The thesis will deal with the relationship of adolescents' self-concept according to their life plans. The work focuses on the issue of their own self-professional concept in their third term of vocational school and fourth term of secondary vocational school. The aim of this work is to describe the relation of the students of the vocational school and secondary vocational school to themselves, how they evaluate themselves, as well as their relation to self-professional concept, to their future goals related to their professional life and further education. The theoretical part deals with their own understanding of self-concept, its development from childhood to adolescence, of the development of themselves and self-professional concept, the importance of life plans for the future life of adolescents on the basis of professional Czech and foreign literature. At the end of the theoretical part, there will be laid theoretical foundations for the research, which will be the content of the practical part of this work. The empirical part of the thesis will analyze the survey made at secondary schools, which focuses on themselves and self-professional concept of selected pupils of the fourth term of secondary vocational schools and the third term of vocational schools. A combination of qualitative and...

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Emotions are integrated psychological, physical and cognitive responses that function as an internal automatic process that provides feedback to the individual regarding the success and quality of achieving goals, relations with others and the meaning of life. It is therefore important that emotions are regulated – this refers to the monitoring, evaluation and the modification of emotional reactions (Todd & Lewis, 2008) – so that failures do not negatively impact on a person‟s ability to achieve important goals in life. Young adulthood, between the ages of 20 and 30, can be typified as a developmental phase during which critical decisions with regard to goals in life are made. However, young adults are often not able to effectively regulate the emotional impact of blocked life goals. As a result the risk for poor decision-making and lower psychological well-being increases. The aim of this study is to firstly identify critical factors in emotional regulation of young adults in reaction to blocked life goals. Secondly, the research identifies relations between these critical factors and lastly, the study offers a model on emotional regulation in reaction to goals in life that are blocked. An availability sample of 77 young adults between the ages of 20 and 30 years took part in the study. The study was granted ethical permission by the North-West University and all the participants gave informed consent. Interactive Qualitative Analysis (IQA), a systems approach to qualitative research was used to generate and analyse data (Northcutt & McCoy, 2004). IQA uses interviews with groups and individuals to collect and analyse data in a participatory way. Eight themes are identified, three of which are specifically considered regulation strategies, namely: the supression of emotions, productivity and giving in to primal urges. The other five themes can be considered emotions, namely: loneliness, frustration and disappointment, uncertainty, anger and discouragement. Participants indicated 56 possible cause-and-effect relations between these eight themes. According to a frequency analysis only 24 of these relations, which explains 74.8% of the variance in the group, were used in the development of the model. The model indicates that there are three central processes, namely: a feedback-loop that comprises three negative emotions and suppression as regulation strategy, a destructive path and a productive path. The findings support the literature in terms of the fact that emotions serve as an internal feedback process that provides feedback to the individual about the success and quality of achieving his or her goals, relations with others and the meaning of life. In this case, negative emotions are experienced as a result of goals in life that are blocked. The literature (Kassin et al., 2008) also confirms that suppression is not a successful long term strategy and eventually it only leads to further loneliness, uncertainty, and ultimately frustration and disappointment. For some of the participants alternative behaviours characterised by anger, discouragement and giving in to primal urges like smoking and alcohol abuse follow this. This seems to be an externalisation of negative emotions by participants with lower self-control, and it supports previous literature in this regard (Caprara et al., 2013). On the other hand, it seems that participants with more self-control make constructive plans to reach their goals or set new goals despite the frustration and disappointment that comes with having goals in life blocked. The final conclusion is that the regulation of emotions can be described as a complex process that individuals use to change or control their emotions in order to achieve a desired outcome. In this study it was particularly evident that the suppression of emotions play an important role and further research is needed to determine its short and long term effects. Further research is also needed to determine the factors that differentiate between young adults that apply destructive and productive regulation strategies respectively. / MA (Clinical Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Emotions are integrated psychological, physical and cognitive responses that function as an internal automatic process that provides feedback to the individual regarding the success and quality of achieving goals, relations with others and the meaning of life. It is therefore important that emotions are regulated – this refers to the monitoring, evaluation and the modification of emotional reactions (Todd & Lewis, 2008) – so that failures do not negatively impact on a person‟s ability to achieve important goals in life. Young adulthood, between the ages of 20 and 30, can be typified as a developmental phase during which critical decisions with regard to goals in life are made. However, young adults are often not able to effectively regulate the emotional impact of blocked life goals. As a result the risk for poor decision-making and lower psychological well-being increases. The aim of this study is to firstly identify critical factors in emotional regulation of young adults in reaction to blocked life goals. Secondly, the research identifies relations between these critical factors and lastly, the study offers a model on emotional regulation in reaction to goals in life that are blocked. An availability sample of 77 young adults between the ages of 20 and 30 years took part in the study. The study was granted ethical permission by the North-West University and all the participants gave informed consent. Interactive Qualitative Analysis (IQA), a systems approach to qualitative research was used to generate and analyse data (Northcutt & McCoy, 2004). IQA uses interviews with groups and individuals to collect and analyse data in a participatory way. Eight themes are identified, three of which are specifically considered regulation strategies, namely: the supression of emotions, productivity and giving in to primal urges. The other five themes can be considered emotions, namely: loneliness, frustration and disappointment, uncertainty, anger and discouragement. Participants indicated 56 possible cause-and-effect relations between these eight themes. According to a frequency analysis only 24 of these relations, which explains 74.8% of the variance in the group, were used in the development of the model. The model indicates that there are three central processes, namely: a feedback-loop that comprises three negative emotions and suppression as regulation strategy, a destructive path and a productive path. The findings support the literature in terms of the fact that emotions serve as an internal feedback process that provides feedback to the individual about the success and quality of achieving his or her goals, relations with others and the meaning of life. In this case, negative emotions are experienced as a result of goals in life that are blocked. The literature (Kassin et al., 2008) also confirms that suppression is not a successful long term strategy and eventually it only leads to further loneliness, uncertainty, and ultimately frustration and disappointment. For some of the participants alternative behaviours characterised by anger, discouragement and giving in to primal urges like smoking and alcohol abuse follow this. This seems to be an externalisation of negative emotions by participants with lower self-control, and it supports previous literature in this regard (Caprara et al., 2013). On the other hand, it seems that participants with more self-control make constructive plans to reach their goals or set new goals despite the frustration and disappointment that comes with having goals in life blocked. The final conclusion is that the regulation of emotions can be described as a complex process that individuals use to change or control their emotions in order to achieve a desired outcome. In this study it was particularly evident that the suppression of emotions play an important role and further research is needed to determine its short and long term effects. Further research is also needed to determine the factors that differentiate between young adults that apply destructive and productive regulation strategies respectively. / MA (Clinical Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

<p>Syftet var att undersöka livsmål hos yngre män och kvinnor (20-30 år) utifrån ett autobiografiskt minnesperspektiv. Mätinstrumentet bestod av en enkät med tio frågor baserade på tidigare forskning. Resultatet visade på få skillnader mellan män och kvinnor gällande mål utifrån ett autobiografiskt perspektiv. Skillnaderna var att kvinnor generade fler mål än män i målkategorierna ekonomi och nära relationer inom tidsperspektivet 1 år framåt i tiden samt i målkategorierna nära relationer och hälsa inom tidsramen 5-10 år framåt i tiden. Inom tidsramen 1 år bakåt genererade kvinnor fler mål än män, i målkategorin socialt liv. Kvinnorna angav återigen fler mål än männen, men i målkategorin hälsa, inom tidsramen 5-10 år bakåt i tiden. Ingen signifikant skillnad fanns mellan könen gällande grad av målinriktning. Respondenternas åsikter (oberoende av kön) angående hur stor kontroll de har över sina mål (1 år framåt respektive 5-10 år framåt) samt hur sannolikt de tror att det är att dessa mål kommer att inträffa, visade på signifikanta skillnader mellan de olika tidsperspektiven samt måltyperna (minst vs. mest sannolikt att de inträffar).</p> / <p>The aim was to investigate the life goals of young men and women (20-30 years) from an autobiographical memory approach. The measuring instrument consisted of a survey of ten questions based on previous research. The results indicated few differences between men’s and women’s goals from an autobiographical perspective. However, women compared to men generated more economy and close relationships related goal in a 1 year forward time perspective, and close relationships and health related goals in a time frame of 5-10 years ahead. In the time frame of 1 year back in time, women generated more social life goals than did men, and in the time frame of 5-10 years back in time women generated more health goals than did men. No significant difference between the sexes was found concerning level of goal-orientation. The views of the respondents (gender-independent) concerning level of goal control (1 year ahead, 5-10 years ahead), and their views of the probability of goal-fulfillment indicated significant differences between the time perspectives and types of goals.</p>

Syftet var att undersöka livsmål hos yngre män och kvinnor (20-30 år) utifrån ett autobiografiskt minnesperspektiv. Mätinstrumentet bestod av en enkät med tio frågor baserade på tidigare forskning. Resultatet visade på få skillnader mellan män och kvinnor gällande mål utifrån ett autobiografiskt perspektiv. Skillnaderna var att kvinnor generade fler mål än män i målkategorierna ekonomi och nära relationer inom tidsperspektivet 1 år framåt i tiden samt i målkategorierna nära relationer och hälsa inom tidsramen 5-10 år framåt i tiden. Inom tidsramen 1 år bakåt genererade kvinnor fler mål än män, i målkategorin socialt liv. Kvinnorna angav återigen fler mål än männen, men i målkategorin hälsa, inom tidsramen 5-10 år bakåt i tiden. Ingen signifikant skillnad fanns mellan könen gällande grad av målinriktning. Respondenternas åsikter (oberoende av kön) angående hur stor kontroll de har över sina mål (1 år framåt respektive 5-10 år framåt) samt hur sannolikt de tror att det är att dessa mål kommer att inträffa, visade på signifikanta skillnader mellan de olika tidsperspektiven samt måltyperna (minst vs. mest sannolikt att de inträffar). / The aim was to investigate the life goals of young men and women (20-30 years) from an autobiographical memory approach. The measuring instrument consisted of a survey of ten questions based on previous research. The results indicated few differences between men’s and women’s goals from an autobiographical perspective. However, women compared to men generated more economy and close relationships related goal in a 1 year forward time perspective, and close relationships and health related goals in a time frame of 5-10 years ahead. In the time frame of 1 year back in time, women generated more social life goals than did men, and in the time frame of 5-10 years back in time women generated more health goals than did men. No significant difference between the sexes was found concerning level of goal-orientation. The views of the respondents (gender-independent) concerning level of goal control (1 year ahead, 5-10 years ahead), and their views of the probability of goal-fulfillment indicated significant differences between the time perspectives and types of goals.

Darbo tikslas: nustatyti sąsajas tarp darbo motyvacijos, vidinių ir išorinių gyvenimo tikslų bei optimizmo, palyginant jas su įvairias pareigas užimančiais darbuotojų socialiniais – demografiniais rodikliais. Tyrime dalyvavo 126 darbuotojai įvairaus amžiaus, lyties, išsilavinimo, darbo stažo, pareigų, darbo pobūdžio iš Kauno ir Kauno rajonų. Tyrime dalyvavo moterų 81 (64,3 proc.) ir vyrų 45 (35,7 proc.) Tyrimo metu naudotos metodikos – Darbo motyvacijos klausimynas, T. Kasser gyvenimo tikslų klausimynas, išskiriant skales: vidiniai gyvenimo tikslai ir išoriniai gyvenimo tikslai bei optimizmo klausimynas. Tyrimų rezultatai atskleidė, kad vyrai darbe motyvuoti labiau nei moterys, tačiau moterys su aukštesniu darbo motyvacijos lygiu yra labiau optimistiškos nei darbuotojos su žemesniu darbo motyvacijos lygiu. Kuo aukštesnes pareigas užima darbuotojas, tuo didesne motyvacija jis pasižymi darbe. Žemesnes pareigas užimantys darbuotojai su aukštesniu darbo motyvacijos lygiu pasižymi didesniu optimizmu, nei darbuotojai su žemesniu darbo motyvacijos lygiu. Darbe labiau motyvuoti tie darbuotojai, kurių amžius nuo 26 iki 50 metų. Aukštesnę darbuotojų darbo motyvaciją labiausiai nulemia vadovaujantis darbas bei aukštesnės kvalifikacijos reikalaujančios pareigos. / The aim of the project: to identify links between work motivation, internal and external life-time goals and optimism, and to compare them with the social – demographical indicators of different responsibilities employees. In the research participated 126 employees of different age, gender, education, work experience, occupying various positions, and different types of occupation from Kaunas city and Kaunas district. Participants: women – 81 (64,3 %), men – 45 (35,7 %). Methodologies used in the research – work motivation questionnaire, T.Kasser aspiration index, chosen points: internal life-time goals and external life-time goals; and life orientation test revised (LOT-R). The research results shows that at work men are more motivated than women, however women with higher level of motivation are more optimistic then women with the lower level of motivation. The higher responsibilities an employee has the higher his motivation is. Employees with higher level of motivation are much more optimists then those with less motivation. Employees of age range 25 – 50 are more motivated at work. Mostly employees working motivation is determined by leader positions and work demanding higher qualification. Also motivation is determined, but not that strongly, by male gender, major age, higher education and bigger work experience.

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Psychology, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 19-23).

This thesis deals with the motivation of pubescent children, especially to school work and the values they accept. Various motivational factors, which influence pupils of this age, are described in the theoretical part. The following chapters deal with the values, their importance and classification, explain the importance of school. The research part provides information about pupils´ motives not only to school work, but also about their attitudes, life goals and the context between them.

The diploma thesis deals with the topic of life goals and their relation to the age and generativity of the individual. In the theoretical part, the life goals are presented in the context of motivation and values, personal well-being and meaningfulness of life. Classification of life goals and selected life goals theories and research methods are also presented. In addition, the diploma thesis deals with the subject of lifelong development and significant milestones in relation to life goals. In connection with Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, concept of generativity and parenthood as one of the elements linked to generativity are also introduced. The empirical part of the diploma thesis aims at verifying the relationship between life goals of a person, his / her age and generativity, respectively, whether the preferences of the life goals are more related to the age of the individual or to his / her attained level of generativity, namely in the period of young adulthood and middle-age when generability is developing. Another sub- goal of the empirical part of the thesis is to find out the relation between the preference of life goals and parenthood. For the realization of the selected research task, a quantitative research project was used, using two questionnaire methods - Loyola...