<p>This study is a theoretical research concerning Ibn Arabi's Sufi experience and his philosophy of the &quot / unity of being&quot / (also his poetical talent). I therefore adopted the historical and analytical methodologies to analyse and reply on the questions and suggestions I have raised in this paper. Both of the methodologies reveal the actual status of the Sufism of Ibn Arabi who came with a challenging sufi doctrine. Also, in the theoretical methodology I attempt to define Sufism by giving a panoramic history of it. I have also researched Ibn Arabi's status amongst his contemporaries for example, Al-Hallaj and Ibn Al Farid, and how they influenced him as a Sufi thinker during this time.</p> <p><br /> In the analytical study I explore the poems &quot / Tarjuman al Ashwaq&quot / of Ibn Arabi, of which I have selected some poems to study analytically. Through this I discovered Ibn Arabi's Sufi inclinations and the criticisms of various literary scholars, theologians, philosophers and also sufi thinkers, both from the East and the West. In this analysis I have also focused on the artistic value of the poetry which he utilized to promote his own doctrine &quot / the unity of being.&quot / </p>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-06-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:30:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 essencio_sv_me_assis.pdf: 777896 bytes, checksum: 265ff22065ca268958b1d09ad72bc4d1 (MD5) / Este trabalho de crítica literária se ocupa da obra Fazenda Modelo – novela pecuária, de Chico Buarque. Publicada em 1974 e sendo muito bem recebida pelo público leitor, somente nos últimos anos esta obra tem sido alvo da crítica, recebendo um exame mais profundo, situando-a no interior do projeto estético do autor. Conhecido como compositor e por sua produção teatral, Chico Buarque esboça nessa obra muitos aspectos que continuaria a desenvolver ao longo de sua produção em prosa posterior, considerando-se aí Estorvo, Benjamim, Budapeste e Leite Derramado. Essa obra estabelece uma relação satírica e paródica com a literatura distópica de George Orwell e Aldous Huxley, mas problematiza essa mesma tradição imprimindo-lhe uma cor local que a diferencia dos textos com os quais dialoga. É na esteira do pensamento do Círculo de Bakhtin que esta pesquisa busca filiar-se, tentando compreender as transformações da arte e da vida social de forma entrelaçada e dialética. Pautado também em formulações de outros pensadores da cultura – como Georg Lukács, Walter Benjamin, Antonio Candido, Roberto Schwarz, entre outros – este trabalho investiga em que medida a literatura de Chico Buarque estabelece diálogos com o pensamento científico e social, incorporando muitos desses aspectos à estrutura do texto. Destacamos o aspecto da “malandragem” como o elemento unificador da prosa do autor, por meio do qual um dado da realidade social do país ganha acabamento estético e verificável como permanente no tempo. O ponto de vista concernente a essa ética (e estética) da malandragem está relacionado à dialética entre a ordem e a desordem, entre o oficial e o não-oficial, aspecto encontrável tanto na sociedade quanto na literatura brasileira. Dessa característica maior, vemos um desdobramento na obra de Chico Buarque que se configura como uma relação... / This dissertation on literary criticism focuses the book Fazenda Modelo – novela pecuária, written by Chico Buarque. Published in 1974, it was very well received by the readers, but only in the last few years this work has been the subject of criticism, getting a deeper examination, placing it inside the author's aesthetic project. Known as a composer and his theatrical production, in Fazenda Modelo Chico Buarque outlines many aspects that would continue to develop throughout his later prose production, considering this Estorvo, Benjamin, Budapeste and Leite derramado. This work establishes a satirical and parodic relation with the dystopian literature of George Orwell and Aldous Huxley, but discusses this same tradition by printing a local color that sets it apart from the texts which it dialogues with. It is in the thought of Bakhtin's Circle that this research tries to understand the transformations of art and social life so intertwined and dialectic. Based also on formulations of other authors – such as Georg Lukács, Walter Benjamin, Antonio Candido, Roberto Schwarz, among others – this work investigates how the literature of Chico Buarque dialogues with the scientific and social thinking, incorporating many of these aspects to the structure of the text. We highlight the aspect of the malandragem as the unifying element of the author's prose, where a given social reality of the country earns aesthetic and verifiable as permanent in time. The point of view concerning this Ethics (and aesthetics) of trickery is related to the dialectic between the order and disorder, between the official and the unofficial, findable aspect both in society and in Brazilian literature. In this feature, we see an offshoot in the work of Chico Buarque that is configured as an ambivalent relationship between construction and dissolution, producing... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

In the Parallel Lives Plutarch does not absolve his readers of the need for moral reflection by offering any sort of hard and fact rules for their moral judgement. Rather, he uses strategies for eliciting from readers an active engagement with the act of judging. This study, building upon and verifying further recent research on the challenging and exploratory, rather than affirmative, moral impact that the Lives are designed to have on their readers, offers the first systematic analysis of the representation of 'experimental' moralism of Plutarch's Parallel Lives. It seeks to describe and analyse the range of narrative techniques that Plutarch employs to draw his readers into the process of moral evaluation and expose them to the complexities and difficulties involved in making moral judgements. Through illustrating Plutarch's narrative techniques, it also sheds significant light on Plutarch's sensibility to the artistic qualities of historical narrative as well as to the challenges and dangers inherent in recounting, reading, and evaluating history. Chapter 1 considers the interrogatory nature of the moralism of the Lives and their narrative sophistication, which the insights of recent literary theories can help us to unfold and analyse. Chapter 2 is concerned with Plutarch's projection of himself and his readers, and, more specifically, with the devices that Plutarch exploits to build his authority with his readers, establish their complicity, and draw them into engaging all the more actively with the subjects of his Lives. Chapter 3 examines how Plutarch's delving into the minds of the in-text characters generates in readers empathy that keeps them alert up to the end of the Life to the complex and provisional character of a clear-cut moralising judgement. Chapter 4 reflects especially upon Plutarch's tendency to refrain from offering an overall moral conclusion in the closing chapters of the biographies. It examines several closural devices (such as anecdotes, the aftermath of cities, literary allusions, and generalised moral statements) that are effective in drawing readers to review in retrospect moral themes and questions which matter to the book as a whole, and (in the case of the endings of the second Lives) help a neat transition to the final comparative epilogue (Synkrisis) - whenever this follows. Chapter 5 explores how the Synkriseis expose readers to the particular challenges involved in deciding an overarching concluding judgement. It also closely examines the books that (as they now stand) do not have a Synkrisis and makes the case that no 'terminal irregularity' can justify and explain any deliberate omission of their comparative epilogues. Finally, Chapter 6 focuses on Plutarch's essay On the malice of Herodotus and explores how far Plutarch's techniques in the Lives escape and how far they are vulnerable to the criticisms that Plutarch makes of Herodotus. This analysis brings together the main strands of the earlier chapters so as to illuminate further Plutarch's narrative strategies; it also discusses the possibility that Plutarch exploits the rhetorical agonistic framework of the essay in order to elicit a similar sort of attentive and acute reader response to historical narrative, as in the Lives, and to arouse awareness of the precarious act of exercising moral judgement.

Orientador: Márcio Scheel / Banca: Arnaldo Franco Júnior / Banca: Cláudia Fernanda de Campos Mauro / Resumo: Este trabalho consiste no estudo das relações entre modernidade, racionalização e violência no livro É isto um homem?, de Primo Levi. Este autor é um judeu italiano, personagem central de sua obra, que consiste no testemunho daquilo que viveu em Auschwitz, um dos maiores campos de concentração nazista. No livro, o autor recria, por meio da linguagem, um mundo extraliterário, o do campo, com sua arquitetura própria, sua organização interna e suas formas de controle e extermínio. Primo Levi narra as atrocidades cometidas por seres humanos contra outros seres humanos, de uma forma bárbara, deixando claro que, quando a luta é pela sobrevivência, os valores éticos e morais são postos à prova; ao mesmo tempo em que, no caso do carrasco, verdadeiras faces se revelam, trazendo à tona a força da barbárie e sua capacidade de ultrapassar todos os limites humanos. Primo Levi narra os fatos sentindo-se como que incumbido de um dever moral para com a sociedade, dever de falar em nome daqueles que não sobreviveram. Apesar da dificuldade de representação de sua experiência traumática, Levi expõe todo um sistema burocraticamente organizado que possibilitou que Auschwitz chegasse a ser o próprio horror; lugar onde a razão instrumentalizada desfez os princípios iluministas de progresso e animalizou os homens, condenados a uma violência destrutiva e mortífera, que, por sua vez, foi subsidiada pela própria noção de progresso e desenvolvimento técnico que marcou os ideais da modernidade. / Mestre

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Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-16T11:29:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata de Souza Spinola.pdf: 2200467 bytes, checksum: ae125ccf661cacec31c41db10c01ff24 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva(sivalda@ufba.br) on 2013-05-27T21:24:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata de Souza Spinola.pdf: 2200467 bytes, checksum: ae125ccf661cacec31c41db10c01ff24 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-27T21:24:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata de Souza Spinola.pdf: 2200467 bytes, checksum: ae125ccf661cacec31c41db10c01ff24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Esta dissertação constitui-se numa tentativa de compreender como o conceito de fantástico se difundiu na teoria da literatura e a possibilidade de sua permanência no discurso literário contemporâneo. Para tanto, foi empreendida uma revisão da teoria através da qual esse termo foi divulgado e dos entraves que dela derivam. Ao examinar esse processo, buscou-se identificar que elementos possibilitavam reconhecer um texto como fantástico, os períodos aos quais este tipo de relato esteve associado e as razões pelas quais esse conceito ficou impossibilitado de abranger as narrativas que se desenvolveram no século XX. Dentre essas razões, a maior delas foi atribuída ao surgimento da psicanálise e, por esse motivo, procurou-se observar que tipo de relação a literatura fantástica trava com o discurso psicanalítico. Além disso, buscou-se estabelecer, com base nas teorias revisadas, em novas abordagens teóricas acerca do fantástico e, sobretudo, no próprio discurso da psicanálise, características que pudessem ser identificadas como fantásticas em narrativas contemporâneas, objetivando a reabilitação desse conceito. Para este estudo elegemos as narrativas de Antonio Brasileiro como objeto de abordagem. / Salvador

This study interrogates how Shona novelists conceptualise and depict the African communitarian worldview of unhu (humanity to others). The study relies on content analysis of selected Shona novels, critical reviews from various scholars, journals, newspapers and theses, augmented by interviews and questionnaires. The theoretical framework is guided by Afrocentricity and Africana Womanism which are pivotal to the explication of meaning from selected texts, with the view to examining whether or not the writers‟ portrayal and understanding of unhu helps Africa‟s socio-cultural and political liberation. Given that the African worldview of unhu celebrates virtues central to mutual social responsibility, mutual respect, trust, self-reliance, caring, among other attributes. These tenets help to revitalise and rejuvenate the decaying socio-cultural fabric of Zimbabwe. The study intimates that unhu principles could be fruitfully embraced in charting a dispensation in which all people of Zimbabwe could subordinate their personal interests to the interests, respecting one another, thus forging enduring peace and development while, at the same time, the leadership would be governed by democratic tenets espoused through unhu. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

This study explores representations of race and racial difference in the writing of white South Africans in English, between the years, approximately, of 1890 and 1930. The first chapter essays a theoretical and historical investigation of the concept of race and offers a narrative of the rise of Western racialism. Its conclusion, that race has functioned as a vehicle of displacement for other forms of difference in the competition for advantage among social groups, is qualified in Chapter Two by the postulate of an anthropologial absolute, the "ethnic imperative", to help account for the strategic emergence of racialism in specific historical circumstances. The role of the ethnic imperative in the moral economy of colonial South Africa in the years 1890-1930 is examined through the analysis of three representative texts. In Chapter Three, a wide range of primary material is canvassed for prevailing views on the "Native Question", the perceived social threat posed by the half-caste, and the "Black Peril", culminating in the detailed examination of a fictional text. A particular concern in both Chapters Two and Three is the imagery of disease and contagion in terms of which racial contact is typically represented. The following chapter situates the literary works discussed in the study in the context of the South African literary tradition, then uses the example of selected short stories to indicate some narratological problems encountered by the writer with a racialist agenda within the medium of realist fiction. Chapters Five and Six investigate, through the close reading of selected novels, thematic concerns rooted in the intersection of the discourse of race with those of gender and social class. The final chapter reveals how William Plomer's novel, Turbott Wolfe, represents a volatile synthesis of a standard discourse on social class, an acknowledgement of the ethnic imperative, the imagery of contagion, and a principled repudiation of racialism, in a multi-faceted, modernist, and partially self-aware fashion. The more salient conclusions reached by this study concern the inadequacy of purely materialist analysis to account for the phenomenon of racialism, the historically determined link between racial attitudes and sexuality, and the manifest incompatibility of racial ideology with the liberal humanism inscribed in the formal requirements of the realist work of fiction.

Thesis (Magister Technologiae (Education))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010 / This study traces the effects of a children’s literature intervention on first year B Ed students’ reading habits and attitudes. A review of relevant literature includes concepts of literacy, with specific reference to family literacy, adolescent literacy and critical literacy; effective literacy practices; reading, reader response and theoretical perspectives of literature, including children’s literature, and its application in the classroom; motivation and reader-identity. A variety of quantitative and qualitative methods were used to gather data over a period of eighteen months. The data captured attitudes to reading and traced changes in attitudes, habits and motivation resulting from an intervention that required students to engage in reading a range of children’s literature texts. Findings showed movement from apathy to engagement at the lowest levels of change and from extrinsic to intrinsic motivation at successive levels of change. Most significantly, the intervention caused discontinuous (permanent) change in students’ constructions of themselves as readers. Key words: critical literacy; adolescent literacy; reader response; children’s literature; extrinsic / intrinsic motivation; discontinuous change; reader identity.

Orientador: Giséle Manganelli Fernandes / Coorientador: Manuel Fernando Medina / Banca: Nelson Luís Ramos / Resumo: A forma mais simples de apresentar os três episódios que compõem este trabalho é supor que o argentino Jorge Luis Borges ocupe provisoriamente o centro duma rede de obras e de escritores de ficção científica hermética latino-americana - uma rede que pode ser lida como uma conspiração. A figura de Borges - mistura heterodoxa de literatura e de "vida", de revelações, de epifanias, de "mentiras verdadeiras", de excessos intelectuais - permite ingressar na tradição da ficção científica herege desde o instante inicial quando os conquistadores invadiram o território que ainda não era América. O "kairós" histórico, político, cultural, ideológico, econômico do desencontro dessas duas cosmovisões provocou uma "guerra de imagens" e de discursos em cujo fragor mestiçaram-se desejos milenaristas europeus e concepções ameríndias também proféticas, também transcendentes e com idêntica impossibilidade - como o sonho dos seus invasores - de ser utopia em uma "terra sem mal". Nessas heterodoxias misturadas - caóticas, potentes para pensar e híbridas na sua origem europeia - cozinhou-se o húmus da ficção científica hermética que, com maior ou menor intensidade, fermentou até explodir no século XX. Em consequência, o gnóstico e cabalístico Borges é um mecanismo textual, com suas árduas especulações e com suas conspirações, para ler duas linhas genéricas surgidas desse húmus herege - linhas que, por nascer dos códigos do pensamento heterodoxo, são principais, porém não únicas. A primeira eclode no século XVII entre Brasil e Lisboa. Responde à ideia do complô, da conquista do espaço, da invasão, do domínio total (macrocosmo). O padre jesuíta Antônio Vieira baseado no milenarismo português constrói, no contexto de uma vida polêmica, um peculiar córpus composto de sermões apocalípticos e satíricos; uma carta-tratado ("papel") que justifica um silogismo ... / Resumen: El camino más directo para presentar estos tres episodios es suponer que el argentino Jorge Luis Borges ocupa -de forma provisoria- el centro de una red de obras y de escritores de ciencia ficción hermética latinoamericana -red que puede ser leída como una conspiración. La figura de Borges -mezcla heterodoxa de literatura y de 'vida', de revelaciones, de epifanías, de 'mentiras verdaderas', de excesos intelectuales- permite acceder a esa tradición de ciencia ficción hereje desde el instante inicial en el que los conquistadores invadieron el territorio que no era América todavía. El 'kairós' histórico, político, cultural, ideológico, económico del desencuentro de dos cosmovisiones provocó una 'guerra de imágenes', y de discursos, en cuyo fragor se mestizaron anhelos milenaristas europeos y concepciones amerindias también proféticas, también trascendentes y con idéntica imposibilidad -que el sueño de sus invasores- de resultar utopía en una 'tierra sin mal'. En esas heterodoxias mezcladas -caóticas, potentes para pensar y ya híbridas en su origen europeo- se cocinó el humus de la ciencia ficción hermética que, con mayor o menor intensidad, fermentó por centurias hasta explotar en el siglo XX. El gnóstico y cabalístico Borges es, entonces, un mecanismo textual, con sus arduas especulaciones y con sus conspiraciones, para leer dos líneas genéricas surgidas de ese humus hereje -líneas que al desprenderse de los códigos del pensamiento heterodoxo son principales, pero no únicas. La primera eclosiona en el siglo XVII entre Brasil y Lisboa. Responde a la idea de complot, de conquista del espacio, de invasión, de dominio total ('macrocosmos'). El padre jesuita Antônio Vieira en base al milenarismo portugués construye, en el entramado no menos polémico de su vida, un peculiar corpus compuesto por sermones apocalípticos y satíricos; una carta-tratado ('papel') que justifica un silogismo ... / Mestre