The purpose of this study was to investigate if botanical gardens in Stockholm, Uppsala and Gothenburg could be a source for spread of invasive species in Sweden. The method consisted of visits to each garden with inventory of the collections and interviews with the staff. The species included in the study were either on or suggested for the list in the EU regulation 1143/2014 or listed by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency as invasive or potentially invasive species in Sweden. 16 of the 34 species included in the study were found within or around one or more gardens and of those are 8 already established in Sweden and 6 could establish and become invasive with climate change. The study showed that the invasive species could outcompete other organisms by being fast growing and persistent as well as highly reproductive and sometimes harmful to other plants, animals or humans. It also suggests that high seed production and vegetative reproduction from small plant fragments may facilitate spread from botanical gardens in general. By creating awareness of invasive species, the gardens could prevent spread from other sources. Whether or not the gardens’ management of their collections could lead to spread and introduction of invasive species in Sweden is still unexplored and suitable for further studies. The species’ traits however do pose a risk of spread from the botanical gardens in the study, as well as other gardens, and establishment in the Swedish nature.

The aim of this thesis is drafting of landscaping in the chosen location. The chosen location of this thesis is municipality Měňany, which lies in the Central Bohemian Region, in the former district Beroun. The literature research is focused on the landscaping and clearly explains the basic concepts and fundamental information about landscaping. The subject of the research was primarily measures for protecting and improving the environment, measures to make the land available, water management measures and measures for protection against erosion. This thesis deals with a list of claims for three selected owners and with new draft of the landscaping. Furthermore, the research discusses about municipality Měňany for which is created the characterization of the area and analysis of the municipality. The conclusion of this thesis was to evaluate the existing environment and propose solution, which should improve the overall situation, both for citizens and for nature and leads to the elimination of deficiencies.

Diploma thesis with the theme "Mortgage market in Czech Republic" has its objective in characterizing and analyzing the development of mortgage market from its beginning to the present situation. There is described the history and common characteristic of mortgage banking in the first part. There are also stated all related legal standards. There is described further procedure and particular phases which has to be completed by each mortgage loan applicant in the next chapter. Next chapter is focused on description of mortgage loan drawdown and its repayment. In the end of this chapter there is comparison of interest rate development and the mortgage loan volume according to the fixture time. Concurrently there is analyzed influence of interest rate to the volume of mortgage loans. Last but on chapter analyzes all relevant cost related to a mortgage loan application. Everything coming out from the previous analysis is put into the context with the results of my survey. Based on that the conclusions about impact of costs on number of mortgage loan applicatons are made. Final chapter compares individual bank offers and analyzes all possible factors which impacts final results.

The subject of this thesis is the proposal of land consolidation in the cadastral area Břeží u Žinkov. Description of the area is the part of the land consolidation as well as erosion control measures to protect the land fund, measures to access to the property, measures for the creation and protection of the environment and water management. The final part of the proposal is to create the claims inventory of three owners and to propose a new land arrangement for selected owners. The results of this thesis are the improvement of environment protection and suitable solution of the land arrangement.

Introdução: As doenças respiratórias ocupacionais constituem um grave problema de saúde pública na realidade brasileira. A silicose é a pneumoconiose mais prevalente, considerada a principal causa de invalidez entre as doenças respiratórias ocupacionais e pode desenvolver uma forma grave de pneumopatia fibrosante levando a insuficiência respiratória crônica onde apenas o transplante pulmonar é a terapia capaz de re-estabelecer a qualidade de vida e assim prolongar a sobrevida destes indivíduos. Objetivo: Fazer uma revisão sistemalizada da literatura sobre o tema “transplante pulmonar” e “silicose” e “sobrevida”, além de avaliar o resultado do transplante pulmonar realizado em pacientes com silicose em estágio terminal, comparando as alterações de função pulmonar entre aqueles submetidos à cirurgia com aqueles que não foram operados, além de detectar os fatores prognósticos que podem influenciar a sobrevida dos pacientes submetidos a este procedimento. Métodos: Após uma busca sistematizada na literatura sobre o tema, 40 artigos foram analisados, sendo que 13 destes descorriam sobre o tema, e cinco tratavam exclusivamente de transplante de pulmão em silicose avançada. Posteriormente, foram retrospectivamente estudados os prontuários de 26 pacientes listados para tranplante pulmonar por silicose pulmonar em estágio terminal, no período entre janeiro de 1989 até junho de 2015 pelo grupo de Transplante Pulmonar da Santa Casa de Porto Alegre – RS. As características epidemiológicas, as medidas de função pulmonar analisadas através de espirometria, teste de caminhada de 6 minutos, teste de difusão do monóxido de carbono, medidas de pressões da artéria pulmonar, foram comparadas entre os grupos transplante versus não transplante. As variáveis categóricas são apresentadas em números absolutos e/ou porcentagem. O pequeno número da amostra não foi suficiente para garantir a normalidade e os dados foram analisados através dos testes não paramétricos do qui-quadrado (x2), teste de Mann Whitnney e teste de Friedman. Para as análises pareadas, foi utilizado o teste de Wilcoxon. Para amostra menor que 5, o teste de exato de Fisher. As variáveis analisadas em relação aos eventos relacionados com mortalidade, foram estudadas através da correlação de Spearman. O sobrevida até o desfecho, estabelecida através da curva de Kaplan-Mayer. Foram assumidos valores de p < 0,005 como os de significância estatística. Resultados: Todos eram homens, com idade de 45,4 + 11 anos, sendo o extrativismo mineral responsável por 44,0% das ocupações. O padrão restritivo observado em 65,4 % dos casos onde 82,3% destes tinham CVF < 40,0% do previsto (CVF de 27,07 + 16,0%) com DLCO 39 + 6,2%, demostrando limitação funcional importante, marcada por uma distância percorrida no TC6M muito curta, 267,4 + 104,5 metros com dessaturação de 10,7 + 5,4%. A história de tabagismo foi observada em 46,2% e de tuberculose em 34,6%. A sobrevida global dos pacientes listados foi de 693,5 (46 – 5.250) dias, todavia no subgrupo dos pacientes transplantados foi de 1.226 (60 – 5.250) dias contra 288 (46 – 1.333) dias nos não transplantados (p= 0,002). A sobrevida após o transplante foi 889 (3 – 5.176) dias, sendo de 85,7% no 1o mês, 69% no 1o ano, 44,0% em três anos e 25,0% em cinco. Apenas o tempo de isquemia foi significamente maior no grupo que faleceu (p= 0,042), entretanto, na análise multivariada, pôde-se perceber que o tempo de isquemia (p= 000, Ro= - 0,842), o tempo de ventilação mecânica (p= 0,045, Ro= - 0,507) e o tempo de permanência dos drenos (p= 0,025, Ro= - 0,558), tiveram impacto negativo sobre a sobrevida. Conclusão: Embora ainda não sejam claros os critérios de indicação de transplante em silicose avançada, observamos que os pacientes mais emagrecidos e possivelmente desnutridos, assim como aqueles com pior função pulmonar, tendem a morrer mais precocemente sem o procedimento. Por outro lado, no grupo de pacientes operados, um tempo de isquemia prolongado, o sangramento transoperatório (desde o ato cirúrgico até a retirada dos drenos) visto através da permanência dos drenos de tórax e a duraçao da ventilação mecânica invasiva, estiveram relacionados com óbito. Ainda que esta série seja a maior encontrada de transplante pulmonar por silicose realizada em um único centro, um número maior de pacientes deve ser estudado e acompanhados para que estas e outras questões possam ser elucidadas. / Background: Occupational respiratory diseases are a serious public health problem in Brazil. Silicosis is the most prevalent pneumoconiosis, considered the leading cause of disability among occupational respiratory diseases. It may develop a severe form of lung fibrosis, leading to chronic respiratory failure, where only therapy that can re-establish the quality of life, and thus prolong the survival of these individuals is lung transplantation. Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of lung transplantation performed in patients with silicosis in terminal stage, comparing the changes in lung function among those undergoing surgery with those who did not undergo surgery, and detect prognostic factors that may influence the survival of patients undergoing this procedure. Methods: We performed a systematic literature review for key words “lung transplantation”, “silicosis”, “survival”, and found 40 articles, wherin 13 adressed this specific theme, and only five exclusivelly to lung transplantation due advanced (end-stage) silicosis. Then, we retrospectively studied the medical records of 26 patients listed for lung tranplante by pulmonary silicosis in terminal stage, in the period from January 1989 to June 2015 by the Lung Transplant group of Santa Casa de Porto Alegre - RS. Epidemiological characteristics, lung function measurements analyzed by spirometry, 6-minute walk test, carbon monoxide diffusion test, pressure measurements of the pulmonary artery, were compared between the transplant versus not transplantation groups. Categorical variables expressed as absolute numbers and/or percentage. The small sample size was not sufficient to ensure the normality, and data were analyzed using non-parametric tests of the chi-square (x2), Mann Whitnney, test and Friedman test. For paired analysis, the Wilcoxon test was used. Sample less than 5, Fisher's exact test was used. The variables analyzed related to mortality were studied by Spearman correlation. The survival rate until the outcome, established by Kaplan- Mayer curve. Values os p <0.005 assumed as statistical significance. Results: All were men, aged 45.4 + 11 years, the mineral extraction accounted for 44.0% of occupation. The restrictive pattern observed in 65.4% of cases where 82.3% of them had FVC <40.0% of predicted (FVC 27.1+ 16,0%) with DLCO 39 + 6.2%, showing significant functional limitation, marked by a very short distance in the 6MWT, 267.4 + 104.5 meters with desaturation 10.7 + 5.4%. A history of smoking was observed in 46.2% and tuberculosis in 34.6%. The overall survival of patients was found 693.5 (46 - 5,250) days, however the subgroup of transplant patients was 1.226 (60 - 5,250) against 288 days (46 - 1,333) in the non-transplanted days (p = 0.002). The survival after transplantation was 889 (3 - 5.176) days, and 85.7% were alive at the first month, 69.0% at 1st year, 44.0% at three years, and 25.0% at five. Only the ischemic time was significantly higher in patients who died (p = 0.042), however, in the multivariate analysis, it was possible to realize that the ischemic time (p = 000, rs = - 0.842), the duration of mechanical ventilation ( p = 0.045, rs = - 0.507) and the drains length of stay (p = 0.025, rs = - 0.558), had a negative impact on survival. Conclusion: Although advanced silicosis in transplant indication criteria are still unclear, we found that the most emaciated and possibly malnourished patients, and those with poor lung function, tend to die earlier without the procedure. On the other hand, those that were operated, a prolonged ischemic time, intraoperative bleeding (from the surgery to the removal of drains) seen through the permanence of thoracic drains, and the duration of mechanical ventilation, were related to death. Although this series is the largest found related to lung transplantation due end stage silicosis performed at a single center, a larger number of patients should be studied and monitored for these and other questions can be clarified.

O aumento da proporção de idosos trouxe mudanças importantes no perfil de morbidade geral. Uma maior frequência de doenças crônicas faz com que a prescrição de medicamentos seja cada vez mais extensa e mais complexa nesta população. Estes aspectos, somados às variações farmacocinéticas e farmacodinâmicas relacionadas com a idade e à crescente medicalização, levam ao aumento do risco de problemas relacionados à farmacoterapia, tais como o uso de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPI) e correspondente aparecimento de reações adversas. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar o uso de MPI entre idosos brasileiros utilizando a Lista PRISCUS (2010). Os dados analisados são provenientes da Pesquisa Nacional de Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (PNAUM), de caráter transversal e amostra probabilística populacional em municípios brasileiros urbanos. Neste estudo, foram analisadas as informações obtidas com a população de idosos (60 anos ou mais) (N=9.019). A variável independente foram os medicamentos utilizados por idosos com 60 anos ou mais. As variáveis intervenientes foram sexo, idade, escolaridade, nível econômico e região geográfica. Também foram analisadas as variáveis presença de doença crônica e médico que trata doença crônica. Uma análise multivariável foi realizada para identificar os fatores para o uso de medicamentos inapropriados. Do total de idosos, 18,1% utilizaram no mínimo um medicamento considerado potencialmente inapropriado, independente de dose, sendo que o grupo de medicamentos para o sistema nervoso correspondeu a 45,8%, sendo a amitriptilina a mais prevalente. O uso de medicamentos inapropriados foi maior em mulheres (20,4%), idosos com 80 anos ou mais (22,2%), idosos com nenhuma escolaridade (21,5%), nível econômico C (18,6%), região Sul do Brasil (22,4%), idosos com doença crônica (DC) (21,8%) e que tratavam a DC com mais de um médico (28%). De acordo com a análise multivariável, a variável que se mostrou associada à maior probabilidade para o uso de medicamentos inapropriados foi o aumento do número de medicamentos. Idosos que utilizam maior número de medicamentos simultaneamente (polifarmácia) têm maior probabilidade de terapia inapropriada. Com o intenso processo de envelhecimento, a tendência é aumentar a utilização de medicamentos na população. Programas de atenção ao idoso devem constar como prioridade dos órgãos públicos de saúde. / The proportion of aged has increased causing important changes in the general morbidity profile. A higher frequency of chronic diseases makes medications prescription more and more extensive and complex in this population. These aspects, coupled with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variations related to age and increasing medicalization, lead to an increased risk of problems related to the use of medications, such as the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) and corresponding adverse reactions. This dissertation aims at evaluating the use of PIM among Brazilian elders using the PRISCUS List (2010). The analyzed data came from the National Survey of Access, Use and Promotion of the Rational Use of Medicines (PNAUM, in Portuguese), of transversal character and population probabilistic sample in urban Brazilian municipalities. In this study, the information obtained with the elderly population (60 years or more) (N=9.019) was analyzed. The independent variable was the medication used by the 60 years old people or older. The intervening variables were sex, age, schooling, economic level and geographic region. Also, it were analyzed the presence of chronic disease and the doctor who treats chronic disease. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for the use of inappropriate medications. Of the total aged, 18.1% used at least one medication considered to be potentially inappropriate, regardless of dose, and the group of medications for the nervous system corresponded to 45.8%, with amitriptyline being the most prevalent. The use of inappropriate medications was higher in women (20.4%), 80 years old people or older (22.2%), aged with no schooling (21.5%), economic level C (18.6%), South region of Brazil (22.4%), aged with chronic disease (CD) (21.8%) and who treated CD with more than one physician (28%). According to the multivariate analysis, the variable that was shown to be associated with the greatest probability for the use of inappropriate medications was the increase in the number of medications. Aged who use more medications at the same time are more likely to have inappropriate therapy. With the intense process of aging, the tendency is to increase the use of medications by the population. Aged care programs should be a priority of public health agencies.

Aquatic hemipterans of the family Pleidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) represent a not very well explored group of water insect. Pleidae (Pygmy backswimmers) are tiny (1 ? 3 mm) hemipterans living mostly on the submerged vegetation of lentic water systems. The family is cosmopolitan, but the only species we can find in the Czech Republic is Plea minutissima, which is the most researched one(together with Neoplea striola). This family consists of 33 valid species divided into four generas ? Plea Leach, 1817, Neoplea Esaki a China, 1928, Paraplea Esaki a China, 1928 and Heteroplea Cook, 2011 according to the recent status of knowledge. This thesis is the very first attempt to create a complete catalogue of species in this family. It deals with a list of species, species distribution and key to the genera and species of Pleidae. The list of literature represents bibliography of family.

This thesis provides a comparison of causative mechanisms between two languages: Czech and French. The aim of this research is to reveal expressions that contain a causative meaning in Czech and to analyze which of them are truly equivalent to the French causative construction faire + infinitive. This work classifies general causative mechanisms, according to their nature, between synthetic (prefix, lexical expressions) and analytic (French complex predicate faire + infinitive, periphrastic constructions, separate clauses) and focuses on the French construction by describing its syntactical and semantic specificity. This causative construction is the basis of a parallel research in corpora InterCorp, a technical tool which helps excerpt authentic texts. Additionally, it is attempted to clarify and classify the usage of the Czech equivalents and search for factors that influence their choice with an eye on the source language.

The purpose of this work was the establishment of the amount of chlorophyll in diverse species of deciduous trees in enviroment contaminated by road transport. To determine this, the tests were made from may to august on the leaves of a smallleaved lime tree (Tilia cordata) and sycamore tree (Platanus occidentalis).

The thesis is divided into two parts theoretical one and practical one. The theoretical part describes methods of implementation of physical experiments, also there is discussion about curriculum that was used in the created experiments and description of video analysis with used app, at the end of this part there is also several experiments that are made to inspire teachers and to show them video analysis options. For some of the experiments there is also graphical manual. The practical part contains a set of differentiated tasks and worksheets. In this work there is also few worksheets that were filled by students.