Nursing develops and becomes a field with scientific base and well-educated employees. Thanks to that, nursing care is safer and of better quality. Nurses obtain prestige, importance and autonomy. The aim of this thesis is to map haw the nurses perceive their the features and skills and what is the view of patients of the same features and skills of nurses. The research was performed using the quantitative method in the form of a non-standardised questionnaire. The research was aimed at opinion of nurses and patients and so the first research set consisted of general nurses and the second set consisted of patients of hospital wards and ambulances. There were used two types of questionnaires ? one of them designed for general nurses and the other one for patients. The questionnaires contained identical questions so as we could perform a comparative analysis of answers from nurses and patients. The data analysis proved that general nurses assess their practical and communication skills better than the patients. It was also established that patients consider the communication skills of nurses to be the most important skill, while nurses stated for their practical skills to be the most important part of nursing care. When comparing the results, significant differences were established in answers of both of the groups. It concerned mainly the field of communication skills of nurses. The patients selected negative answers to questions whether nurses ask the patients for their opinions and whether the nurses know how to communicate with families of nurses. The negative findings confirmed that the communication field remains to be a problem in nursing and that more attention should be paid to it. It is significant to train the communication skills of nurses.

This diploma thesis deals with the possibilities of further education in the agencies of domiciliary care. This is a very current topic. Like any other profession, the nursing profession requires a particular education. The development of the new methods in the medical treatment and home care demands more thorough and specialised education of the nurses employed by the domiciliary-care agencies. The aim of the thesis was to find out the present situation of the nurses´ education in the domiciliary-care agencies, the professional specialisation of nurses, the possibilities of education, the nurses´ need of further education and the employers´ willingness to enable the nurses of the agencies to take part in the further education in their field. It can be said that the aims of the research have been fulfilled.

The diploma thesis investigates the current issues of the education structure and the company education system. The main object of the thesis is analysing the education and development process in the selected company, further to characterize and assess the existing processes and give a suggestion for options to improve the present situation.

O conhecimento de uma pessoa pode se tornar obsoleto ou incompleto rapidamente, visto que, na chamada sociedade da informação e do conhecimento, a todo instante surgem novas teorias e tecnologias que são rapidamente publicadas e disseminadas pelos novos meios de comunicação e informação, notadamente a Internet. Visando contribuir para a atenuação desse problema, o presente trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento de um ambiente baseado na Web que dê apoio à aprendizagem continuada de um indivíduo dentro de algum campo de interesse, facilitando, assim, a atualização de seus conhecimentos. Do ponto de vista tecnológico, o trabalho se apóia na recuperação de informações em contexto e na tecnologia de agentes de software; do ponto de vista pedagógico, inspira-se na pedagogia de projetos de aprendizagem. / The knowledge of a person can become rapidly obsolete or incomplete, since the called society of information and knowledge, all the time there are new theories and technologies that are quickly published and disseminated by new media and information, notably the Internet. Aiming to reduce this problem, this work proposes the development of a Web-based environment which provides support for lifelong learning of an individual within a certain field of interest, thus facilitating the upgrade of their knowledge. From a technological standpoint, the work relies on Information Retrieval in Context and the Technology of Software Agents, the pedagogical point of view, inspired by the Pedagogy of Learning Projects.

This work deals with the influence of a positive working environment in the work of nurses. At present, this issue is widely discussed, since there are large changes in the health sector. The problem concerns the lack of nurses, which is caused by nurses leaving to foreign countries to seek better working conditions. A lack of nurses is also caused by increasing demands on nurses, which is due to a reduced quality of health and nursing care. Furthermore, nurses are very badly paid. Another reason why nurses do not want to work in this profession is certainly the unhealthy working environment. An unhealthy environment reduces the performance of nurses, and often causes stress; long-term stress often has considerable consequences and nurses are forced to leave the workplace. If nurses are satisfied then patients are satisfied and the quality of care provided thus increases. This topic interested me because the issue of nurses working environment is currently very topical. I am also interested in how satisfied are nurses in the hospitals in which this research is carried out. In this research, I would like to learn how a positive work environment could be created for nurses. The research was conducted in hospitals in České Budějovice, Písek, Plzeň and Prague, through questionnaires and quantitative research. The research is based on a number of nurses working in these hospitals. The aim of this work is to see how a positive work environment affects nurses{\crq} work. The first hypothesis suggests that nurses need to perform their work a positive working environment. The second hypothesis should confirm that nurses need to perform their profession for a sufficient salary. The third hypothesis suggests that nurses need to perform their profession in a safe working environment. The fourth hypothesis should confirm that nurses welcome the opportunity of further education.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo investigar a aprendizagem de estudantes universitários de japonês como língua estrangeira (JLE) e sua autonomia fora da sala de aula no contexto da cidade de São Paulo. Levando em consideração que a aprendizagem de língua tem o caráter contínuo ao longo da vida, o aprendiz precisa desenvolver a capacidade de dirigir seu estudo por conta própria, ou seja, autonomia. Enquanto essa concepção indica um atributo do aprendiz, sua prática pode ser restrita por fatores externos como o ambiente e a relação com outras pessoas. A fim de pôr qualquer ação em prática que visa à promoção da autonomia do aprendiz, faz-se necessário reconhecer formas e ambientes reais em que a aprendizagem se concretiza. No geral, o aprendiz tende a realizar atividades com sua língua-alvo fora da sala de aula por sua iniciativa, e para desenvolver sua proficiência nesse contexto, ele precisa gerenciar seu estudo. Partindo-se dessa perspectiva, fora da sala de aula é uma situação em que permite observar a autonomia do aprendiz uma vez que há certo grau de liberdade de dirigir sua aprendizagem. A pesquisa teve a natureza qualitativa com dados qualitativos e quantitativos, e configurou-se como estudo de caso. Os participantes foram trinta estudantes no total, de uma disciplina da língua japonesa (LJ) de nível básico do curso de habilitação na língua de uma instituição de ensino superior, localizada na cidade de São Paulo. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados instrumentos; observação de aulas, questionário para todos os estudantes, entrevista para sete estudantes e diário de estudo para três estudantes. Para a análise, os dados foram identificados, descritos e interpretados. Os resultados apontam que os estudantes desenvolviam várias atividades utilizando a LJ além da sala de aula por sua iniciativa, principalmente as receptivas no domínio pessoal. Na maioria das atividades de interação, amigos e colegas de estudo foram interlocutores. Apesar da ampla disponibilidade de recursos para a aprendizagem da LJ na cidade graças à imigração japonesa e ao intercâmbio econômico e comercial com o Japão, os estudantes tenderam a utilizar recursos e meios digitais como sites da internet, redes sociais e chat. Embora muitas atividades fossem realizadas principalmente pelo interesse cultural, alguns alunos tentaram compreender o conhecimento obtido durante aulas, aplicando-o nas atividades fora do contexto da instituição educacional intencionalmente. Verificou-se também o esforço de uma estudante para procurar oportunidades de interagir com falantes da LJ no domínio público e profissional. / This thesis aims at investigating the learning of undergraduate students of Japanese as foreign language and their autonomy beyond the classroom in the city of São Paulo. Considering that language learning is a lifelong activity, a learner needs to develop the capacity to direct your study on your own, namely, autonomy. While this concept indicates an learner\'s attribute, its practice can be restricted by external factors such as his environment and relationship with other people. In order to put into practice any action in pursuit of this capacity, it is essential to comprehend real forms and environments in which learning occurs. Generally speaking, the learner tends to realize activities using his target language outside the classroom taking his initiative, and so as to develop his proficiency in this context, he needs to administrate his study under his own direction. From this perspective, it can be said that it is a situation in which allows us to observe the learner autonomy because there is a certain degree of freedom to direct his own study. This research was qualitative treating both qualitative and quantitative data, and its approach was case study. The participants were thirty undergraduate students in total of a Japanese language basic level subject of the language course in the city of São Paulo. For the data collection, the instruments such as classroom observation, questionnaire for thirty students, interview for seven students and learning diary for three students were employed, and for the analysis, the data was identified, described and interpreted. The results point out that the students developed various activities using Japanese beyond the classroom, especially that of reception in the personal domain. In many cases of interaction, friends and classmates were their interlocutors. Regardless of wide range of variety of resources available to Japanese language learning in the city due to the Japanese immigration to Brazil and economic relationship with Japan, these students tended to use digital resources and medias such as internet sites, social networking services and chat. Although most activities were held primarily because of their interest in Japanese culture, some participants sought to comprehend the linguistic knowledge acquired in the classroom, using it in those out-of-classroom activities. Among the student\'s attempts to use the language, it was observed that a student looked for opportunities to interact with Japanese speakers even in the public and professional domains.

Abstract This study aims to bring knowledge about human resources specialists perception and experiences of poor work-related mental health through different channels of learning, how they feel that work environment management is visible and how they get involved in it in organizations. This work environment management is largely regulated by the Work Environment Act, which was undergoing a correction in 2016. Research has shown that the developed guidelines are difficult to implement and evaluated in the real working life, due to lack of commitment from employer, and the increased requirement of individuals to acquire knowledge have increased, and then primarily focused on organizations efficiency. The theoretical framework used for the study is the lifelong learning, and aims to explain how the acquisition of knowledge about poor work-related mental health has taken place, and how these skills are used in the daily working life. The material for the study was collected through eight interviews and the results were presented through a thematic analysis. The results showed that formal education is often difficult to put in a real context, that the poor work-related mental health is often difficult to handle, and that it is through the informal learning that the informants learned to meet the phenomenon. It was found that the distinction between the physical and the psychosocial work environment was experienced as difficult to separate, and that the psychosocial work environment is often not seen to the same extent as the physical. The results also showed that occupational health services, and their cooperation with workplaces helped to make the work environment management visible for the employees. The role of the boss was crucial for the visualization, and also the sense of incentive in the work environment management. Informal learning proved to be of great importance to informants ability to be able to handle factors in the working life, but there is a lack of non-formal learning or formal learning that confirms the knowledge gained from informal learning. / Sammanfattning Denna kvalitativa studie syftar till att undersöka yrkesverksamma personalvetares uppfattning om arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa och om det arbetsmiljöarbete som bedrivs i förebyggande syfte mot arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa på deras arbetsplats. Arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa är ett växande fenomen som orsakas av den psykosociala arbetsmiljön. Arbetsmiljöarbetet är till stor del lagreglerat i arbetsmiljölagen, som genomgick en korrigering under 2016. Forskning visar dock att de riktlinjer som framtagits är svåra att implementera och utvärdera i det verkliga arbetslivet, att det råder brist på engagemang från arbetsgivaren, samt ett ökat krav på individer att förvärva kunskaper för att främst öka organisationers effektivitet. De teoretiska ramverk som använts för studien är det livslånga lärandet, och ämnar att förklara hur förvärvandet av kunskaper om arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa gått till, och dessa kunskaper används i arbetslivet. Studien utgick från åtta intervjuer och resultaten presenterades genom en tematisk analys. Det visade sig att formell utbildning många gånger är svårt att sätta i en verklig kontext, att fenomenet arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa ofta är svårbemött, och att det är genom det informella lärandet som informanterna lärde sig att bemöta det. Det visade sig även att särskiljandet av den fysiska och den psykosociala arbetsmiljön upplevdes som svåra att separera, och att den psykosociala arbetsmiljön då ofta inte synliggjordes i samma utsträckning som den fysiska. Resultaten visade även på att samarbetet med företagshälsovården på arbetsplatser hjälpte till att synliggöra ett arbetsmiljöarbete. Chefens roll var avgörande många gånger för synliggörandet samt känslan av ett inkulderande i arbetsmiljöarbetet. Det informella lärandet visade sig vara av stor betydelse för informanternas möjlighet att kunna hantera faktorer i arbetslivet, men att det finns en avsaknad av icke-formellt lärande eller formellt lärande i arbetslivet, som bekräftar den kunskap som kommer från det informella lärandet.

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In South Africa today a constant stream of demands characterise higher education. The global employment market expects graduating students to be flexible, adoptable and prepared to take responsibility for their own learning and their own continuous professional development. The pace of technological change in health sciences and the volume of available information highlight the need to develop students’ critical reflective thinking. A paradigm shift is required in health science education from one of providing instruction to one of promoting effective and lifelong learning. Educators in health sciences need to revisit, rethink and evaluate criteria for health practice. The challenge of this research is to investigate the integration of critical reflection as a learning strategy in the outcomes of learning programmes within a transformative education approach; the integration of theory and practice through a reflective learning approach; the development and implementation of different learning tools to facilitate effective learning; the importance of establishing an understanding of the link between the learning styles of students and critical reflection as a learning strategy; and the value of the integration of critical reflection to promote lifelong learning. A mixed methods research approach was primarily utilised to monitor facilitation of learning initiatives and appropriate activities for strengthening the learning-centred approach, through reflective journals and reflective learning groups. A quantitative and qualitative study was used in which a pilot study questionnaire, observations, structured interviews and questionnaires were conducted and completed. The findings of this investigation indicate that critical reflection adds value to the effectiveness of learning. The investigation also revealed the value of sharing learning experiences in a small learning group and proved that the learning environment for radiography education allows enough opportunities to integrate an alternative learning strategy such as critical reflection. All role players in health science education need to build their own skills to function effectively as whole brain thinkers with a view to maximizing learning effectiveness. Reflective practice enhances lifelong learning and can also be utilised as a tool for quality control of the learning programme. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Curriculum Studies / unrestricted

This study aims to address a gap in knowledge about Further Education college flexible learning centres and their contribution to lifelong learning. Flexible learning centres were established as a response to the lifelong learning agenda of the 1990s and are now in the front line in responding to government initiatives to improve employability and foster social inclusion. Their tutors work in a contested area where the boundaries between teaching and supporting learning are blurred and the learning achieved may be undervalued by the Inspectorate and college authorities. This study adopts a qualitative approach of narrative inquiry to analyse the learning culture of the Flexible Learning Centre (FLC) of Hollypark College, focusing on 15 learners’ and 2 tutors’ narratives elicited by episodic interviews. The narratives of learning biographies and work biographies of learners and tutors are explored, supplemented by quantitative data from College databases. The study evaluates the ways in which the pedagogical approach of selfdirected study with tutor support appears to be successful for predominantly mature learners wishing to acquire mainly Information Technology (IT) skills which may enhance their chances of employment or benefit them in other ways. Building on recent work on learning cultures, social capital, well-being and identity theories, the study gives a voice to these learners who are so far unheard and despite the demographic population shift to increasing numbers of older people, are not the focus of current government policy initiatives. Focus on employability which is equated with acquiring skills is seen as too narrow to encompass the wider needs met and benefits accrued by attending the FLC. The findings are that this FLC’s approach is particularly effective for older learners in general in acquiring IT skills. Those made redundant, the retired, those in work and carers who may have been out of the workforce for some time may flourish in this learning environment where mainstream courses cannot offer equivalent flexibility and opportunities to structure their own learning. The learning culture of the Flexible Learning Centre provides a space where such learners may not only acquire IT skills but may also increase their social and cultural capital while opening up new horizons for their future. Tutor/learner relationships are of key importance and the learning taking place should be re-evaluated by the Inspectorate and government alike.