Title: Assess the degree of valgus and varus knee joint in the second stage students in primary school in the Karlovarský region. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore and assess the degree of weakening of the lower limbs in the knee joint area in children of second stage of primary school in Karlovarský region. The effort was get as much information from the test subjects to understand and determining problems in the lower limbs. It measured two types of impairment, valgus and varus knee. Part of this study was to find what sports activities affect the creation or increase of individual weakness in the recreational and competitive level. Methods: The thesis is conducted as an empirical quantitative research, which focuses on finding descriptive and associative relationships between variables. From a methodological point of view this is a type of observation. To determine the necessary data was used planimetric method: trigonometric measurement. Measurements were attended by 531 children, including 243 boys and 288 girls aged from 11 to 16. This has involved completing a questionnaire form with basic somatic details and types of sporting activities. Results: The results show significant differences between girls and boys with genu valgum and genu varum. Girls also reached higher values...

Les modèles cinématiques de plissement permettent de prévoir l'architecture des anticlinaux en profondeur à partir de leurs géométries de surface. Bien que les modèles classiques de type « kink-band » soient faciles à utiliser, ils ne peuvent expliquer que des géométries de plis limitées. Le modèle trishear surmonte cet inconvénient, mais son application reste difficile à mettre en oeuvre notamment en raison de nombreux paramètres mal contraints tels que le rapport P/S et l'angle de trishear. Dans cette thèse, nous avons développé un modèle cinématique de plissement à angle d'inter-flancs variable qui permet de rendre compte de toutes les variétés géométriques de plis sur propagation de faille. Ce modèle est basé sur la géométrie « kink-band » et son application nécessite de connaître uniquement les paramètres de surface du pli (plongements des flancs, amplitude et longueur d'onde du pli). Le modèle permet de quantifier le rapport P/S du pli durant sa croissance, ainsi que son évolution tardive en pli de rupture. Le modèle a été appliqué à la chaîne plissée et faillée de l'Atlas tunisien pour estimer la profondeur du niveau de décollement des plis sur propagation de faille. Les résultats se corrèlent bien avec les données de subsurface, au contraire des autres modèles classiques et du modèle de trishear où il est difficile d’établir une relation entre la géométrie de surface des anticlinaux et leur architecture profonde. / Kinematic models of folding allow deducing the deep architecture of folds from their surface geometries. Classical models are easy to use because of their kink-band geometry but they are only able to explain some particular fold shapes. The trishear model overcomes this drawback, but its application remains limited because it necessitates the knowledge of several unconstrained parameters such as the P/S ratio and the trishear angle. In this work, we developed a kinematic model based on the variation of the inter-limb angle during the folding. The model allows accounting for all surface geometries of fault-propagation folds. Since this model is based on the kink-band geometry, its application only requires the knowledge of the fold surface parameters, i.e. the dip of both limbs and the fold amplitude and wavelength. The model is also able to quantify the P/S ratio during the fold growth, together with its latest evolutional stage as a breakthrough fold. We applied the model in the Tunisian Atlas fold-and-thrust belt to estimate the depth of the decollement level associated to fault-propagation anticlines. Results are in good agreement with subsurface data. In contrast, both the other classical and trishear models are unable to explain the relationship between the surface geometry of anticlines and their deep architecture.

La récupération optimale des amplitudes articulaires (AAs) et de la force musculaire est un objectif crucial de la réadaptation fonctionnelle intensive (RFI) à la suite d’une lésion médullaire (LM). Le but de la présente étude était de documenter les changements d’AAs des membres supérieurs durant la RFI chez des individus (n = 197) ayant subi une LM et d’établir le lien avec l’autonomie fonctionnelle. Les données (AA, force musculaire, spasticité, déficiences secondaires, autonomie fonctionnelle) ont été collectées à l’admission et au congé de la RFI. Des analyses descriptives, des tests d’association entre les changements d’AAs et des variables indépendantes (douleur, spasticité, déficiences secondaires, force) et des analyses multivariées ont été utilisées. Les individus ayant une paraplégie présentent peu de déficit d’AAs à l’épaule comparés à ceux ayant une tétraplégie. Parmi ces derniers, une majorité présente des AAs sous les valeurs de normalité en fin de RFI. Le groupe D, établi selon l’évaluation de l’American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA D) présente des pertes d’AAs plus importante qu’attendue. La douleur au niveau articulaire est un facteur influençant les changements d’AAs, particulièrement dans ce groupe. La force musculaire chez les personnes ayant une tétraplégie sévère (ASIA ABC) est plus faible que celle du groupe ayant une lésion moins sévère (ASIA D). Généralement, le gain de force corrèle avec le gain d’AA. La force musculaire, les AAs et le nombre de déficiences secondaires sont les principaux éléments influençant l’autonomie fonctionnelle. En conclusion, la perte d’AA est plus importante à l’articulation de l’épaule et, pour plusieurs individus, malgré un gain significatif, les AAs n’atteignent pas les valeurs de référence au congé de la RFI. La force musculaire et certaines déficiences secondaires sont des éléments à considérer pour expliquer les pertes d’AAs et d’autonomie fonctionnelle. Les études futures devront clarifier certains aspects dont l’atteinte de la rotation médiale qui semble montrer un patron différent de récupération en comparaison des autres mouvements de l’épaule. De plus, les études devront montrer si ces changements et résultats sont maintenus après le congé de la RFI. / Optimal recovery of range of motion (ROM) and strength are critical objectives of intensive rehabilitation following spinal cord injury (SCI). The aim of this study was to characterize the evolution of ROM and strength at the upper limb and analyze their relationship with functional independence during intensive rehabilitation. Data ROM, strength, spasticity, secondary impairments, functional independence) from 197 participants with SCI were collected at admission and discharge from intensive rehabilitation and were analyzed with descriptive statistics and multivariate analyses (regressions, ANOVA). Specific association analyses were used to determine the level of association between ROM, strength and independent variables such as pain, spasticity and secondary impairments. Lesser deficit in ROM was observed in participants with paraplegia compared to those with tetraplegia. The deficit in individuals with tetraplegia was larger to an extent that most of them did not reach normality in ROM at shoulder joint. Surprisingly, individuals with less severe injury according to the American Spinal Injury Association classification (ASIA D) showed larger deficit of ROM than expected. Joint pain was related to reduce ROM, particularly in participants with ASIA D lesion. Values of muscle strength in individuals with more severe tetraplegia (ASIA ABC) are lower than the ones observed in individuals with less severe injury (ASIA D). Overall, strength and ROM were correlated, except for medial rotation movement. ROM, strength, and secondary impairments are the major determinants of functional independence. In conclusion, shoulder joint was the most affected joint of the upper limb, and, despite of significant gains of ROM, abnormalities were greater than expected. Strength and some secondary impairment were related in loss of ROM and functional independence throughout rehabilitation. More study will be needed to understand the medial rotation movement at the shoulder that seems to evolve differently from other movements, and to determine whether or not changes observed during rehabilitation are maintained over time.

Suite à un accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC), des déficits au membre controlatéral et ipsilatéral à la lésion cérébrale sont observés chez les personnes avec un AVC. La performance du membre ipsilatéral est déterminée par l’importance de la sévérité clinique du membre controlatéral ainsi que par l’adéquation du traitement bihémisphérique des informations sensori-motrices. L’objectif de la présente étude est de comparer la performance motrice de la main ipsilatérale lors de diverses tâches nécessitant un niveau plus ou moins complexe de traitement de l’information chez une clientèle hémiplégique ayant une faible sévérité clinique. Les résultats démontrent que les forces de pinces entre le pouce et l’index du membre ipsilatéral sont modulées et anticipées adéquatement chez les personnes avec un AVC ayant une faible sévérité clinique tel que démontré par des scores de cinq ou plus au Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment (modules bras et main). La performance motrice du membre ipsilatéral lors de l’exécution d’une tâche de coordination bilatérale est comparable à celle du membre dominant des sujets sains lorsque la tâche est réalisée sans interaction entre les membres supérieurs (deux objets) et elle est perturbée lorsqu’elle implique une action coordonnée et réciproque des membres supérieurs sur un même objet. Ces personnes, ayant une bonne récupération motrice, ont donc une problématique centrale d’intégration et de traitement de l’information sensori-motrice lorsqu’il y a une complexification de la tâche à réaliser. Ces résultats suggèrent donc que les cliniciens devraient porter une attention plus particulière aux activités unilatérales et de coordination bilatérales lors le l’exécution de tâches complexes nécessitant un niveau d’intégration sensori-motrice élevé. / As a result of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), deficits in the controlateral and ipsilateral limb of the brain lesion are observed in person who had had a CVA. The performance of the ipsilateral limb is determined by the clinical severity of the contralateral limb and by the adequacy of bi-hemispheral processing of information. The objective of the present study is to compare the motor performance of the ipsilateral hand during tasks implying different level of sensori-motor integration in patients with low clinical impairments. The results demonstrated that the pinch strengths between the thumb and the index finger of the ipsilateral limb are modulated and anticipated adequately in stroke persons who have a good motor recovery such as demonstrated by scores of five or more in the Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment (arm and hand parts). The motor performance of the ipsilateral limb of stroke persons during the execution of a bilateral coordination task is comparable to the motor performance of the dominant limb of healthy subjects when the task is realized without interaction between upper limbs (two objects) and it is perturbed when it implies a coordinated and reciprocal action of upper limbs on the same object. Consequently, these stroke persons with a good motor recovery have a central problem of integration and processing of sensori-motor informations when a more complex task has to be realized. These results suggest that the clinicians should pay more attention during unilateral tasks and during tasks with bilateral coordination that require a higher level of sensori-motor integration.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:06:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiano Braun de Moraes.pdf: 1084322 bytes, checksum: 27c8c8cac757f91e433fd9e084ba6016 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present study aimed to investigate the level of physical fitness of students from elementary school in Florianópolis. This research is characterized as descriptive, with the school population of males and females aged 9-12 years enrolled in the fourth and fifth years of elementary education in the public schools in Florianópolis, capital city from state of Santa Catarina. The sample selection was intentional and was conducted in 3 public schools, and data collection was performed in three steps. In the first step, the anthropometric data of 297 children (weight, height and BMI ) were assessed. In a second step, the research presents conducted a review of Physical Fitness, using such instruments as the tests that make up the MAFE Manual of Physical Evaluation in School that shows: Aerobic Capacity, Speed, Flexibility, Agility and the Strength of upper limbs and lower body. As a third step, psychosocial aspects related to the evaluation by means of a questionnaire answered by the students was held. In statistical analysis, it was used descriptive statistics, through the analysis of simple frequencies and percentages, analysis of variance and standard deviation, minimum, maximum and median values, using the statistical program EPINFO by analyzing the distributions of simple frequencies and percentage. The results showed that the physical fitness of schoolchildren have content similar to another regions of the country. The boys obtained values of physical fitness statistically superior to girls in all tests, except for the upper limb strength test, which were not identified differences in relation to gender. Concerning anthropometric measures, both boys and girls had a body mass index - BMI - average as being normal for the age group between 9-12 years. The psychosocial questionnaire was conducted to characterize the school. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o nível de aptidão física de escolares, do Ensino Fundamental 1, do município de Florianópolis. Esta pesquisa é caracterizada como descritiva, tendo como população os escolares dos sexos masculino e feminino, com idade entre 9 a 12 anos, matriculados no quarto e no quinto anos do Ensino Fundamental da rede pública de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. A seleção da amostra foi do tipo intencional. A coleta de dados foi realizada em 3 escolas da rede pública, e em três etapas. Na primeira etapa, foram avaliados os dados antropométricos dos 297 escolares (peso, estatura e IMC). Em um segundo momento, foi realizada a avaliação da Aptidão Física, utilizando como instrumento de medida os testes que compõem o MAFE Manual de Avaliação Física Escolar: Capacidade Aeróbica, Velocidade, Flexibilidade, Agilidade, Força de Membros Inferiores e Superiores. Como terceira etapa, relacionado aos aspectos psicossociais, foi realizada a avaliação por meio de um formulário respondido pelos alunos. No tratamento estatístico, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva, mediante a análise das frequências simples e percentuais, análise de variância e desvio-padrão, valores mínimo, máximo e mediano, utilizando o programa estatístico EPINFO, mediante a análise das distribuições das frequências simples e percentuais. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os escolares pesquisados possuem índice de aptidão física semelhante aos de outras regiões do país. Os meninos obtiveram valores de aptidão física, estatisticamente superiores, às meninas em todos os testes, com exceção do teste de força de membros superiores, em que não se identificou diferença em relação ao gênero. Quanto às medidas antropométricas, tanto os meninos quanto as meninas obtiveram índice de massa corporal IMC médio normal para faixa etária entre 9 a 12 anos. O questionário psicossocial foi realizado para caracterização dos escolares.

We used RUSI (rehabilitative ultrasound imaging) for measurement of abdominal and back muscle in different loading modes. Methods: We used diagnostic ultrasonography imaging for taking linear measurement of trunk muscles. We measured anterioposterior (AP) dimensions of lateral abdominal wall muscles- m. OE, m.OI, m.TrA and cross-section area (CSA) of lumbar m. multifidus. We compared two groups of sports-floorball players and sportsman using climbing and hanging (climbers, aerialists). We measured positions with compressive force (kneeling on all four with lifted knees) and with traction load (hang with upper limbs with flexion of lower limbs-with leg support and without). Study is made on 50 volunteers. Results: The pattern of thickness of abdominal muscles is same in all positions in both groups. The lowest is always AP thickness of m. TrA, wider is m. OE and the widest always m. OI. The resting thickness are in both groups almost in all cases the lowest. AP thickness in m. TrA in floorball players is only exception, there is lowest in hang without legs support. In all other case sis resting position always lowest. For m. OE are results same for both climbers and floorball players-the lowest thickness is in hang with legs support (floorball players 0,84 cm, climbers 0,87), greater activationis...

La Dysplasie Ectodermique Hypohidrotique liée à l'X (DEX) est une maladie génétique liée à une mutation du gène EDA. Le phénotype exprimé par le modèle murin Tabby est l'équivalent de celui observé dans l'espèce humaine et présente des anomalies dentaires, cranio-faciales, vertébrales et des défauts de trabéculation osseuse. Dans ce contexte, une cartographie de ces anomalies chez le mutant Tabby était nécessaire et l'analyse de l’impact de la mutation Eda/Ta sur la croissance du squelette crânien et post-crânien a été étudiée. Un suivi longitudinal d'une cohorte d'individus murin Tabby (5 mâles hémizygotes EdaTa/Y, 6 femelles hétérozygotes EdaTa/+) et sauvages (n=12) a été réalisé à partir d’une succession d’acquisitions TDM pendant plus de 2 ans. L'observation des profils de croissance et de leurs paramètres a montré des anomalies de croissance du complexe crânio-facial, de la base du crâne (hypo-développement crânien) et un déficit de croissance relatif des os longs (fémur et humérus) chez les souris hémizygotes EdaTa/Y. Ces résultats mettent pour la première fois en évidence des anomalies de développement des os longs et confirment le rôle d’EDA-A dans la formation normale du squelette. Ces données constituent un pré-requis essentiel pour tester l’efficacité de tentatives de réversion phénotypique à partir de protéines recombinantes. / X-linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (XLHED) is a genetic disorder due to a mutation of the EDA gene. The phenotype expressed by Tabby mice, murine model of XLHED, is equivalent to that observed in humans including dental anomalies, craniofacial and vertebral trabecular bone defects. In this context, a mapping of these anomalies in Tabby mice was necessary and the impact of the EdaTa mutation on cranial and post -cranial skeletal growth was studied. A 2 years (112 weeks) μCT follow-up of Tabby mice (5 hemizygous males EdaTa/Y, 6 heterozygous females EdaTa/+) and Wild Type group (n = 12) hasbeen performed. The observation of growth patterns and parameters showed a relative cranial hypodevelopment, abnormal growth of the craniofacial complex and a relative hypo-development of appendicular skeleton (femur and humerus) in Tabby mice. These results allowed for the first time to highlight appendicular developmental abnormalities, confirming the role of EDA-A in the normal formation of the skeleton. While enriching the phenotypic picture of this syndrome, in a therapeuticperspective, all of these data are an essential prerequisite to test the effectiveness of attempts to phenotypic reversion from recombinant proteins.

Title: Evaluation criteria in running techniques in younger school age Objectives: The aim of this work is to perform the evaluation criteria in running technique in younger janitor age. In selected children I observed their technique of running in individual criteria. From the obtained data we will further find out how and in what the selected children improved. We will observe and assess individual criteria that will help us to the overall technique in the run. Methods: The experimental method of observation and measurement under artificially induced conditions was used. Results: I have found that children of younger school age can be significantly improved in the running technique for two months. In this period, children have great potential to learn new movements. I think that repeated specific running exercises help to improve the technique in running. Keywords: reflection, running step, vertical and horizontal movement of center of gravity, movement of upper limbs

Objetivo: Establecer la asociación entre el nivel de funcionalidad y la fuerza miembros inferiores en adultos mayores en comunidad. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de transversal analítico en una comunidad de adulto mayor en Lima Perú. La población está conformada por adultos mayores de 60 años. Las variables de resultado fue la funcionalidad y las de exposición fueron la fuerza funcional en miembros inferiores y como confusoras el equilibrio y la masa magra apendicular para ello se aplicaron 6 pruebas. La primera evalúa la funcionalidad en general del adulto mayor mediante el SF-36, el cual abarca 8 dimensiones como funcionamiento físico, rol físico, dolor corporal, salud general, vitalidad, funcionamiento social, rol emocional y salud mental, el segundo evalúa la funcionalidad de miembros inferiores del adulto mayor. El tercero es el test de cinco veces pararse de sedente, que evalúa la fuerza muscular funcional de miembros inferiores. Para la medición de las variables confusoras utilizamos: El test de alcance máximo que mide la flexibilidad de miembros inferiores. Ponte de pie y anda que mide el equilibrio dinámico, coordinación y velocidad. Finalmente, se midió la masa muscular de miembros inferiores con la fórmula de Masa magra apendicular esquelética (MMAE). La recolección de datos se realizó con 2 personas y la muestra fue estratificada en edad y sexo. Se evaluó a cada participante en un ambiente específico para las evaluaciones en la misma comunidad de adulto mayor. Resultados: Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la funcionalidad de miembros inferiores y la fuerza funcional de miembros inferiores (β =-0.642, p=0.003). Asimismo, otras variables que estuvieron asociadas a la funcionalidad de miembros inferiores son flexibilidad (p=0.006) y caídas (p=0.001). Conclusión: En el presente estudio fue realizado en Lima Perú; en el distrito de Molina Centro Integral del adulto mayor (CIAM) se encontró que existe asociación entre el nivel de funcionalidad de miembros inferiores con la fuerza funcional de miembros inferiores en adultos mayores. Asimismo, las variables caídas y flexibilidad también estuvieron relacionadas con el nivel de funcionalidad. / Objective: establish the association between the level of functionality and the lower member force in community older adults. Materials and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in an older adult community in Lima Peru. The population is made up of adults over 60 years. The outcome variables were the functionality and the exposure variables were the functional force in the lower limbs and as balance the balance and the appendicular lean mass for this purpose, 6 tests were applied. The first assesses the functionality of the elderly in general through the SF-36, which covers 8 dimensions such as physical functioning, physical role, body pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, emotional role and mental health, the second evaluates functionality of lower limbs of the elderly. The third is the five-times sit to stand test, which evaluates the functional muscle strength of the lower limbs. For the measurement of confusing variables, we use: The maximum range test that measures the flexibility of lower limbs. Stand up and walk that measures dynamic balance, coordination and speed. Finally, the lower limb muscle mass was measured with the skeletal appendicular lean mass (MMAE) formula. Data collection was performed with 2 people and the sample was stratified in age and sex. Each participant was evaluated in a specific environment for assessments in the same senior community. Results: A statistically significant association was found between lower limb functionality and lower limb functional strength (β = -0.642, p = 0.003). Likewise, other variables that were associated with lower limb functionality are flexibility (p = 0.006) and falls (p = 0.001). Conclusions: In the present study, it was made in Lima Peru; In the district of Molina Centro Integral for the Elderly (CIAM) it was found that there is an association between the level of functionality of the lower limbs and the functional strength of the lower limbs in older adults. Likewise, the variables falls, and flexibility were also related to the level of functionality. / Tesis

À l’holocène, le développement de l'agriculture par les populations humaines a modifié la morphologique du squelette humain. Dans ce cadre, plusieurs recherches se sont intéressées à la biomécanique des populations passées et modernes. Elles supposent qu’une activité physique répétée affecte la structure de l’os. Cette réponse osseuse est analysée par les propriétés géométriques de l’os qui permettent de reconstruire le comportement passé et présent des individus. La distribution osseuse en coupe a donc été étudiée sur les membres supérieurs et inférieurs de populations centrafricaines (du Cameroun et de la République Démocratique du Congo). La première hypothèse de ce mémoire est la suivante, les agriculteurs centrafricains, au mode de vie sédentaire, auraient les membres supérieurs plus robustes, tandis que les chasseurs-cueilleurs, plus mobiles, auraient les membres inférieurs plus robustes. La deuxième hypothèse suppose que les populations d’un milieu/terrain plus accidenté auraient les membres, supérieurs et/ou inférieurs, plus robustes. Nos résultats indiquent plutôt que les chasseurs-cueilleurs et les agriculteurs ont la même robustesse générale, bien que les peuples non sédentarisés soient plus robustes à la mi-diaphyse des radius droits. Contrairement à ce qui était attendu, les fémurs sont plus résistants (CSA) chez les agriculteurs, quand ils sont standardisés par la masse corporelle. En revanche, la moitié supérieure des tibias semblent être plus robuste chez les chasseurs-cueilleurs, quand les propriétés sont standardisées par la longueur de l’os. Les radius et les ulnas des chasseurs-cueilleurs vivant en forêt et en montagne ont la même robustesse. Enfin, seule la section distale des fibulas est plus résistante (CSA) chez les chasseurs-cueilleurs de la montagne que chez les chasseurs-cueilleurs de la forêt. En conclusion, ce mémoire ne nous permet pas d’affirmer que la transition vers l’agriculture s’accompagne d’une réduction de la mobilité et de la robustesse en Afrique centrale. En revanche, il montre que ces individus sont quand même influencés par leur stratégie de subsistance. Un plus grand échantillon est nécessaire pour mieux documenter la transition agricole et l’influence du milieu sur la structure osseuse en Afrique centrale. / The emergence of farming in the Holocene had major impacts on human populations. Many biomechanical studies have explored past and recent populations and have suggested that physical activity affects bone structure. Cross-sectional geometric properties of bones are measured to reconstruct past and recent human behavior. The present study analyses bone cross-sectional geometry of upper and lower limbs long bones of Central African populations (from Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of Congo). This study is based on the premise that agriculturalists, a sedentary group using their upper limbs for farming activities, have more robust upper limbs, while hunter-gatherers, that have an extremely mobile lifestyle, have more robust lower limbs. In addition, it is assumed that populations in more rugged environments/terrains would have more robust upper and/or lower limbs. Against expectation, the upper limbs of non-sedentary and sedentary populations have the same robusticity, although the right radius midshafts of hunter-gatherers are more robust. The femora are more robust in agriculturalists when the significant properties are normalized by body mass. In contrast, the upper part of the tibiae is more robust in hunter-gatherers when the properties are standardised by bone length. Against expectation, it was found that the upper limbs (radii and ulnae) of hunter-gatherers living in the lowland forests and in the mountains have the same robustness. Meanwhile, for the lower limbs, the fibula is more robust in people living in the mountains than those in the forest. In conclusion, these findings do not allow us to assert that the transition to agriculture is accompanied by a reduction in mobility and robusticity in the lower limbs or an increase in robusticity of the upper limb. Nonetheless, this study suggests that individuals are influenced by their economic strategy. However, a larger sample will be needed to better evaluate the role of the transition to agriculture on bone structure in Central Africa.