservação como parte das aulas, e como vislumbram um aprendizado interdisciplinar com esta temática. Foi realizado o levantamento nos documentos oficiais governamentais para os conteúdos básicos das diversas áreas do conhecimento do ensino fundamental I e II, relacionados ao tema meio ambiente. Este diagnóstico teve como objetivo identificar as relações entre os temas transversais, sua articulação e exploração de forma interdisciplinar relacionando com a temática. Procedeu-se então uma análise quanti-qualitativa dos dez professores participantes desta pesquisa, que foram observados e entrevistados antes da atividade de campo, e após a execução da mesma em uma Unidade de Conservação.Como resultado notou-se um predomínio positivo de falas e respostas diante da possibilidade de inserção da Lei Federal nº 9.795/99 de Educação Ambiental na prática docente dos professores das diversas disciplinas do currículo básico, da importância de ampliação das estratégias metodológicas e pedagógicas para uma aprendizagem significativa sobre o meio ambiente, mesmo com tantas dificuldades encontradas pelos professores para acessar as Unidades de Conservação. Quanto aos conteúdos analisados e levantados nos documentos oficiais, verificou-se que os componentes curriculares de Arte, Ciências, Educação Física, Geografia, História, Língua Portuguesa e Matemática, apresentaram diversos conteúdos que poderiam ser articulados e explorados utilizando o tema Meio Ambiente de EA nas atividades de campo. Foi elaborado o Guia de Atividades de Campo para atuar em Unidades de Conservação no ensino de Ciências com proposta de aplicação interdisciplinar, como produto final dessa pesquisa. / In the process of teaching science, conduct field activities in protected areas, ie, non-formal environments, enables stimulate and enrich different methodological paths that lead to learning critically reflective and responsible front to environmental issues. These practices observation activities let you explore diverse content, sensitize students to the preservation and conservation, through direct contact with the environment, and improve the understanding of the phenomena learned in class theoretically. However, that field activities are effective, it is essential to be well prepared and properly exploited. Therefore, the present study has the objective of proposing activities using protected areas in interdisciplinary teaching process and environmental education, focused on the theme generator Environment, which was applied in two public schools in the city of Curitiba, Paraná.Primeiramente sought to identify, through questionnaires and interviews, which were the methods that teachers have applied to work on environmental issues, analyzed the educational use of protected areas as part of the lessons, and how to envision an interdisciplinary learning with this theme. Survey was carried out in official government documents to the basic contents of the different areas of knowledge of elementary school I and II, related to the theme environment. This diagnosis was to identify the relationship between the cross-cutting issues, and their joint operation in an interdisciplinary way relating to the theme. then proceeded to a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the ten teachers participating in this study, who were observed and interviewed before the field activity, and after the implementation of the same in a unit Conservação.Como result was noted a positive predominance of speeches and responses to the possibility of insertion of Federal Law No. 9.795 / 99 environmental Education in the teaching practice of teachers of various disciplines of basic curriculum, the importance of expansion of methodological and pedagogical strategies for meaningful learning about the environment, even with so many difficulties encountered by teachers to access the protected areas. Regarding analyzed and raised in official documents contents, it was found that the curriculum components of Art, Science, Physical Education, Geography, History, English Language and Mathematics, presented various contents that could be articulated and explored using the theme Half EA Environment in field activities. It was prepared the Field Activity Guide to operate in protected areas in science education with proposed interdisciplinary application, as the final product of this research.

No processo do ensino de Ciências, realizar atividades de campo em Unidades de Conservação, ou seja, ambientes não formais, possibilita estimular e enriquecer diferentes caminhos metodológicos que conduzem ao aprendizado de forma crítica, reflexiva e responsável frente às questões ambientais. Estas atividades práticas de observação permitem explorar conteúdos diversificados, sensibilizar os alunos para a preservação e conservação, por meio do contato direto com o ambiente, assim como auxiliar na melhor compreensão dos fenômenos aprendidos em sala de aula de forma teórica. No entanto, para que as atividades de campo sejam eficazes, é imprescindível que sejam bem preparadas e adequadamente exploradas. Portanto, o presente estudo apresenta como objetivo propor atividades utilizando Unidades de Conservação no processo de ensino interdisciplinar e de Educação Ambiental, voltados para o tema gerador Meio Ambiente, que foi aplicado em duas escolas públicas do município de Curitiba, Paraná.Primeiramente buscou-se identificar, por meio de questionários e entrevistas,quais foram os métodos que os professores aplicaram ao trabalhar a temática ambiental;analisou-se o uso educacional das Unidades de Conservação como parte das aulas, e como vislumbram um aprendizado interdisciplinar com esta temática. Foi realizado o levantamento nos documentos oficiais governamentais para os conteúdos básicos das diversas áreas do conhecimento do ensino fundamental I e II, relacionados ao tema meio ambiente. Este diagnóstico teve como objetivo identificar as relações entre os temas transversais, sua articulação e exploração de forma interdisciplinar relacionando com a temática. Procedeu-se então uma análise quanti-qualitativa dos dez professores participantes desta pesquisa, que foram observados e entrevistados antes da atividade de campo, e após a execução da mesma em uma Unidade de Conservação.Como resultado notou-se um predomínio positivo de falas e respostas diante da possibilidade de inserção da Lei Federal nº 9.795/99 de Educação Ambiental na prática docente dos professores das diversas disciplinas do currículo básico, da importância de ampliação das estratégias metodológicas e pedagógicas para uma aprendizagem significativa sobre o meio ambiente, mesmo com tantas dificuldades encontradas pelos professores para acessar as Unidades de Conservação. Quanto aos conteúdos analisados e levantados nos documentos oficiais, verificou-se que os componentes curriculares de Arte, Ciências, Educação Física, Geografia, História, Língua Portuguesa e Matemática, apresentaram diversos conteúdos que poderiam ser articulados e explorados utilizando o tema Meio Ambiente de EA nas atividades de campo. Foi elaborado o Guia de Atividades de Campo para atuar em Unidades de Conservação no ensino de Ciências com proposta de aplicação interdisciplinar, como produto final dessa pesquisa. / In the process of teaching science, conduct field activities in protected areas, ie, non-formal environments, enables stimulate and enrich different methodological paths that lead to learning critically reflective and responsible front to environmental issues. These practices observation activities let you explore diverse content, sensitize students to the preservation and conservation, through direct contact with the environment, and improve the understanding of the phenomena learned in class theoretically. However, that field activities are effective, it is essential to be well prepared and properly exploited. Therefore, the present study has the objective of proposing activities using protected areas in interdisciplinary teaching process and environmental education, focused on the theme generator Environment, which was applied in two public schools in the city of Curitiba, Paraná.Primeiramente sought to identify, through questionnaires and interviews, which were the methods that teachers have applied to work on environmental issues, analyzed the educational use of protected areas as part of the lessons, and how to envision an interdisciplinary learning with this theme. Survey was carried out in official government documents to the basic contents of the different areas of knowledge of elementary school I and II, related to the theme environment. This diagnosis was to identify the relationship between the cross-cutting issues, and their joint operation in an interdisciplinary way relating to the theme. then proceeded to a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the ten teachers participating in this study, who were observed and interviewed before the field activity, and after the implementation of the same in a unit Conservação.Como result was noted a positive predominance of speeches and responses to the possibility of insertion of Federal Law No. 9.795 / 99 environmental Education in the teaching practice of teachers of various disciplines of basic curriculum, the importance of expansion of methodological and pedagogical strategies for meaningful learning about the environment, even with so many difficulties encountered by teachers to access the protected areas. Regarding analyzed and raised in official documents contents, it was found that the curriculum components of Art, Science, Physical Education, Geography, History, English Language and Mathematics, presented various contents that could be articulated and explored using the theme Half EA Environment in field activities. It was prepared the Field Activity Guide to operate in protected areas in science education with proposed interdisciplinary application, as the final product of this research.

This validation study examined the Triple E Rubric for Lesson Design as a measurement tool to test the effectiveness of a lesson when using technology to support learning goals. This study also measured the content and concurrent validity as well as reliability of the Triple E Rubric developed by Liz Kolb.