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Thesis advisor: Dominic F. Doyle / Examines the relationship between theology and literature with a goal of developing a starting point for a comprehensive theology of literature. / Thesis (STL) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. School of Theology and Ministry. / Discipline: Sacred Theology.

In her book The Hidden Machinery: Essays on Writing, Margot Livesey uses the phrase "the hidden machinery" to refer to two different aspects of novel making: on the one hand, how certain elements of the text characters, plot, imagery work together to make an overarching argument; on the other hand, how the secret, psychic of life of the author, and the larger events of his or her time and place, shape the argument (29). To me, the interconnected craft elements of fiction remains an ongoing enigma. I will delve into the hidden machinery of two authors with whom my own stories feel in alignment, Claire Vaye Watkins and Denis Johnson. Specifically, I will argue that Watkins subverts reader expectation and compose stories that are raw and peculiar and beautiful. Denis Johnson writes with such masterful control of voice, and expertly navigates unreliable narrators throughout his stories.

A number of arguments appeared in the late-nineteenth-century United States about “correctness” in language, arguments for and against enforcing a standard of correctness and arguments about what should count as correct in language. Insofar as knowledge about and facility with “correct” linguistic usage could affect one’s standing in the social structure, such knowledge and facility functioned as a form of capital—linguistic capital. This dissertation considers treatments of linguistic capital in a variety of contexts, including verbal criticism, linguistics, composition pedagogy, and novels. The subject of Chapter 1 is verbal criticism, popular writings that quibble over the “correct” meanings of words. Verbal critics’ goals and conclusions, however, were often full of contradictions. My first chapter offers an explanation for these contradictions based on their resonance within late-nineteenth-century capitalism’s social structure. Chapter 2 centers around William Dwight Whitney‘s efforts to establish what he called the “science of language” in America. Whitney’s potentially progressive principles sometimes appear conservative, capable of rationalizing a laissez-faire politics with regard to language and class—a politics this chapter considers in relation to Whitney’s attempt to craft an ethos for the discipline of linguistics. My third chapter examines the dominant composition pedagogy of this period, current-traditional rhetoric, at a time when universities increasingly admitted middle-class students. Chapter 3 considers what types of cultural capital current-traditional pedagogy assumed its students possessed and what effects its assumptions imply. Chapter 4 focuses on William Dean Howells, whose realist novels represented the language of various characters as precisely as possible in an effort to encourage readers to accept speakers of non-prestige dialects. This chapter explores the possibilities and the limits of Howells’s efforts, and what those possibilities and limits imply for any progressive language policy. The Conclusion analyzes the most famous attempt by a professional organization to adopt such a progressive language policy, the Conference on College Composition and Communication’s “Students’ Right to Their Own Language.” Deliberation over this policy deeply divided teachers in the language arts. My conclusion considers why both sides may be right—and wrong—to think their preferred means can achieve what turns out to be an agreed-upon end. / text

This M.A. thesis focuses on the problematic relationship between Henry James and Aestheticism and Decadence on the example of his two masterpieces-The Portrait of a Lady () and The Golden Bowl (). The main task is to document the evolution of this relationship and to point out that despite his lifelong preoccupation with these two artistic movements in his literary works, James refuses to assume a concrete stance toward them. Before the literary analysis of the two abovementioned novels, the author devotes the first chapter to a brief historical survey as to the nature and purpose of the work of art, to the development Aestheticism and Decadence in Europe and Britain, and to James's relationship with some of the proponents of British Aestheticism. The rest of the thesis is devoted to the literary analysis of the two novels through the optics of Aestheticism and Decadence. Keywords: James, Henry; Aestheticism; Decadence; literary analysis; transatlantic studies

Esta dissertação pretende analisar as mudanças dos modos de representação ficcional que, entre 1973 a 2002, assumiu o projeto narrativo de Luis Gusmán, tendo como fulcro uma leitura específica de seu romance En el corazón de junio, observando \"a crise do contrato mimético\" aberta por sua primeira narrativa e depois abandonada ao longo da trajetória, aproximando-se ao referente. -Reconstruir um marco histórico da Argentina dos anos 1970 a 2002. -Pensar o lugar da revista Literal (1973-1977) no campo literário. -Desenhar as tomadas de posição de Gusmán com relação a Literal e sua proposta estética nos anos posteriores. -Construir uma tentativa de leitura do romance En el corazón de junio (1983) -Analisar a aproximação particular do autor frente ao realismo literário. / This thesis intends to analyze changes in the fictional representing modes of Luis Gusmán\'s narrative project, between 1973 and 2002, locating its core at the specific reading of his novel En el corazón de junio observing \"the mimetic contract crisis\", opened by his first narrative then abandoned alongside the trajectory, approaching the referent. -Reconstruct Argentina\'s historic marks from 1970\'s to 2002. -Think the place of Literal Review (1973-1977) in literary field. -Outline Gusmán\'s stands concerning Literal and his aesthetic propose afterwards. -Construct a reading assay of the novel En el corazón de junio (1983). -Analyze the author\'s particular approach to literary realism.

Esta dissertação pretende analisar as mudanças dos modos de representação ficcional que, entre 1973 a 2002, assumiu o projeto narrativo de Luis Gusmán, tendo como fulcro uma leitura específica de seu romance En el corazón de junio, observando \"a crise do contrato mimético\" aberta por sua primeira narrativa e depois abandonada ao longo da trajetória, aproximando-se ao referente. -Reconstruir um marco histórico da Argentina dos anos 1970 a 2002. -Pensar o lugar da revista Literal (1973-1977) no campo literário. -Desenhar as tomadas de posição de Gusmán com relação a Literal e sua proposta estética nos anos posteriores. -Construir uma tentativa de leitura do romance En el corazón de junio (1983) -Analisar a aproximação particular do autor frente ao realismo literário. / This thesis intends to analyze changes in the fictional representing modes of Luis Gusmán\'s narrative project, between 1973 and 2002, locating its core at the specific reading of his novel En el corazón de junio observing \"the mimetic contract crisis\", opened by his first narrative then abandoned alongside the trajectory, approaching the referent. -Reconstruct Argentina\'s historic marks from 1970\'s to 2002. -Think the place of Literal Review (1973-1977) in literary field. -Outline Gusmán\'s stands concerning Literal and his aesthetic propose afterwards. -Construct a reading assay of the novel En el corazón de junio (1983). -Analyze the author\'s particular approach to literary realism.

This thesis consists of a close reading of the representation of the Spanish Civil War in selected novels of Juan Marse (1933-) and Claude Simon (1913-). It explores how this representation, ultimately, reveals the traces of their different intellectual contexts. The initial comparison questions whether Marse's representation of the Spanish revolution in Barcelona implies, like Simon's account, a negative representation of the concept of political engagement and a similar historical pessimism. It goes on to discuss how this negative view is shaped by the writers' respective historical contexts and aesthetics. Secondly, since, to varying degrees, the novels studied make the reader critically aware of processes of narrativisation and representation, and of issues of narrative reliability and authority, the thesis explores the extent to which their representations of the Civil War are 'anti-realist'. In order to do so, it initially locates the question of 'realism' or 'anti-realism' in the texts within a wider theoretical framework: that of the critique of realism within poststructuralist French theory after Barthes. The latter debate over referentiality in literary realism also underpins ongoing critical debates over the status of history as a text. This thesis, thirdly, considers whether both writers' representations of the Civil War and of historical processes suggest a particular attitude towards the writing of history, namely whether and to what extent Simon's and Marse's representations of the war problematize the relationship between their historical referent - the events of the war and/or its aftermath - and its narration and interpretation. In particular, it asks whether Marse's texts involve the kind of rejection of progressive historical 'meta-narratives' which is implicit and explicit in Simon's representation of the Civil War, but also whether Simon's texts do, in fact, not simply undermine this model of historical causality but posit an alternative, anti-progressive historical telos.

This master´s thesis concern about personal and family strategies of rural population in the second part of 19. century. The following strategies are especially affiliated with choosing children´s name, select of godfathers, partners choices, labour migration and reservatum rusticum. The origin for rechearch of this theme is possible divide in two big parts. The first generate literary works of the realist art movement 19. century (novel and short stories from Jindřich Šimon Baar, Karel Klostermann, Teréza Nováková, Karel Václav Rais, Gabriela Preissová and others) and trivial literature the same period (novel and short stories from V. Čuta, Josef Jahoda, Vlasta Javořická, Vlasta Pittnerová, Marie E. Vokáčová, Bohumil Zahradník-Brodský and others). The second part is consist of origin evidential (birth, marriage and death records, census) and insurance charakter. It was choosed a territory of Besednice for a concrete comparation.

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