Com a grande demanda do mercado brasileiro, e mundial, por desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias, redução de custos e de complexidade, os processos industriais buscam cada vez mais alternativas inovadoras. Para que essa evolução seja possível, é fundamental que todos os componentes da cadeia industrial também se desenvolvam, tornando assim as matérias primas, como aços, polímeros, alumínio, e outros metais que estão na base da cadeia, um grande foco de estudos. A indústria siderúrgica, em específico, vem buscando este desenvolvimento nos últimos anos, trabalhando principalmente no desempenho que os materiais terão nos processos industriais, tais como estampagem, soldagem e muitos outros. O processo de estampagem requer o desenvolvimento destes materiais, já que este solicita matérias primas com um bom desempenho mecânico, capaz de absorver possíveis variações e dificuldades que existem em uma linha de produção industrial. Para que este objetivo seja atingido, deve-se dedicar tempo e recursos para encontrar a combinação ideal entre pesquisa e processo produtivo e, assim, otimizar as características mecânicas e químicas dos materiais para o desenvolvimento da cadeia industrial. No contexto da estampagem há um bom indicativo para prever qual será o desempenho de um material: a Curva Limite de Conformação (CLC). Neste presente trabalho os conceitos da CLC serão discutidos, e aplicados a dois aços inoxidáveis distintos, um da família ferrítica (DIN 1.4509) e outro da família austenítica (AISI 321). Além disso, também serão abordadas as principais características metalúrgicas e mecânicas, correlacionadas à estampagem, destes materiais e as principais formas de utilizar estas informações na prática industrial com o objetivo de aperfeiçoar o desempenho do material nos processos e principalmente, quando possível, promover a migração de uma liga austenítica, por uma liga ferrítica, com o objetivo de redução e estabilidade nos custos. / With the increase of the market demand, both in Brazilian, and in the world, for the development of new technologies, cost and complexity reduction, the industrial processes have been investigating for innovative solutions. In order to this evolution to take place all industrial chain players would have to develop. Therefore all raw materials, such as steels, polymers, aluminum and other metals are in evidence to become the focus of investigation. The steel industry, in particular, has been searching for this evolution over the last years, working in their processes with the goal to increase the performance of the grades on the industrial processes, such as deep drawing, welding, and many others. The deep drawing process is a great motivator to the development of the steels, since it requires a high mechanical performance from the material, to absorb possible variations and difficulties which may occur in an industrial production line. In order to achieve this goal, time and resources must be spent to find the perfect combination between research centers and production processes, optimizing the chemical and mechanical characteristics of the steels, so the development of the whole chain can also advance. Within the deep drawing field of study, a good indicative to predict the material\'s performance is the Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) and in this work the concepts of these FLD\'s will be discussed and applied to two stainless steel grades: a ferritic stainless steel (DIN 1.4509) and an austenitc stainless steel (AISI 321). In addition, the main metallurgical and mechanical properties of these materials, related to the deep drawing, will be approached along with the best ways to apply this kind of information to the industrial practices, in order to increase the material performance and, whenever possible change the austenitic stainless steel to the ferritic stainless steel, in order to reduce and keep the costs stable.

Bacteria produce a range of surface-active compounds called biosurfactants that reduce the surface tension of liquid and exhibit different oil-water behaviours. These are used in various biotechnological applications including agriculture, cosmetics, medical and food. A recent study has predicted a limit to bacterial surface tension-reducing ability. If this limit exists, it has strong negative consequences in surveys for more active compounds. In this work, the aim is to (i) investigate this prediction more robustly by using chemical media and (ii) study the diversity amongst the best-performing surfactants produced by Pseudomonas spp. with the intention of finding novel surfactants that could be used in different biotechnological applications. A total of 251 Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from soil. Strains were first screened for liquid surface tension-reducing ability (LSTRA) using qualitative drop-collapse assay before quantitative surface tension measurement. Of the 58 LSTRA strains, only 46 significantly reduced the surface tension of sterile media. Individual Distribution Identification (IDI) analysis was used to determine the predicted limit for surfactant activity in KB* and M9Glu media, and results were found to be in agreement with earlier studies. To investigate the chemical structural diversity amongst the best performing surfactants, a collection of 25 key strains producing a limited range of very low surface tension in liquid culture media (~24 – 26 mN/m) were examined. Initial phenotypic characterisation including biochemical, metabolic profiling and 16S rDNA sequencing confirmed strains were a diverse collection of Pseudomonas spp. A series of behaviour assays including emulsion formation, foam stabilisation and oil displacement assays to investigate behavioural diversity among surfactants expressed by the key strains were then undertaken. For the oil displacement, diesel, mineral, vegetable, and used lubricating oils were tested with the underlying aqueous layer containing 0 or 200 mM NaCl at pH 6.0 or 8.0 to reflect a range of biotechnological applications and conditions. Analysis of variance of the emulsion indices, foam stabilisation and oil displacement data showed significant difference in surfactant behaviour among the key surfactant-expressing strains (P < 0.001). Moreover, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was used to produce a constellation dendrogram in which isolates were grouped according to similarities in phenotype and surfactant behaviour. Critically, this resulted in more groups (≥ 5 groups) than could be explained by statistically significant differences in mean surface tensions (previously determined by ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer HSD, alpha = 0.05). These findings provide strong evidence that the key strains were expressing structurally more than one type of surfactant with differing air-water and oil-water behaviours. Similarly, in vitro surfactant characterisation within a range of pH and salt concentrations confirmed diversity among strains (P < 0.001). Investigating surfactant potential by a two-way behaviour cluster dendrogram resulted in more diversity among oil types than the conditions used. These findings indicate that bioprospecting surfactants by screening only the more active compounds is likely to reveal a range of functionalities.

Cette thèse interroge les relations entre l’architecture et l’horizon et montre qu’elles engagent la notion philosophique d’habiter. Au travers du prisme de l’horizon, l’objectif est de repenser les limites des pratiques des architectes, de saisir leur sens et de mesurer la responsabilité des professionnels qui participent à la transformation des milieux habitables. Au tournant de la modernité, l’étude de l’horizon chez Le Corbusier, Claude Parent, Henri Gaudin, Álvaro Siza, Pierre-Louis Faloci et Marc Barani, éclaire des évolutions dans les modes de voir et de penser le monde, de la première moitié du 20e siècle à nos jours. Des récits d’expériences vécues au sein d’architectures construites sont confrontés à des entretiens menés avec les architectes ainsi qu’à l’analyse de leurs écrits, dessins, plans et/ou archives. Tour à tour, l’horizon, l’architecture et l’habiter sont mis à l’épreuve. Au premier abord, l’horizon évoque la limite visuelle lointaine du paysage. Mis à l’épreuve de l’architecture, il se révèle aussi comme limite spatio-temporelle et corporelle, qui concerne la relation sensible et existentielle entre l’homme, l’architecture et le paysage. À l’épreuve de l’horizon, l’analyse des pratiques et des expériences des architectes démontre une pluralité de modes de dire et de faire. Comme prisme de lecture, l’horizon traduit le sens des actions et des pensées de ces professionnels. Au travers de leurs invitations à « habiter l’horizon », les architectes témoignent d’un changement de paradigme à l’œuvre depuis Le Corbusier. L’ouverture et le rythme entre l’architecture, l’homme et l’horizon s’imposent finalement comme les conditions d’un habiter possible. / This thesis examines the relationships between architecture and horizon, and show that they are committed with the philosophical notion of dwelling. Through the lens of horizon, the purpose is to grasp architect’s practices, to rethink their limits and to measure the responsibility of the professionals who are involved in the transformation of places where people can live. At the turn of modernity, the study of horizon by Le Corbusier, Claude Parent, Henri Gaudin, Álvaro Siza, Pierre-Louis Faloci et Marc Barani, sheds light on changes of ways of seeing and thinking the world, from the first half of the 20th century to the present day. Accounts of experiences within built architectures face interviews conducted with architects and the analysis of their written materials, drawings, blueprints and, or, records. Horizon, architecture and the place we live in, in turn, are tested. At first sight, the horizon calls to mind the far visual boundary of the landscape. Put to the test of architecture, it also proves to be a physical spatial and temporal boundary which concerns the sensitive and existential relationship between humans, architecture and landscape. Put to the test of horizon, the analysis of the architects’ practices and experiences show a plurality of ways of saying and doing. As a reading prism, the horizon expresses the sense of the actions and the thought of these professionals. Through their propositions to “dwelling the horizon”, architects reveal a paradigm shift operating since Le Corbusier. The openness and the rhythm between architecture, human and horizon turn out to be the conditions of a dwelling possibility.

Práce se zabývá problematikou řízení pohledávek. Předmětem je charakteristika pohledávek a popis metod používaných při jejich řízení. Cílem práce je s využitím teoretických znalostí ukázat nastavení procesu řízení pohledávek v praxi a zhodnotit jeho efektivnost. Zabývá se také diskontní polikou, tedy stanovením výše slevy za předčasné splácení faktur. Podrobněji jsou vysvětleny zajišťovací instrumenty, evidence pohledávek nebo proces analýzy a hodnocení odběratelů.

Title: Properties of Poulsen simplices Author: Zdeněk Jaroň Department: Department of Mathematical Analysis Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Jiří Spurný, Ph.D. Abstract: In the present thesis, we study a generalisation of concept of the Poulsen simplex in general, non-metrizable case. First, for any given simplex F we con- struct a new one S, containing F as a face, having dense set of extreme points and preserving some important properties of F. In the next part, we employ this con- struction to build up, for any given infinite cardinal κ, two simplices S1, S2 with dense extreme boundary, with density character equal to κ and with spaces of affine functions Ac (S1) and Ac (S2) having the same density character, but which are not affinely homeomorphic. Keywords: Poulsen simplex, projective limit, Helly space

Introduzimos uma familia de trajetorias aleatorias coalescentes com certo tipo de comportamento radial a qual chamaremos de Teia Poissoniana radial discreta. Mostramos que o limite fraco na escala difusiva desta familia e uma familia de trajetorias aleatorias coalescentes que chamaremos de Teia Browniana radial. Por m, caraterizamos o objeto limite como um mapeamento continuo da Teia Browniana restrita num subconjunto de R2. / We introduce a family of coalescing random paths with certain kind of radial behavior. We call them the discrete radial Poisson Web. We show that under diusive scaling this family converges in distribution to a family of coalescing random paths which we call radial Brownian Web. Finally, we characterize the limiting object as a continuous mapping of the Brownian Web restricted to a subset of R2.

Nosso trabalho considera o processo de exclusão simples do vizinho mais próximo evoluindo com taxas de salto aleatórias . Demonstramos o limite hidrodinâmico deste processo. Este resultado è obtido através do limite hidrodinâmico do processo de exclusão onde as taxas de salto iniciais são substituidas pelas taxas cx,N que tem a mesma distribuição para cada N maior ou igal a 1. Fazemos algumas suposições no meio c_N e consideramos que as partículas estão inicialmente distribuidas de acordo à medida produto de Bernoulli associada a um perfil inicial. / Consider a Poisson process with rate equal to 1 in IR. Consider the nearest neighbor simple exclusion process with random jump rates § where §x =\\lambda, \\lambda > 0 if there is a Poisson mark between (x, x + 1) and §x = 1 otherwise. We prove the hydrodynamic limit of this process. This result follows from the hydrodynamic limit in the case that the jump rates {§x : x inteiro} are replaced by an array {cx,N : x inteiro} having the same distribution for each N >=1.

Nós apresentamos o processo K numa árvore, que é um processo de Markov com estados instantâneos e generaliza o processo K no grafo completo, como o limite do modelo de armadilha numa árvore, e aplicamos esse resultado para derivar um limite de escala para o modelo de armadilha do GREM. / We present the K process on a tree, which is a Markov process with instantaneous states and generalises the K process on the complete graph, as a limit of the trap model on a tree, and apply this result to derive a scaling limit to the GREM-like trap model.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-10-01T14:00:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertação - Hugo Leonardo de Moraes - 2013.pdf: 7379480 bytes, checksum: fe95767e57f88b72c915d7bc926f4693 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-10-01T15:18:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertação - Hugo Leonardo de Moraes - 2013.pdf: 7379480 bytes, checksum: fe95767e57f88b72c915d7bc926f4693 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-01T15:18:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertação - Hugo Leonardo de Moraes - 2013.pdf: 7379480 bytes, checksum: fe95767e57f88b72c915d7bc926f4693 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This paper aims to present the main advantages of using the software geogebra in the study of problem situations involving points of maximum and minimum points of functions of one variable. The survey included a brief study on: geogebra software and some of their purposes, function of one variable, graphical representation of a function, limit, derivative, second derivative, critical points, maximum points, minimum points and applications of the study of points of maximum and minimum in problem situations everyday when using the software geogebra. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal apresentar as vantagens de se utilizar o programa geogebra no estudo de situações-problema que envolvem pontos de máximo e pontos de mínimo de funções de uma variável. A pesquisa contemplou um breve estudo sobre: o software geogebra e algumas de suas nalidades, função de uma variável, representa- ção grá ca de uma função, limite, derivada, derivada segunda, pontos críticos, pontos de máximo, pontos de mínimo e aplicações do estudo de pontos de máximo e de mínimo em situações-problema do cotidiano sempre com a utilização do software geogebra.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:26:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ruy de Carvalho Rodrigues Junior.pdf: 1268289 bytes, checksum: fad0f536ccc8ba89c95cc22c67280d11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of the present study is to introduce and justify the hypothesis that the notion of Will in Shopenhauer s philosophy is better understood when considered as a hermeneutics of Representation. It is defended that the dialogue with the theoretical part of Kant s philosophy, as well as its distinction, operated by Schopenhauer as objective and subjective being and subjective and objective consideration are fundamental issues while constructing Schopenhauer s single thought. By analyzing the relationship between the philosophy and wisdom of Schopenhauer s thought, through the notion of transition (Übergang) and through what we call reverse intelligibility thesis on Metaphysics of Nature and on the process of the objectification of the Will in the world, we intend to interpret Schopenhauer s philosophy as the philosophy of limit. This way, we would make possible the articulation of both the relationship between Will and Representation, and the philosophy with what could be named as wisdom / A presente tese tem por objetivo apresentar e justificar a hipótese de que a noção de Vontade na filosofia de Schopenhauer é melhor compreendida quando considerada como uma hermenêutica da Representação. Ela defende que o diálogo com a parte teórica da filosofia kantiana, assim como a distinção operada por Schopenhauer entre ser subjetivo e objetivo e consideração subjetiva e objetiva são fundamentais na construção do pensamento único de Schopenhauer. Analisando a relação entre filosofia e sabedoria no pensamento deste último propõe-se, através da noção de passagem (Übergang) e do que chamamos de tese da inteligibilidade inversa na Metafísica da Natureza e no processo de objetivação da Vontade no mundo, interpretar a filosofia de Schopenhauer como uma filosofia do limite. Esta deve, então, tornar possível a articulação tanto da relação entre Vontade e Representação quanto da filosofia com aquilo que se poderia chamar de sabedoria