The purpose of this research is to develop a rapid determination method for heavy metals in soil. Using X-ray fluorescence to obtain soil metals decision limit (CC£\) and detection capability (CC£]), to establish the scope of soil metal concentration selection. Then aqua regia digestion digestion and ICP-OES analysis of Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu area to check the accuracy of screening. Operating conditions; First, the soil standard samples for the Establishment and assessment of the applicability of the standard. Finally,using of the soil near the control standard establish methods and explore ways to establish the applicability and potential impact. I hope this research can provide a fast, accurate, and sensitivity of soil heavy metal screening, to achieve savings of cost. The results show that the standard reference soil Cu: screening rate was 79.7%, sensitivity was 43.6% and an specificity of 87.7%; reference standard soil Pb: screening rate was 91.5%, a sensitivity of 8.3% specificity 91.5%;reference standard soil Cr:screening rate was 100%, sensitivity was 0%, 100% specificity; reference standard soil Ni: screening rate was 96.1%, sensitivity was 0%, specificity 92.4%; reference standard soil Zn: screening rate was 82.4%, sensitivity was 69.2%, specificity 87.1%; reaching control values of soil Cu: screening rate was 83.0%, sensitivity was 30.8%, specificity of 84.3%. Screening rate and specificity with 80%, the sensitivity poor areas, water was the major disturbance factor.

Abstract Cross-strait exchanges have become more frequent since Taiwan abolished the martial law on July 16th, 1987. At the same year, the restriction on family visit to China was deregulated on November 2nd. However, the Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area about protection of Mainland people¡¦s right is obviously incomplete. For instance, according to Article 95-3 of Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and The Mainland Area, the provisions of the Administrative Procedures Act shall not apply to the handling of the matters related to the dealings between the people of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area. The regulation really retarded the development of cross-strait exchanges. Besides, the researcher found out that the Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area is not in accordance with the social¡¦s status in cross-strait exchanges. Therefore, the Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area has to be regulated. In this research, the author reviewed the regulations, mechanisms and social status in managing way on the basis of the five frameworks of administrative laws, including Basic Principle, Administrative Organization, Administrative Competence, Administrative Remedy and Administrative Supervision, and literature review, comparative analysis and historical induction. For the purpose of improving regulations of cross-strait exchanges, the researcher suggested that the Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area should be re-legislated.

The melamine incident 2008 was a global food crisis and drew attentions to other potential food safety risks. Although there are regulations and standards for food safety, but one common problem in food risk management is that it lacks on hazard indicators - indicators in ranking of food risk and control. The three algorithms developed in this article were: 1. A distribution fitting algorithm proposed to estimate population parameters for left-censored melamine data under log-normal assumption. 2. A risk index algorithm proposed to screen out food product categories with higher concentration without considering measurement uncertainty. 3. A misjudgment probability algorithm proposed to calculate the probability that food categories containing melamine more than legal limit but classified satisfactory under consideration of measurement uncertainty. The test results on melamine collected from the website of the Centre for Food Safety of Hong Kong are empirically analyzed by the proposed algorithms. The risk index (RI) and the consumer¡¦s risk (CR) of multiple food categories are discussed and compared in details. Based on risk index (RI) and consumer¡¦s risk (CR), we build a risk assessment process to help assess melamine risk and make sample strategy in surveillance programme. The proposed risk assessment process can be applied to other chemical contaminant problems such as plasticizer (phthalate esters) and ractopamine (paylean), etc.

With the progress of technology, large capacity and scalable are required for the future. Recent years, the physical limit is approached and a next-generation memory is needed in the future. In addition, non- volatile memory occupies more than 96% in the memory market, and RRAM has great advantages such as simple structure, high scalable, low operation voltage, high operation speed, high endurance and retention. That is the reason RRAM is the candidate in the next generation. In this experiment, multi-sputtering was used to deposit Zr:SiO 2 and Pt on TiN bottom electrode. The sandwich structure was metal/insulator/metal (MIM). With the different dielectric constant material, a different electrical field will be produced. And then I-V measurement and materials analysis were used to investigate the characteristic of the RRAM. At first, a forming process is required to the RRAM. The device was swept from negative to positive voltage and obtained the conduction mechanism from curve fitting. The different dielectric constant materials were used to fabricate the RRAM. High and low dielectric materials were HfO 2 and BN, respectively. The electric field distribution is centralized in low dielectric material so the electrons will drift to the direction of electric field. Hence, the Vset will be centralized and more stable. We also fabricated a Zr:SiO 2 /C:SiO 2 RRAM as an high K and low K material. The current fitting results that a hopping conduction occurs in low resistive state (LRS) and high resistive state (HRS). Both from Raman spectrum and FT-IR spectrum, a graphene oxide was existed in the C:SiO 2 thin film. While the filament was form, the tip of the filament will approach the graphene oxide because of the point effect. Hence, the resistance switching will happen in the grapheme oxide and set voltage will be more stable and lower the operated current. Next, an ICP treatment was used in order to "burn" the carbon in SiO 2 . The purpose is to make an extremely low K material and ignore the effect of the existence of carbon. From the FT-IR spectrum, the carbon signals were disappeared after the ICP oxygen plasma treatment. In the I-V fitting diagram, space char limit results in the high voltage region. The electrical field simulation was an auxiliary tool which shows a strong electrical field occurs in the extremely low K area. While the electrons flow through the conduction path, they will be confined in the porous area. The operation current will decrease because of the limited conduction area.

This dissertation is devoted to groups generated by bounded automata and geometric objects related to these groups (limit spaces, Schreier graphs, etc.). It is shown that groups generated by bounded automata are contracting. We introduce the notion of a post-critical set of a finite automaton and prove that the limit space of a contracting self-similar group generated by a finite automaton is post-critically finite (finitely-ramified) if and only if the automaton is bounded. We show that the Schreier graphs on levels of automaton groups can be constructed by an iterative procedure of inflation of graphs. This was used to associate a piecewise linear map of the form fK(v) = minA∈KAv, where K is a finite set of nonnegative matrices, with every bounded automaton. We give an effective criterium for the existence of a strictly positive eigenvector of fK. The existence of nonnegative generalized eigenvectors of fK is proved and used to give an algorithmic way for finding the exponents λmax and λmin of the maximal and minimal growth of the components of f(n) K (v). We prove that the growth exponent of diameters of the Schreier graphs is equal to λmax and the orbital contracting coefficient of the group is equal to 1/λmin . We prove that the simple random walks on orbital Schreier graphs are recurrent. A number of examples are presented to illustrate the developed methods with special attention to iterated monodromy groups of quadratic polynomials. We present the first example of a group whose coefficients λmin and λmax have different values.

This work presents a method for building a three-dimensional mesh from two- dimensional topologically identical layers, for use in aeroelastic simulations. The method allows modeling of large deformations of the wing in both the span direction and deformations in the cord of the wing. In addition, the method allows for the modeling of wings attached to fuselages. The mesh created is a hybrid mesh, which allows cell clustering in the viscous region. The generated mesh is high quality and allows capturing of nonlinear uid structure interactions in the form of limit cycle oscillation.

The author develops a nonlinear longitudinal model of an aircraft modeled by rigid fuselage, tail, and wing, where the wing is attached to the fuselage with a torsional spring. The main focus of this research is to retain the full nonlinearities associated with the system and to perform gust load alleviation for the model by comparing the impact of a proportional-integral- lter nonzero setpoint linear controller with control rate weighting and a nonlinear Lyapunov-based controller. The four degree of freedom longitudinal system under consideration includes the traditional longitudinal three degree of freedom aircraft model and one additional degree of freedom due to the torsion from the wing attachment. Computational simulations are performed to show the aeroelastic response of the aircraft due to a gust load disturbance with and without control. Results presented in this thesis show that the linear model fails to capture the true nonlinear response of the system and the linear controller based on the linear model does not stabilize the nonlinear system. The results from the Lyapunov-based control demonstrate the ability to stabilize the nonlinear response, including the presence of an LCO, and emphasize the importance of examining the fully nonlinear system with a nonlinear controller.

Abstract In this dissertation, person identification systems based on Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT) are investigated. Both speaker and face recognition are considered in our design. Among many aspects of the system design issues, three important problems: how to improve the correct classification rate, how to reduce the computational cost and how to increase the robustness property of the system, are addressed in this thesis. Improvement of the correct classification rate and reduction of the computational cost for the person identification system can be accomplished by appropriate feature design methodology. KLT and hard-limited KLT (HLKLT) are proposed here to extract class related features. Theoretically, KLT is the optimal transform in minimum mean square error and maximal energy packing sense. The transformed data is totally uncorrelated and it contains most of the classification information in the first few coordinates. Therefore, satisfactory correct classification rate can be achieved by using only the first few KLT derived eigenfeatures. In the above data transformation process, the transformed data is calculated from the inner products of the original samples and the selected eigenvectors. The computation is of course floating point arithmetic. If this linear transformation process can be further reduced to integer arithmetic, the time used for both person feature training and person classification will be greatly reduced. The hard-limiting process (HLKLT) here is used to extract the zero-crossing information in the eigenvectors, which is hypothesized to contain important information that can be used for classification. This kind of feature tremendously simplifies the linear transformation process since the computation is merely integer arithmetic. In this thesis, it is demonstrated that the hard-limited KL transform has much simpler structure than that of the KL transform and it possess approximately the same excellent performances for both speaker identification system and face recognition system. Moreover, a hybrid KLT/GMM speaker identification system is proposed in this thesis to improve classification rate and to save computational time. The increase of the correct rate comes from the fact that two different sets of speech features, one from the KLT features, the other from the MFCC features of the Gaussian mixture speaker model (GMM), are applied in the hybrid system. Furthermore, this hybrid system performs classification in a sequential manner. In the first stage, the relatively faster KLT features are used as the initial candidate selection tool to discard those speakers with larger separability. Then in the second stage, the GMM is utilized as the final speaker recognition means to make the ultimate decision. Therefore, only a small portion of the speakers needed to be discriminated in the time-consuming GMM stage. Our results show that the combination is beneficial to both classification accuracy and computational cost. The above hybrid KLT/GMM design is also applied to a robust speaker identification system. Under both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and car noise environments, it is demonstrated that accuracy improvement and computational saving compared to the conventional GMM model can be achieved. Genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed in this thesis to improve the speaker identification performance of the vector quantizer (VQ) by avoiding typical local minima incurred in the LBG process. The results indicates that this scheme is useful for our application on recognition and practice.

As an enterprise start to grow up, it comes along with the bottleneck and limitation of growth. In the meantime, this enterprise will activate a series of activities of organizational development for creating a better performance. In the past studies, researchers focused most of time on the relationship among organizational structures, those activities and organizational performance. They tried to find out how the organizational change created the marvelous performance, but just missed an important factor that made this happen is the believes of the leader. We believe that leader¡¦s believies will influence the organizational structure and then decide the performance of this organization. Our research focused on how believes affect the organization, and took GE company for example. We tried to explore the changes of organizational structure and organizational performance. Furthermore, to find out the key soft variables that is behind the back of organization¡¦s excellent performance. Our research adopted System Dynamics as the research method. We collected the information about the GE company, analyzed them and constructed the GE¡¦s system dynamics model. According to this model, we do the sumilation, test and analysis. Finally, we proposed our research conclusion.

ABSTRACT COMPARISON OF ANALYSIS METHODS OF EMBEDDED RETAINING WALLS HARMANDAR, Serkan M.S., Department of Civil Engineering Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Yener &Ouml / zkan Co -Supervisor : Dr. Oguz &Ccedil / aliSan December 2006, 123 pages In this study a single-propped embedded retaining wall supporting a cohesionless soil is investigated by four approaches, namely limit equilibrium, subgrade reaction, pseudo-finite element and finite element methods. Structural forces, such as strut loads, wall shear forces, bending moments are calculated by each method and results are compared. The analyses are carried for for three values of internal friction angle of soil / 30o, 35o, and 40o. Effects of modulus of soil elasticity of the backfill and wall stiffness on structural forces are investigated by using different values for these parameters. It is found that, in those of obtained by, limit equilibrium approach results in embedment depth greater than other methods. Minimum strut loads for the same soil and structure parameters are obtained by limit equilibrium method. An increase of Young&rsquo / s modulus of the soil results in decrease of the strut loads.