Submitted by Marlene Aparecida de Souza Cardozo (mcardozo@pucsp.br) on 2016-08-27T17:28:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cláudio Roberto Fontana Bastos.pdf: 19102951 bytes, checksum: de6f4c90b935d3aa864e9810fa744d13 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-27T17:28:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cláudio Roberto Fontana Bastos.pdf: 19102951 bytes, checksum: de6f4c90b935d3aa864e9810fa744d13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-10 / This thesis aims at considering the “death and life” dialogy under the perspective of com-plexity. The work Humanity and death constitutes an hermeneutic part of the reading and analyses held for the understanding of the subject. Such work is not restricted to the field of thanatology and does not lose its anthropological root, as well as its reflexive condition. At first, the itinerary we followed considers the “life and death” dialogy as an embryo of the complex thinking. The dialogy of the death and its reform by means of the complex thinking are closely related to the reform of life and the reform of society. The second moment adres-ses Edgar Morin’s approach towards Paul Ricœur’s thinking. The main text is Living up to dead, posthumous manuscript, in which are the losses experiences in the author’s autobio-graphy and their influence in the building of his thinking. We developed the subjects me-mory, forgetfulness of the grief as means to a reflexion based on uncertainties and that allow the criticism and the facing of the death seen as being separate from life. The third moment points to the reflections about the afterdeath. It is about the prolongations of life, the progress of Science, the immortality, so present in Morin’s reflections, and Ricœur demonstrates, in the subjects memory, forgetfulness and grief, a way of staying alive until death. Ricœur assigns the living ones the task of accepting and spreading the will of being. In the extreme situations of horror and anguish, the retrieving of memory and history acquires strength and potentialities that go beyond the ordinary death. The themes of salvation and resurrection are treated within the Judeo-Christian view by Morin and under Ricœur’s anthropologic and hermeneutic perspective. Both believe in life and offer their own biographical notes as a Science which believes in passions, in hope and in the ethics of solidarity / O objetivo desta tese é pensar a dialogia morte vida sob o prisma da complexidade. A obra O Homem e a Morte constitui um eixo hermenêutico das leituras e análises para a compreensão do tema. Ela não se restringe ao campo da tanatologia nem perde sua raiz antropológica e sua condição reflexiva. O itinerário que seguimos, num primeiro momento, trata a dialogia “vida- morte” como embrião do pensamento complexo. A dialógica da morte e sua reforma pela via do pensamento complexo ligam-se intimamente à reforma da vida e à reforma da sociedade. O segundo momento trata da aproximação de Edgar Morin com o pensamento de Paul Ricœur. O texto central é Vivo até a morte, manuscrito póstumo, em que há as experiên-cias de perda na autobiografia do autor e a sua influência na construção de seu pensamento. Desenvolvemos os temas da memória, do esquecimento do luto como vias que possibilitem uma brecha de reflexão pautada nas incertezas e que possibilitam a crítica e enfrentamentos da morte entendida de maneira disjuntiva à vida. O terceiro momento aponta as reflexões para o além da morte. Trata-se dos prolongamentos da vida, dos progressos da ciência, da amortalidade tão marcadas nas reflexões de Morin e que Ricœur demonstra nos temas da memória, esquecimento e luto uma maneira de permanecer vivo até a morte. Ricoeur atribui aos vivos a tarefa de assumir e perpetuar o desejo de ser. Nas situações extremas de horror e angústia, o resgate da memória e da história adquirem força e potencialidades que vão além da morte comum. Os temas da salvação e da ressurreição são tratados no âmbito da visão judaico-cristão por Morin e sob o prisma antropológico e hermenêutico de Ricœur. Ambos apostam na vida e oferecem seus próprios apontamentos biográficos como ciência que apos-ta nas paixões, na esperança e na ética da solidariedade

My thesis seeks to address the continuity, change and the syncreticism of ideas regarding post-mortem existence in the wake of the Reformation. Prior to reform, the late Medieval world view of the afterlife was very straightforward. One either went to Heaven via Purgatory, or straight to Hell. In the exempla literature of the period, ghosts were seen to provide evidence of the purgatorial system. However, this doctrine was dismantled by reformers who rejected Purgatory wholesale. Reformers then put forth a multiplicity of eschatologies which included various strands of mortalism, none of which allowed for the possibility that the dead could return to the living. In theory therefore, the ghost should have disappeared from the mental landscape, yet it not only survived, but it thrived in Protestant culture. This raises three key questions which are absolutely central to this thesis. Firstly: by what mechanisms did commitment to ghosts continue in lay and elite discourses in early modern England, when religious authority denied the possibility of their existence? Secondly: what opportunities were there to incorporate ghosts into Anglican or wider Protestant belief? Finally: Why would many Protestant elites want to elide the doctrinal problem of their existence and assert that ghosts existed? The ghost must have served a purpose in a way that nothing else could. It is therefore the purpose of the thesis to examine the shifting role of the ghost in early modern Protestant England.

This thesis analyzes pain with respect to Nietzsche&#039 / s Dionysus-Crucified distinction. This distinction, which Nietzsche underlies, reveals his philosophical project. The meaning of pain is at the core point of this distinction. These two deities symbolizes attitudes towards life and pain in it. Dionysus represents the affirmation of becoming and tragic wisdom / and Crucified (Christ) represents despise and escape from life or ascetic ideals. In this sense, the dissertation will first trace Nietzsche&#039 / s world view. Then the following discussions will present a detailed analysis of ascetic ideals (and their genealogical roots), and tragic wisdom from the perspective of Nietzsche for consideration.

This thesis analyses the concept of self with respect to Nietzsche&rsquo / s (1844- 1900) implications on the &ldquo / despisers of the body&rdquo / in Thus Spoke Zarathustra. Nietzsche&rsquo / s exposition of the self as a varying multiplicity neither within nor out of the body is the basic assumption of this dissertation. In this sense, the place of Nietzschean self considering the evolution of the concept of self through history will be analyzed. The concept of ego (subject) will be discussed as Nietzsche&rsquo / s critique of the so-called manifestation of self / the concept of body will be discussed as the embodiment of Nietzschean understanding of the self.

Free will is a paramount concept that is central to our everyday lives, society and moral judgements. In this thesis, I search for the conditions under which free will can exist. This is done in relation to two topics: determinism and agency. Finally, I also explore the relation between free will and several social and philosophical concepts, and discuss briefly what would be the case if there were no free will.

ABSTRACT CAMUS: A REBEL AT THE JUNCTION OF EXISTENTIALISM AND SKEPTICISM (Basar) Baskaya, Dilek Ph.D., Department of Philosophy Supervisor: Prof. Dr. S. Halil Turan May 2011, 190 pages The purpose of this thesis is to examine Albert Camus&rsquo / s stance in existentialism and scepticism, to discuss his philosophy by referring to his life, which, in many respects, forms a foundation for his philosophy and to exhibit that he maintains his contemporariness in the 21st century. As existentialism is treated differently by different philosophers, the main concern of the thesis is to discuss how Camus handles it. This is done by focusing on his approach to issues appearing commonly in existentialism, such as the absurd, suicide, God, rebellion, freedom, and alienation and by scrutinising the link between existentialism and skepticism. According to Camus, the absurd is the paradoxical condition caused by a contradiction or a confrontation of two unequal concepts or situations. The merit, for Camus, is to survive despite the disillusionment the absurd brings about. Consequently, he is against suicide because he regards it as surrender to the absurd. Camus claims that it is man himself who can make his own life meaningful. Thus, man may question the existence of God and revolt metaphysically against the absurdity and injustice in the world. The metaphysical rebel can then establish the unity and order that he believes is lacking in the world. Camus attaches great importance to rebellion because it brings man freedom. And freedom is indispensable because being deprived of freedom means submission to an authority and, therefore, loss of human dignity. Alienation is a major issue for Camus, too, as it is a result of man&rsquo / s &lsquo / thrownness&rsquo / on to the world and displays the human situation. The thesis analyses the above items in detail with reference to all Camus&rsquo / s major works.

Hegel&#039 / s system, with a purpose of being the newest philosophy, represents a turning point in the history of thought. In contrast to the philosophical thoguht of Enlightenment which seperates branches of knowledge, or that of philosophy, Hegel tries to recombine them. In this study, I intend to reveal the close connection of the concepts appeared in the two works of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, namely, The Phenomenology of Spirit (Ph&auml / nomenologie des Geistes) and Elements of the Philosophy of Right (Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts). These concepts are consciousness, self-consciousness, desire, recognition, freedom and intersubjectivity that are very important for considering self-actualization of the individual and for understanding also the process of human socialization. In this sense, Hegel&rsquo / s philosophy, in general, is an attempt to analyze modern society through the light of these conceptions which are still central to our aspirations as reflective social beings.

This thesis is based on two readings on death. The first one is Martin Heidegger&rsquo / s Being and Time chapter two, part one and the second one is Jacques Derrida&rsquo / s Aporias. The first reading is based on the phenomenological analysis of death. The line of argument of Heidegger is figured out. The second reading is based on Derrida&rsquo / s deconstruction of Heidegger&rsquo / s account of death in Being and Time. The thesis and the conclusion part is based on the idea that, on death, these philosophers are fundamentally similar and radically different. This is shown by the comparison of these philosophers.

Dissertation ARS MORIENDI IN THE LIGHT OF THE THEOLOGICAL PERSONALISM - POIMENICAL EXPLICATION Ruth Kubíčková Abstract The dissertation Ars moriendi in the light of the theological personalism - poimenical explication aims to investigate how the question of death, life and potential preparation for death, or life in an eschatological perspective is reflected in the realm of social sciences and philosophy, in the Scriptures and by selected systematic and personalistic theologians, in correlation with medieval ars moriendi texts; and in doing so, implicitly define central aspects defining an afterlife hope of a modern human, including its practical theological outcome leading to an authentic realization of a personal ontological responsibility.

Phenomenal consciousness presents a recalcitrant problem for the scientific conception of the world and the physicalist thesis that claims that everything that exists (including whatever is involved in any mental phenomena) is physical and physically explainable. Thus, on this view, every truth is a physical truth. By Putnam-Kripkean considerations and for several other reasons, I defend the claim that any version of such a physicalist thesis must be a necessary thesis, which ultimately means that contingent physicalism is not tenable. Against this thesis, philosophers have put forward several anti-physicalist arguments including the knowledge argument, the conceivability/modal argument, the explanatory gap argument, and the property dualism argument. All these arguments rest on the assumption of an epistemic/explanatory gap, which I call the &ldquo / phenomenal-physical gap,&rdquo / between the phenomenal and the physical. I claim that the phenomenal-physical gap (the PP-gap) is unbridgeable, from which it can be concluded that a priori physicalism is not tenable. The phenomenal concept strategy (PCS), which is a specific strategy within a posteriori necessary physicalism, aims at offering an explanation in physical terms of why we have such an unbridgeable gap by differentiating between phenomenal and physical concepts in a fundamental way. Nevertheless, proponents of PCS&mdash / the most promising version of a posteriori necessary physicalism&mdash / face a severe problem that I call &ldquo / the problem of phenomenal subjecthood&rdquo / in explaining in physical terms why we have the PP-gap. The phenomenon of &ldquo / experiencing&rdquo / consists of three substantially existing elements: the phenomenal subject (the experiencer), the experiential item (what is experienced by the subject), and the phenomenal s-v-o relation (the experiential relation) between the first two. I argue for the substantial existence of phenomenal subjects based on an argument I provide, the reality of some mental phenomena such as phenomenal unity and continuity, and the mental facts concerning phenomenal peculiarity, phenomenal agency, and the sense of phenomenal I-ness, the reality of all of which one cannot deny. Since PCS accounts are mostly qualia-centered accounts that ignore the reality of phenomenal subjects and the phenomenal s-v-o relation, they cannot account for the PP-gap in physical terms without first offering substantial theories of phenomenal subjecthood. But once they grant the substantiality of phenomenal subjects, they face severe difficulties in establishing their accounts of the nature of phenomenal concept, and thus the PP-gap in physical terms.