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Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-05-29T19:45:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissBHC.pdf: 1188375 bytes, checksum: 2f9105838acac59bdd34351c27112750 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-30T13:34:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissBHC.pdf: 1188375 bytes, checksum: 2f9105838acac59bdd34351c27112750 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-30T13:34:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissBHC.pdf: 1188375 bytes, checksum: 2f9105838acac59bdd34351c27112750 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-30T13:37:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissBHC.pdf: 1188375 bytes, checksum: 2f9105838acac59bdd34351c27112750 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The objective of this work is to analyze the current relationship that emerges from the coupling between human beings and the technological devices related to listening, considering changes that occur in these devices mainly from the end of the 20th century and beginning of the 21st century, such as miniaturization and proliferation. For the proposed analysis, we map the term technology, which reveals that there is a set of dynamic and non-linear forces acting behind each of these devices, opening a field for dialogical interactions between human and machine. We also map out the theories of listening that emerged in the twentieth century that spring from this dialogical relationship with technology or that take it into account in order to establish a field for thinking about what is at stake in these theories. We conclude the study with an analysis on the relationship between the listening and one of the most established sound devices currently: the smartphone. / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a atual relação que emerge da acoplagem entre os seres humanos e os dispositivos tecnológicos relacionados à escuta, considerando alterações que ocorrem nestes dispositivos principalmente a partir do fim do século XX e início do século XXI, como a miniaturização e a proliferação massiva. Para a análise proposta, foram mapeadas acepções do termo tecnologia que revelam que há um conjunto de forças dinâmicas e não lineares atuando por trás de cada um destes dispositivos, abrindo um campo para interações dialógicas e processos de subjetivação entre ser humano e máquina. Mapeamos também teorias de escuta surgidas no século XX, que brotam a partir desta relação dialógica com a tecnologia ou que a levem em conta, a fim de estabelecermos um campo para pensarmos o que está em jogo nestas teorias. Concluímos o estudo analisando a relação da escuta com um dos dispositivos sonoros mais disseminados atualmente: o smartphone.

To facilitate participation in hearing situations at work sites persons with hearing loss may use assistive listening devices (ALDs). Compared to personal hearing aids ALDs have received little research attention. The aim of this study was dual; firstly to describe ALD-users in Sweden and the usefulness of various equipment in relation to specified hearing situations at work. Secondly, to describe favorable and non favorable conditions for using ADL at everyday situations at work. Seventy ADL-users answered a questionnaire and eleven of these persons were subsequently interviewed. The concept of stigma has been identified in research on hearing loss as a strong factor of denial and resistance for the use of both hearing aids and ALDs, depending on the negative connotations related to visible means for hearing. In this study overcoming stigmatization was further analyzed using social recognition as a theoretical approach. In a concluding discussion, where both categorizations and themes from the interviews were used, it issuggested that the use of visible ALDs is a way of overcoming stigmatization and that their visibility function as a mechanism in developing mutual social recognition in the work group.Though the results show a fairly high degree of usefulness from ALDs, work place adaptations should to a greater extent pay attention to environmental factors (e.g. noise and bad acoustics) influencing the use of this technology. More information on such factors is needed from studies of realistic situations at concrete work sites. Conclusions from this study are mainly valid for this sample; knowledge of the population is small due to lack of registers kept by the providers of this technology. To facilitate further studies on employed persons with hearing loss available statistics could be significantly improved by keeping records on both medical data and all kinds of rehabilitative adaptations measures.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alice Sampaio Rodrigues.pdf: 1583118 bytes, checksum: 5d72ff705352a9ba2a5fed16d986fde1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Introduction: The increasing exposure to high sound pressure levels of personal listening devices (PLD), better known as MP3 players and iPods, reach sound intensities ranging from 60 to 125 dB (A), and has been raising concern on health professionals. Users of PLD have the habit of increasing the volume control to hide the background sounds such as a conversation, traffic or environmental noises. If used in an inappropriate way, these devices can cause risk of hearing impairment. Purpose: To characterize the use of personal listening devices in youths living in the cities of São Luis and São Paulo, considering if the sex and geographical area as sources of variability. Method: The sample comprised 80 university students, aged between 18 and 30 years old, living in the cities São Luis and São Paulo, equally divided by sex. The procedure consisted of applying a questionnaire containing 12 objective questions. Results: For the 80 students, it was found as sound habits the following: listening to the PLD for "more than three years" for 32 (80.0%) of youngsters from São Paulo and 14 (35.0%) from São Luis; concerning to the use of the devices "for more than two hours" a day, 14 (35.0%) youngsters in São Paulo and 20 (50.0%) in São Luis; the most frequent position of the volume control was "half" for 28 (70.0%) in São Paulo, and 22 (55.0%) in São Luis; the most frequent type of phone was insertion for 39 (97.5%) subjects in the two cities, and for the request made to users of PLD to lower the volume, four (20.0%) of female users and 13 (65.0%) males in São Luis were asked to lower it. In São Paulo, there were no differences among the samples, six (30.0%) for both genders. The majority the interviewed (40 (100.0%) in São Luis and 37 (92.5%) in São Paulo) answered that to use the PLD in maximum volume can cause hearing impairment. Conclusion: The results revealed statistically significant differences among youngster s sound habits in the two cities, revealing that sex and geographical region are sources of variability / Introdução: A crescente exposição a níveis de pressão sonora elevados dos equipamentos estéreos pessoais (EP), mais conhecidos como MP3 players e iPods, alcançam intensidades sonoras que variam de 60 a 125 dB (A), vem gerando preocupação por parte dos profissionais da área da saúde. Os usuários de EP têm o hábito de elevar o controle de volume para ocultar os sons externos da conversação e os ruídos de trânsito ou ambientais, utilizando-os de maneira inadequada, podendo desencadear sérios riscos de desenvolverem alterações auditivas. Objetivo: Caracterizar o uso de equipamentos estéreos pessoais em jovens que residem nas cidades de São Luís e São Paulo, verificando se a região geográfica e o sexo são fontes de variabilidade. Método: A casuística foi composta por 80 universitários, na faixa etária entre 18 e 30 anos, sendo 40 da cidade de São Paulo e 40 de São Luís, igualmente distribuídos por sexo. O procedimento constou da aplicação de um questionário, contendo 12 questões objetivas. Resultados: Para os 80 sujeitos, obtivemos como hábito sonoro, escutar o EP por mais de três anos em 32 (80,0%) dos jovens de São Paulo e 14 (35,0%) de São Luís; por mais de duas horas por dia em São Paulo 14 (35,0%) e em São Luís 20 (50,0%); quanto à posição do controle de volume mais frequente foi metade para as duas cidades, São Paulo, 28 (70,0%) e São Luís 22 (55,0%); o tipo de fone inserção foi o de maior ocorrência entre os entrevistados, 39 (97,5%) para as duas cidades; quanto à solicitação feita aos usuários de EP para que abaixassem o volume, quatro (20,0%) dos usuários do sexo feminino e 13 (65,0%) do sexo masculino em São Luís foram solicitados a diminuir. Em São Paulo, não houve diferenças entre as amostras, seis (30,0%) para os dois sexos. A maioria dos entrevistados, ou seja, 40 (100,0%) em São Luís e 37 (92,5%) em São Paulo responderam que o volume máximo pode causar uma deficiência de audição. Conclusão: Os resultados revelaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes nos hábitos sonoros dos jovens das cidades, mostrando que sexo e região geográfica são fontes de variabilidade

Background: Hearing aid prescriptive recommendations for hearing losses having a conductive component have received less clinical and research interest than for losses of a sensorineural nature; as a result, much variation remains among current prescriptive methods in their recommendations for conductive and mixed hearing losses (Johnson and Dillon, 2011). Purpose: The primary intent of this brief clinical note is to demonstrate differences between two algebraically equivalent expressions of hearing loss, which have been approaches used historically to generate a prescription for hearing losses with a conductive component. When air and bone conduction thresholds are entered into hearing aid prescriptions designed for nonlinear hearing aids, it was hypothesized that that two expressions would not yield equivalent amounts of prescribed insertion gain and output. These differences are examined for their impact on the maximum power output (MPO) requirements of the hearing aid. Subsequently, the MPO capabilities of two common behind-the-ear (BTE) receiver placement alternatives, receiver-in-aid (RIA) and receiver-in-canal (RIC), are examined. Study Samples: The two expressions of hearing losses examined were the 25% ABG + AC approach and the 75% ABG + BC approach, where ABG refers to air-bone gap, AC refers to air-conduction threshold, and BC refers to bone-conduction threshold. Example hearing loss cases with a conductive component are sampled for calculations. The MPO capabilities of the BTE receiver placements in commercially-available products were obtained from hearing aids on the U.S. federal purchasing contract. Results: Prescribed gain and the required MPO differs markedly between the two approaches. The 75% ABG + BC approach prescribes a compression ratio that is reflective of the amount of sensorineural hearing loss. Not all hearing aids will have the MPO capabilities to support the output requirements for fitting hearing losses with a large conductive component particularly when combined with significant sensorineural hearing loss. Generally, current RIA BTE products have greater output capabilities than RIC BTE products. Conclusions: The 75% ABG + BC approach is more appropriate than the 25% ABG + AC approach because the latter approach inappropriately uses AC thresholds as the basis for determining the compression ratio. That is, for hearing losses with a conductive component, the AC thresholds are not a measure of sensorineural hearing loss and cannot serve as the basis for determining the amount of desired compression. The Australian National Acoustic Laboratories has been using the 75% ABG + BC approach in lieu of the 25% ABG + AC approach since its release of the National Acoustic Laboratories—Non-linear 1 (NAL-NL1) prescriptive method in 1999. Future research may examine whether individuals with conductive hearing loss benefit or prefer more than 75% restoration of the conductive component provided adequate MPO capabilities to support such restoration.