This thesis investigates cooperative communication under the framework of cognitive radio network, which consists of primary and secondary users(PU & SU). The cooperative and cognitive radio network (CCR) adopts overlay dynamic spectrum access, That is, the SU simultaneously assists PU¡¦s transmission and transmits its own message using spectrum shared by primary user. The secondary user adopts decode-and-forward (DF) relaying to assist the primary user in transmitting message. With secondary user¡¦s assistance, the cooperative system can be treat as an equivalent multiple input single output (MISO) system to attain the spatial diversity of the primary user. The virtual MISO system can reduce the outage probability and enhance the transmission reliability. Under the requirement on primary user's transmission quality, secondary user transmits both user¡¦s signals simultaneously, so that the secondary acquires authority to access spectrum. Based on limited feedback regarding SNR of link between primary transmitter and receiver, secondary user allocates transmission power of primary signal and secondary signal to increase throughput and spectrum efficiency of SU subject to satisfying PU¡¦s outage constraint.

Animal models of bingeing have typically used stress to induce bingeing. A recent model, limited-access to high-fat diet (HFD), has shown that caloric restriction and stress were not required to induce bingeing in rats. This study replicated this model in mice, explored the fat content within the model, and investigated locomotor activation associated with binge-eating. Adult mice were maintained on a restricted feeding (RF) schedule of 2 h/d of access to chow or ad lib access to chow, and then provided limited access to 45% HFD or 84% HFD for 30 min 3 d/ week for 6 total snack sessions. Circadian activity was monitored for RF animals offered 84% HFD, and after 6 snack sessions were complete, allowed continuous access to the 45% HFD or the 84% HFD for two weeks to explore rebound feeding. Bingeing, defined by increasing intakes across days, was reported for mice offered 45% HFD regardless of deprivation state (RF or ad lib), while mice offered 84% HFD only exhibited bingeing when they were restricted. Comparison of male and female mice maintained RF, offered 45% HFD snack, showed that females had higher intake (kcals/g-bw) while ad lib fed mice exhibited no sex differences. Circadian recordings for female RF mice offered 84% HFD showed shifts in activity from the first hour of dark cycle to the hour preceding the snack and supported that offering the HFD produced alterations in food-associated arousal. During rebound, female RF mice given 84% HFD showed the highest intakes in week 1, and then exhibited a marked decline in week 2. The week 1 intake for RF animals were to regain lost body weight and that homeostatic-like intake in week 2 allowed normal body weight maintenance. Results of this investigation support human data that females are more susceptible to binge-type eating disorder, shows that limited access to palatable foods for females under caloric restriction induces changes in circadian activity, and reveals that using mice in this model requires more investigation to optimize binge-behavior. Diet comparisons also suggest that homeostatic and reward mechanisms may have an additive effect on bingeing.

There isn¡¦t any clear definition on the discussion of Local Democracy. There are some similar concepts that are easily confused with us, such as local government, local autonomy, localism, and local democracy¡Ketc. Therefore, it¡¦s necessary to clear and find out the relationship among them. In addition, the dichotomy of democracy in the UK polity is particularly conspicuous in relation to local government. Consequently, The challenge is that how we apply the theories to the reality. I will use the approach of historical institutionalism to illustrate the development of UK local democracy. Meanwhile, it¡¦s reasonable to base a normative theory of local government or local democracy on the concept of ¡¥limited democracy.¡¦ In the light of the complexity of local government levels, I will focus my study on England. Case study and document analysis will be the research method of this essay. The process of history should be included six stages. I will make a brief analysis on the institution, actors, and events of each stage. After that, I will synthesize the path and its relationship with the change of voters¡¦ attitudes. The research results included: As for UK polity, although local democracy is the catch phrase of New Labour¡¦s programme for local government, it should not be an unfamiliar concept. The concept of local democracy doesn¡¦t necessarily equate to local autonomy; to some extent, the interdependence between them cannot be ignored. The path of UK local democracy tends to step from the theoretical model of localism to economy and efficiency. When we observe the low turnout of UK local election recent years, the voters¡¦ apathy has been a social normal phenomenon. The reality seems to undermine the immutable and sacrosanct place for democracy in the institutions of local government. However, are the things ostensibly unreasonable really bad? From the enlightenment of the approach of historical institutionalism, the voters have been incorporated into UK polity. Under the constraint of UK polity, they play the role of ¡¥maximizing satisfiers¡¦, unless major issues. In a word, if we want to learn from the lesson of UK local democracy, we have to rethink it again and again. And then, we may have an audit of the health of local democracy in Britain

Summary First, the modern war is from land, the level way linked in sea even changes into the land , sea , empty , space , electromagnetic , sextuple integrative linking fighting completely of network to the land , sea , empty traditional three-dimensional space, so the modern war trend will be developed in small-scale , Hi-Tech , high-tech direction, make modern war too , march toward all-weather , omni-directional , the whole three-dimensional fight form of depth, also stating the modern war, only fought bravely by the single army , arm isolated force, it is difficult to give play to maximum fight ability in the modern war, it is more unable to finish the task alone. Second, China is strengthening the scientific and technological construction of the army with all strength at present, put cross-centennial building up the Army especially in sea , air force and the Second Artillery Force army too, Chinese ground force is it arrive to realize deeply, have a million ground force of army very much difficult to go on the comprehensive reform, fighting capacity of the fast reaction that so take the route of picked troops , strong chemical combination and become and organize into groups , progress greatly, ability with peak speed , drive ground force overall modernized development, except in accordance with is it reduce troops to plan, the proportion of technical arms will increase by a wide margin , in order to formate fighting as the eyes , will change the structure of relying mainly on infantry , increase special technical soldier's proportion, the future thrust of every arm: (1) The infantry faces and develops toward ' mechanized , motorization '. (2) ' the great artilleryman's doctrine ' principle of artilleryman's basis, carry on artilleryman's adjustment. (3) The armoured force develops to ' fast reserve and strength of assaulting strongly ', and it is new-type to research and develop the third generation of changing the outfit actively Combat tank. ¡]90¢º¡B85¢»¡^ (4) The orientation of air and land troop ' melts three-dimensionally ' is developed. (5) The electronic countermeasure army, for the soft main force that wounds in the future. (6) Air defence towards long-range to attack, accurate guidance, with make empty direction develop. Third, the Chinese ground force , in order to should win the policy guidance that high technology make the local war , put the weaponry developing focus the development to the Hi-Tech weapon, and will progress greatly the goal will be filled in proper order , choosing the focal point investment, such as having priority to research and develop making by oneself , purchase the land boat , equips armouredly , operational training and commanding controlling the automated system etc., exactly build and set about from some fighting capacity, depend on the state of the funds again , expand quality and quantity progressively , and the Chinese ground force is in the system of reconnoitering three-dimensionally at present, guidance weapon system, flexible to fight year platform, electronic countermeasure system , automatic command system ,etc. professional technique of respect and complete network fought to formate it has to be already progress to no small extent. Fourth, the Chinese ground force trains the focal point to place on basing on the existing equipment at the present stage, promote whole fighting capacity in an all-round way, does not promote the campaign , tactical training ,etc. with the performing and training of the level, though the weaponry of the ground force is unable to promote by a wide margin shortly, train the policy , it is towards the modernization , Hi-Tech , and the direction of locking the mode of operation in the future is stridden forward, and the local war requires , strengthen cooperation , fast reaction , information confronting with each other , ensuring and field operations survival ability synthetically of the army ,etc. in an all-round way according to the high-tech condition, and regard jointly training as the centre , fight , land and resist and land and fight , launch air raids to fight with anti-air warfare flexibly and strike back and fight etc. to perform and train in the bordering in a more cost-effective manner, by Hi-Tech study of knowledge , make military training scientific process, in order to improve to fight ability while being whole ground troops in an all-round way. There are total about 200,000 persons of troops against the army now in fifth, Chinese ground force, if with the high-tech local war view, 200,000 crack fighting capacity is absorbed rapidly, satisfy the conduct , even war win and defeat to the task, will exert an absolute influence. The ' fist ' army, except that principle finish exactly building in accordance with ' flexible to take, automation, digitisation ', and is arranged the land boat helicopter successively , one can develop in the direction of melting three-dimensionally . If can be lasting focal point is changed the outfit and exactly built, over the next 10-15 years, its fighting capacity can reach ' the level of the western mechanized troop ' .

In this dissertation, we first derive exact reconstuction algorithms for thermoacoustic tomography (TAT) and broadband diffraction tomography (a linearized inverse scattering problem) using derived time-reversal formulas. Then we focus on some important practical problems of TAT including the limited-view problem, the effects of acoustic heterogeneity, and fast reconstruction algorithms. In Chapter II, we propose time-reversal methods and apply them to tomography with diffrating sources. We first develop time-domain methods to time-reverse a transient scalar wave using only the field measured on an arbitrary closed surface enclosing the initial sources. Under certain conditions, a time-reversed field can be obtained with the delay-and-sum algorithm (backprojection to spheres) used in synthetic aperture imaging.Consequently, the physicalmeaningandthe validconditions of this widely used algorithm are revealed quantitatively for the first time from basic physics. Then exact reconstruction for TAT and broadband diffraction tomography is proposed by time-reversing the measured field back to the time when each source or secondary source is excited. The theoretical conclusions are supported by a numerical simulation ofthree-dimensional diffraction tomography.The extension ofour time-reversal methods to the case using Green function in a heterogeneous medium is also discussed. In Chapter III, the limited-view problem is studied for TAT. We define a "detection region," within which all points have sufficient detection views. It is explained analytically and shown numerically that the boundaries of any object inside this region can be recovered stably.Otherwise some sharp details become blurred.One can identify in advance the parts of the boundaries that will be affected if the detection view is insufficient. Computations are conducted for both numerically simulated and experimental data. The reconstructions confirm our theoretical predictions. In Chapter IV, the effects of wavefront distortions induced by acoustic heterogeneities in breast TAT are studied. Amplitude distortions are shown to be insignificant for different scales of acoustic heterogeneities. After that we consider the effects of phase distortions (errors in time-of-flight) in our numerical studies. The numerical results on the spreads of point sources and boundaries caused by the phase distortions are in good agreement with the proposed formula. We also demonstrate that the blurring of images can be compensated for by using the distribution of acoustic velocityin the tissues in the reconstructions. In Chapter V, we discuss exact and fast Fourier-domain reconstruction algorithms for TAT in planar and circular configurations.

The key features of this dissertation pertain to limited investor attention and its indirect consequences of conservatism and representativeness biases that have impacts on the Taiwan Stock Market. Thus, this dissertation contributes to the empirical work on investors¡¦ limited attention and heterogeneous beliefs to public information, as well as representativeness heuristics. This study examines the market reaction of a sequential release of annual reports in Taiwan, in which different stages of attention-grabbing cause different market reactions. Moreover, investors with limited attention have an incomplete understanding about the content of the annual report, in which different years present significant positive or negative reactions of trading volume, and the evidence supports the hypothesis of limited attention. If people focus primarily on the strength of the evidence, they tend to neglect its weight and manifest representativeness bias. On the other hand, when people are unimpressed by the strength of the evidence, they focus too much on its weight and exhibit conservatism bias. Thus, this study distinguishes the behavioral biases between global representativeness bias and local representativeness bias. The results suggest that accounting performances globally have low strength but high weight features, leading investors to show conservatism bias, and other valuation ratios globally have high strength but low weight features, leading investors to exhibit representativeness bias. However, when global sequence is further decomposed into a local sequence, those behavioral biases disappear. This study also sheds light on how investors are sensitive to the streak length of performance, and the empirical evidence indicates that investors exhibit the gambler¡¦s fallacy to the trend of performance.

Project Report (M.Pub.) - Simon Fraser University, 2005. / Project Report (Master of Publishing Program) / Simon Fraser University. Also issued in digital format and available on the World Wide Web.

Zugl.: Wien, Univ., Diss., 2007 u.d.T.: Feltl, Christian: Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede des geschäftsführenden Organes der österreichischen GmbH und der britischen privat limited company unter besonderer Betrachtung des Insolvenzfalles

Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 2007

Thesis (M.P.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves xx-xxvii).