Summary First, the modern war is from land, the level way linked in sea even changes into the land , sea , empty , space , electromagnetic , sextuple integrative linking fighting completely of network to the land , sea , empty traditional three-dimensional space, so the modern war trend will be developed in small-scale , Hi-Tech , high-tech direction, make modern war too , march toward all-weather , omni-directional , the whole three-dimensional fight form of depth, also stating the modern war, only fought bravely by the single army , arm isolated force, it is difficult to give play to maximum fight ability in the modern war, it is more unable to finish the task alone. Second, China is strengthening the scientific and technological construction of the army with all strength at present, put cross-centennial building up the Army especially in sea , air force and the Second Artillery Force army too, Chinese ground force is it arrive to realize deeply, have a million ground force of army very much difficult to go on the comprehensive reform, fighting capacity of the fast reaction that so take the route of picked troops , strong chemical combination and become and organize into groups , progress greatly, ability with peak speed , drive ground force overall modernized development, except in accordance with is it reduce troops to plan, the proportion of technical arms will increase by a wide margin , in order to formate fighting as the eyes , will change the structure of relying mainly on infantry , increase special technical soldier's proportion, the future thrust of every arm: (1) The infantry faces and develops toward ' mechanized , motorization '. (2) ' the great artilleryman's doctrine ' principle of artilleryman's basis, carry on artilleryman's adjustment. (3) The armoured force develops to ' fast reserve and strength of assaulting strongly ', and it is new-type to research and develop the third generation of changing the outfit actively Combat tank. ¡]90¢º¡B85¢»¡^ (4) The orientation of air and land troop ' melts three-dimensionally ' is developed. (5) The electronic countermeasure army, for the soft main force that wounds in the future. (6) Air defence towards long-range to attack, accurate guidance, with make empty direction develop. Third, the Chinese ground force , in order to should win the policy guidance that high technology make the local war , put the weaponry developing focus the development to the Hi-Tech weapon, and will progress greatly the goal will be filled in proper order , choosing the focal point investment, such as having priority to research and develop making by oneself , purchase the land boat , equips armouredly , operational training and commanding controlling the automated system etc., exactly build and set about from some fighting capacity, depend on the state of the funds again , expand quality and quantity progressively , and the Chinese ground force is in the system of reconnoitering three-dimensionally at present, guidance weapon system, flexible to fight year platform, electronic countermeasure system , automatic command system ,etc. professional technique of respect and complete network fought to formate it has to be already progress to no small extent. Fourth, the Chinese ground force trains the focal point to place on basing on the existing equipment at the present stage, promote whole fighting capacity in an all-round way, does not promote the campaign , tactical training ,etc. with the performing and training of the level, though the weaponry of the ground force is unable to promote by a wide margin shortly, train the policy , it is towards the modernization , Hi-Tech , and the direction of locking the mode of operation in the future is stridden forward, and the local war requires , strengthen cooperation , fast reaction , information confronting with each other , ensuring and field operations survival ability synthetically of the army ,etc. in an all-round way according to the high-tech condition, and regard jointly training as the centre , fight , land and resist and land and fight , launch air raids to fight with anti-air warfare flexibly and strike back and fight etc. to perform and train in the bordering in a more cost-effective manner, by Hi-Tech study of knowledge , make military training scientific process, in order to improve to fight ability while being whole ground troops in an all-round way. There are total about 200,000 persons of troops against the army now in fifth, Chinese ground force, if with the high-tech local war view, 200,000 crack fighting capacity is absorbed rapidly, satisfy the conduct , even war win and defeat to the task, will exert an absolute influence. The ' fist ' army, except that principle finish exactly building in accordance with ' flexible to take, automation, digitisation ', and is arranged the land boat helicopter successively , one can develop in the direction of melting three-dimensionally . If can be lasting focal point is changed the outfit and exactly built, over the next 10-15 years, its fighting capacity can reach ' the level of the western mechanized troop ' .

During its first few decades, the People¡¦s Liberation Army Air Force strategy was primarily formulated to support the ground forces¡¦ needs. Serious changes in the way the PLAAF thought about its future really began as a result of Deng Xiaoping¡¦s 1985 ¡§strategic decision¡¨ that directed the armed forces to change from preparation for an ¡§early, major, and nuclear war¡¨ to preparation for ¡§local war.¡¨ These changes included writing new teaching materials, conducting research on combination of offensive and defensive capabilities, and doing research on campaign and strategic theory. Wang Hai initiated the concept of combination of offensive and defensive operations in 1987, but it did not receive much publicity. Since the Gulf war, the PLAAF has been grappling with the demands of a radically changed its strategy that underscored the technological obsolescence of their armaments and so fundamentally affected the missions of the air forces that its traditional training principles and objective were largely inapplicable to. In late 1999, the PLAAF¡¦s commander, Liu Shunyao, began to emphasize the need to fight offensive battles and declare PLAAF¡¦s strategy of combination of offensive and defensive operations to build a People¡¦s Liberation Army capable of waging ¡§local war under high-tech conditions.¡¨ In a future high-tech local war, the PLAAF will be called up as the first one to encounter the enemy and fight until the last minute. It is gradually transitioning from a support service into an independent one and from a national territory air defense type of air force into one that conducts combination of offensive and defensive operations. The PLAAF is working on its way to reform its military conformation, adjust its military training guidelines and renew its old equipment. By establishing an all-weather and attack-defense air force to battle in a modern high-tech environment, it is expected to acquire the full ability to perform ¡§local war under high-tech conditions.¡¨ The purposes of the thesis are as follows: 1. Illustrate the tendency and contents of current air power theories and wars. 2. Illustrate the stages of PLAAF¡¦s development and the roles and performances it takes on in the wars. 3. Clarify the theoretic contents of PLAAF¡¦s air power in each stage. 4. Conclude the present and future contents and actions of the PLAAF¡¦s air power on the theoretic and practical aspects. 5. Analyze the future developments and challenges of PLAAF¡¦s air power. Expected to focus on the discussion on the theoretic and practical aspects, the thesis was organized as a modal for explaining the PLAAF¡¦s air power and to be used as the referential basis to illustrate the developments of the past, present and future PLAAF¡¦s air power.

In order to break the cycle of violence in war-ridden societies, nonviolent mechanisms to deal with conflicts has to be established. One such mechanism is protests, which when performed peacefully can be a powerful tool for political change. Protests can however also be a cause for violence and this thesis sets out to explore why protests turns more violent in some post-war subnational areas compared to others. I suggest that protest violence in part can be explained by the preceding intensity of insurgent violence, as the government puts more efforts into combating insurgent groups and less towards responding to local needs where this violence is perpetuated. Where this occurs, institutional relationships deteriorate, which result in negotiations becoming less likely while violence is viewed as more justified and useful before and during protests. Using the structured focused comparison method, I test this theoretical argument by comparing Cali and Barranquilla, two Colombian cities where left-wing ideologies prevail but where protest violence has differed substantially. The evidence, which has been collected through a document analysis and in-depth interviews conducted during two-months of field work in Colombia, provide modest support for the hypothesis that protest violence was more likely where insurgent violence had been prevalent during the war.

中共軍事思想之形成，主要受毛澤東軍事思想、全球戰略形勢與周邊戰略形勢、及中共自身條件等因素之影響。從毛澤東時期「早打、大打、打核子戰」的人民戰爭思想與積極防禦，轉變至鄧小平時期「和平時期建軍」、與「打贏一場局部戰爭」的戰略思維，以至江澤民時期強調質量建軍、高科技建軍，打贏一場高科技條件下的局部戰爭等，突顯中共在不同形勢變化之下，軍事思想所強調之目標，對其軍事發展的過程，皆有重大的影響。 　　本論文的目的在於瞭解，對中共而言，什麼是軍事思想，其「軍事思想」的發展階段為何，其演進過程的內容及影響軍事思想發展的因素等。 / Clearly,China's military theory was largely shaped by Mao's military theory of people's war concept, perception of global and regional strategic environment, as well as China's own capabilitiy and priority. Mao Zedog has emphasized to fight "a early, large and nuclear war" under the context of people war.Deng Xiaoping changed Mao's policy,emphasizing a military construction under peaceful environment, and fight a local war. Jiang Zemin made further change, switching to emphasize fliilitary buildup based on quality and high technology,and to fight a local under high technology condit ion.These changes reflect how Chinese military theory has adapted to changing environment. This paper discusses what is junshi sixiang means in Chinese military vocabulary, the evolution of China's military theory, and factors influencing its development.