Summary First, the modern war is from land, the level way linked in sea even changes into the land , sea , empty , space , electromagnetic , sextuple integrative linking fighting completely of network to the land , sea , empty traditional three-dimensional space, so the modern war trend will be developed in small-scale , Hi-Tech , high-tech direction, make modern war too , march toward all-weather , omni-directional , the whole three-dimensional fight form of depth, also stating the modern war, only fought bravely by the single army , arm isolated force, it is difficult to give play to maximum fight ability in the modern war, it is more unable to finish the task alone. Second, China is strengthening the scientific and technological construction of the army with all strength at present, put cross-centennial building up the Army especially in sea , air force and the Second Artillery Force army too, Chinese ground force is it arrive to realize deeply, have a million ground force of army very much difficult to go on the comprehensive reform, fighting capacity of the fast reaction that so take the route of picked troops , strong chemical combination and become and organize into groups , progress greatly, ability with peak speed , drive ground force overall modernized development, except in accordance with is it reduce troops to plan, the proportion of technical arms will increase by a wide margin , in order to formate fighting as the eyes , will change the structure of relying mainly on infantry , increase special technical soldier's proportion, the future thrust of every arm: (1) The infantry faces and develops toward ' mechanized , motorization '. (2) ' the great artilleryman's doctrine ' principle of artilleryman's basis, carry on artilleryman's adjustment. (3) The armoured force develops to ' fast reserve and strength of assaulting strongly ', and it is new-type to research and develop the third generation of changing the outfit actively Combat tank. ¡]90¢º¡B85¢»¡^ (4) The orientation of air and land troop ' melts three-dimensionally ' is developed. (5) The electronic countermeasure army, for the soft main force that wounds in the future. (6) Air defence towards long-range to attack, accurate guidance, with make empty direction develop. Third, the Chinese ground force , in order to should win the policy guidance that high technology make the local war , put the weaponry developing focus the development to the Hi-Tech weapon, and will progress greatly the goal will be filled in proper order , choosing the focal point investment, such as having priority to research and develop making by oneself , purchase the land boat , equips armouredly , operational training and commanding controlling the automated system etc., exactly build and set about from some fighting capacity, depend on the state of the funds again , expand quality and quantity progressively , and the Chinese ground force is in the system of reconnoitering three-dimensionally at present, guidance weapon system, flexible to fight year platform, electronic countermeasure system , automatic command system ,etc. professional technique of respect and complete network fought to formate it has to be already progress to no small extent. Fourth, the Chinese ground force trains the focal point to place on basing on the existing equipment at the present stage, promote whole fighting capacity in an all-round way, does not promote the campaign , tactical training ,etc. with the performing and training of the level, though the weaponry of the ground force is unable to promote by a wide margin shortly, train the policy , it is towards the modernization , Hi-Tech , and the direction of locking the mode of operation in the future is stridden forward, and the local war requires , strengthen cooperation , fast reaction , information confronting with each other , ensuring and field operations survival ability synthetically of the army ,etc. in an all-round way according to the high-tech condition, and regard jointly training as the centre , fight , land and resist and land and fight , launch air raids to fight with anti-air warfare flexibly and strike back and fight etc. to perform and train in the bordering in a more cost-effective manner, by Hi-Tech study of knowledge , make military training scientific process, in order to improve to fight ability while being whole ground troops in an all-round way. There are total about 200,000 persons of troops against the army now in fifth, Chinese ground force, if with the high-tech local war view, 200,000 crack fighting capacity is absorbed rapidly, satisfy the conduct , even war win and defeat to the task, will exert an absolute influence. The ' fist ' army, except that principle finish exactly building in accordance with ' flexible to take, automation, digitisation ', and is arranged the land boat helicopter successively , one can develop in the direction of melting three-dimensionally . If can be lasting focal point is changed the outfit and exactly built, over the next 10-15 years, its fighting capacity can reach ' the level of the western mechanized troop ' .

In the waning days of apartheid, an operative of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing of South Africa’s most powerful dissident organization the African National Congress, returned to his home community of N’wamitwa after over a decade in exile. His mission was to spark a people’s war, an imported form of revolutionary warfare developed by Mao Zedong and perfected by the North Vietnamese in their revolutionary struggles. In this thesis I examine the political context in which the ANC chose to adopt the strategy and how it was imported into South Africa. The later chapters of this thesis use N’wamitwa as a case study examining how a people’s war is successfully implemented on the ground. I argue that one can see the three phases of a people’s war as articulated by Mao play out in N’wamitwa between the years 1989 to 1994 This piece was largely written and researched using oral testimony from nine former members of the MK in N’wamitwa and thus can also be seen as a collection of personal histories of the South African Freedom Struggle. / Graduate

中共軍事思想之形成，主要受毛澤東軍事思想、全球戰略形勢與周邊戰略形勢、及中共自身條件等因素之影響。從毛澤東時期「早打、大打、打核子戰」的人民戰爭思想與積極防禦，轉變至鄧小平時期「和平時期建軍」、與「打贏一場局部戰爭」的戰略思維，以至江澤民時期強調質量建軍、高科技建軍，打贏一場高科技條件下的局部戰爭等，突顯中共在不同形勢變化之下，軍事思想所強調之目標，對其軍事發展的過程，皆有重大的影響。 　　本論文的目的在於瞭解，對中共而言，什麼是軍事思想，其「軍事思想」的發展階段為何，其演進過程的內容及影響軍事思想發展的因素等。 / Clearly,China's military theory was largely shaped by Mao's military theory of people's war concept, perception of global and regional strategic environment, as well as China's own capabilitiy and priority. Mao Zedog has emphasized to fight "a early, large and nuclear war" under the context of people war.Deng Xiaoping changed Mao's policy,emphasizing a military construction under peaceful environment, and fight a local war. Jiang Zemin made further change, switching to emphasize fliilitary buildup based on quality and high technology,and to fight a local under high technology condit ion.These changes reflect how Chinese military theory has adapted to changing environment. This paper discusses what is junshi sixiang means in Chinese military vocabulary, the evolution of China's military theory, and factors influencing its development.

This thesis is an ethnographic account of social change, triggered by the civil war in Nepal (1996-2006). Based on an ethnographic fieldwork in the village of Thabang, the war-time capital of the Maoist base area, this thesis explores the transformative impact of the conflict on people’s everyday lives and on the constitution of key hierarchies structuring Nepali society. Rather than focusing on violence and fear – the commonly researched themes in warzones – the thesis examines people’s everyday social and embodied practices during the war and its aftermath, arguing that these remain central to our understanding of war-time social processes and the ways in which they shape the contours of post-conflict society. By focusing on mundane practices – such as meat-eating and alcohol-drinking, raising livestock and worshipping gods – the thesis demonstrates how change at the micro-level is illustrative of a profound transformation in the social structures constituting Nepali society. Theoretically, the thesis seeks to understand how the situation of war re-orders society: in this case, how people in the Maoist base area interiorized formerly transgressive norms and practices, and how these practices were normalized in the post-conflict environment. The research revealed that much of the change triggered by the conflict came as a result of the ‘exceptional’ times of war and the necessity to follow ‘rules that apply in times of crisis’. Thus, in adopting transgressive practices during the conflict, people were responding to the expediency of war-time rather than following Maoist war-time policies or ‘propaganda’. Furthermore, while adopting hitherto unimaginable practices and making them into habitual action, people transformed the rigid social structures, without necessarily intending to do so. The thesis puts particular stress on the centrality of unintended consequences in social change, the power of embodied practice in making change real, and the ways in which agency and structure are mutually constitutive.