本研究針對國內2008至2012年非金融業之上市上櫃公司，探討董監事及重要職員責任保險之需求因素，並研究這些需求因素之彼此關連性，形成董監事責任保險之需求因素路徑分析，最後根據實證結果建立路徑圖。 研究結果顯示，股東總數、公司規模、董監事持股比例、外部持股比例和獨立董監事比例，對董監事責任保險金額呈顯著正相關；董事長兼任總經理與董監事責任保險金額呈顯著負相關。經理人持股比例、資產報酬率和負債比率因樣本分配較分散，迴歸分析受極端值影響，導致在統計結果中不顯著。此外，董監報酬若對董監事責任保險金額採單一迴歸時，具有顯著相關。但在路徑分析中，會因受其他變數影響，導致不具相關性。 / Based on a sample of firms, except for financial companies, listed in Taiwan Securities Exchange and Gre Tai Securities Market over the period of 2008-2012, this study examines the determinants of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance and the cause-effect relations among these determinants which are presented by path diagram. The empirical result indicates that the number of shareholders, size, directors’ and supervisors’ ownership, outsider ownership, and percentage of independent directors and supervisors in the board of directors are positively related to the amount of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. The chief executive officer as the chairman of the board is negatively associated with the amount of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. The manager ownership, return on asset, debt ratio and the directors’ and supervisors’ reward are not related to the amount of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance.

Legal decisions on Aboriginal rights and title and treaty negotiations with First Nations in British Columbia (BC) are inextricably linked. While much has been written on the impacts of a small number of such legal decisions, there has been very little research that critically examines how legal decisions on Aboriginal rights and title, in general, influence the way the parties to the BC treaty process conduct treaty negotiations. In-depth interviews with ten First Nations, provincial, and federal chief negotiators/advisers, together with British Columbia Treaty Commission (BCTC) commissioners and senior-level program staff, suggest that legal decisions on Aboriginal rights and title influence the conduct of treaty negotiations in an indirect and serpentine manner. Further to this, the results suggest that legal decisions on Aboriginal rights and title may act to simultaneously facilitate and constrain the conduct of negotiations.

Since the 1970s there has been a growing interest in, and utilisation of, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) techniques to resolve environmental conflicts in western societies. ADR was incorporated into one of New Zealand's main environmental statutes, the Resource Management Act 1991(RMA). Under s.268 of the RMA the Environment Court (the Court) may, if the parties agree, conduct mediation in order to facilitate settlement of resource management disputes. The RMA, which has now been in operation for ten years, gives no guidance as to the way in which mediation is to be conducted. The Court has developed procedures and processes for administering and conducting mediation. This study critically evaluates the practice of Court assisted mediation of environmental disputes under the RMA. A literature review and interviews with stakeholder groups are used in this evaluation. The study shows that mediation generates benefits for the Court and participants. It also identifies limitations with the current mediation procedures and processes. These may impact the effectiveness of participants in mediation, their satisfaction with, and support for, the mediated settlement and with the environmental outcomes. The study recommends a series of guidelines be prepared on the functions and administrative procedures of the Court and on the mediation process promoted by the Court. Further research is also recommended. It is considered that these recommendations, if implemented, will enhance the process for participants, ensure more equitable and consistent environmental outcomes, in terms of present and future generations, and retain public confidence in the mediation process.

Legal decisions on Aboriginal rights and title and treaty negotiations with First Nations in British Columbia (BC) are inextricably linked. While much has been written on the impacts of a small number of such legal decisions, there has been very little research that critically examines how legal decisions on Aboriginal rights and title, in general, influence the way the parties to the BC treaty process conduct treaty negotiations. In-depth interviews with ten First Nations, provincial, and federal chief negotiators/advisers, together with British Columbia Treaty Commission (BCTC) commissioners and senior-level program staff, suggest that legal decisions on Aboriginal rights and title influence the conduct of treaty negotiations in an indirect and serpentine manner. Further to this, the results suggest that legal decisions on Aboriginal rights and title may act to simultaneously facilitate and constrain the conduct of negotiations.

Legal decisions on Aboriginal rights and title and treaty negotiations with First Nations in British Columbia (BC) are inextricably linked. While much has been written on the impacts of a small number of such legal decisions, there has been very little research that critically examines how legal decisions on Aboriginal rights and title, in general, influence the way the parties to the BC treaty process conduct treaty negotiations. In-depth interviews with ten First Nations, provincial, and federal chief negotiators/advisers, together with British Columbia Treaty Commission (BCTC) commissioners and senior-level program staff, suggest that legal decisions on Aboriginal rights and title influence the conduct of treaty negotiations in an indirect and serpentine manner. Further to this, the results suggest that legal decisions on Aboriginal rights and title may act to simultaneously facilitate and constrain the conduct of negotiations.

Benché ampiamente studiata con riferimento al contenzioso interno, la res judicata ha ricevuto minore attenzione nella sua “dimensione internazionale”. Il presente lavoro si propone di esplorare i profili incerti degli effetti di giudicato delle “decisioni non domestiche”, intese come decisioni non provenienti dalle corti del foro, e in particolare delle sentenze straniere e dei lodi arbitrali internazionali. Nel tentativo di superare almeno parte delle incertezze e dei problemi della prassi attuale, in relazione alle sentenze straniere si sostiene che i relativi effetti di giudicato vengano determinati sulla base della teoria dell’estensione assoluta degli effetti, la quale assicura certezza giuridica transnazionale ed è consona alla moderna evoluzione liberale delle norme sul riconoscimento. Quanto ai lodi arbitrali, si propone che le istituzioni arbitrali adottino, nei propri regolamenti, ampie regole preclusive che riflettano la natura e gli obiettivi del procedimento arbitrale. Le soluzioni proposte condividono l’idea che gli effetti di giudicato di una “decisione non domestica” dovrebbero essere determinati in linea di principio dal “sistema” a cui la decisione appartiene, sebbene l’adozione di un approccio unitario risulti problematica quando questioni di giudicato sorgono tra corti statali e tribunali arbitrali in maniera da compromettere l’autonomia dell’arbitrato internazionale. / Although extensively studied in domestic litigation, res judicata has received less attention in its “international dimension”. This work seeks to navigate the uncharted waters of the res judicata effects of “non-domestic decisions”, understood as decisions that are not rendered by the courts of the forum, and in particular of foreign judgments and international arbitral awards. In an attempt to overcome at least part of the uncertainties and problems of the current practice, as regards foreign judgments it is proposed that their res judicata effects be determined based on the theory of the absolute extension of effects, which ensures cross-border legal certainty and accords with the modern liberal evolution of recognition rules. As regards arbitral awards, it is suggested that arbitral institutions adopt, in their regulations, broad preclusive rules that reflect the nature and objectives of the arbitral process. The proposed solutions share the idea that the res judicata effects of a “non-domestic decision” should be in principle determined according to the “system” to which the decision belongs, although the adoption of a unitary approach is challenged when res judicata issues arise between state courts and arbitral tribunals so to jeopardize the autonomy of international arbitration.

Submitted by RONALDO MEDEIROS (medeirossre@hotmail.com) on 2015-11-24T18:57:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado da FGV - RONALDO RAIMUNDO MEDEIROS - versão final.pdf: 1446785 bytes, checksum: bfe6567afb7c93013fe71c693f23fb66 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2015-11-24T19:01:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado da FGV - RONALDO RAIMUNDO MEDEIROS - versão final.pdf: 1446785 bytes, checksum: bfe6567afb7c93013fe71c693f23fb66 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-25T11:14:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado da FGV - RONALDO RAIMUNDO MEDEIROS - versão final.pdf: 1446785 bytes, checksum: bfe6567afb7c93013fe71c693f23fb66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-26 / A partir da constatação da falta de uniformidade das decisões do contencioso administrativo tributário estadual (CATE) sobre um mesmo tema específico do ICMS, a exemplo das saídas por transferência de mercadorias entre estabelecimentos pertencentes ao mesmo titular, cuja normatividade legal vigente se encontra positivada no inciso I do art. 12, da Lei Complementar nº 87/96, este trabalho objetiva estudar, por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa de jurisprudência realizada junto aos Tribunais Administrativos Estaduais, que disponibilizam suas decisões na rede mundial de computadores (internet), se a existência de jurisprudência sumulada do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ) sobre esse tema controvertido do ICMS (Enunciado de Súmula nº 166) contribuiu para dar uma maior segurança jurídica à dimensão crítica da relação jurídica tributária, no sentido de tornar mais previsível e isonômica a lide administrativa de natureza tributária. De acordo com a amostra de jurisprudência administrativa obtida de diferentes Tribunais Administrativos Estaduais, podemos concluir que a existência de jurisprudência sumulada do STJ não está tendo, majoritariamente, eficácia no CATE, pelos argumentos mais diversos classificados e agrupados no presente trabalho, os quais servirão, juntamente com a dogmática jurídica existente sobre o tema, como alicerce à resposta normativa a ser sugerida de como as justiças administrativas estaduais deveriam interpretar a jurisprudência dos Tribunais Superiores (STF e STJ), com vista a tornar o contencioso administrativo tributário mais previsível e isonômico, e, desta forma, contribuir para a efetivação da tão almejada justiça fiscal. / Based on the observation of lack of uniformity of decisions of the state administrative tax litigation (CATE), on the specific subject of the incidence of ICMS, like the outputs for transfer of goods between establishments belonging to the same owner, whose current legal normativity is positively valued in item I of Article 12 of Complementary Law No. 87/1996, this study aims at investigating, by means of case through a qualitative research of jurisprudence held with the State Administrative Courts, which provide their decisions on the world wide web (internet), the existence of precedent jurisprudence of the Superior Court of Justice – (STJ), about this controversial subject of ICMS (Statement of Precedent No. 166),contributed to give greater legal certainty to the state tax administrative proceedings, in making the most predictable administrative litigation and isonomic in relation to the decisions of those Fiscal Administrative Justice Organs of second instance. According to the sample of administrative jurisprudence obtained from different State Administrative Courts, we can conclude that the existence of this precedent jurisprudence of the STJ is not having, mainly, effectiveness in CATE, by the most diverse arguments grouped and classified in this work, which will serve, along with the existing legal doctrine on the subject as the foundation for the normative answer to be suggested on how the state administrative justices should interpret the jurisprudence of the Superior Courts (STF and STJ), in order to make the tax administrative litigation more predictable and isonomic, and thus contribute to the realization of the so aspired tax justice.

The system of Alternative Dispute Resolution, commonly known as ADR, comprises multiple informal processes. Traditional processes of negotiation, mediation and arbitration are primary processes within the system of ADR. The elements of the primary processes have been combined with one another or with those of public process to form hybrid ADR processes original only to the system of ADR. These hybrid processes are: rent-a-judge, the mini-trial, the summary jury trial, neutral evaluation and mediation/arbitration. Under the auspices of ADR, derivative processes have also been developed, such as expedited arbitration, documents-only arbitration, final-offer arbitration and quality arbitration. Each process is distinct and separate, having its own unique form, function and method of transforming a dispute. Outwardly, this represents a diverse collection of disjunctive processes. Yet an introspective analysis shows that there is an innate centrality that originates in core principles that bind individual processes to each other and to a unified body of theory. These foundational principles of ADR are replicated in each of its processes. In these terms, ADR is therefore conceptualised as a pluralistic system of dispute resolution that consists of autonomous and individual systems of process that conform to a central body of general theory and consensual principles. As a method of extracting the fundamental principles of ADR, the discontinuities and continuities between the theory and principles of civil procedure, as a unitary system .of procedure, and ADR processes are explored. However, in its conclusions, the thesis rejects the premises of a unitary system of procedure as forming the basis for the theory and principles of ADR. Instead, the contrary notion is advanced that ADR is an independent system of dispute resolution which is based on a theory of processual pluralism and supported by cogent processual principles. / Constitutional, International and Indigenous Law / LL.D.

La régulation du contentieux international des actions de groupe constitue le prolongement dans l'ordre international des fonctions poursuivies par une action de groupe dans l'ordre interne -l'accès en justice, l'efficacité économique et la régulation des marchés - et vise à assurer la sécurité juridique, la prévisibilité et l 'harmonie internationale des solutions ; objectifs également partagés par le droit international privé. Cette régulation s'avère pourtant difficile et complexe, notamment en raison de la concurrence exercée par les ordres juridiques en matière de redressement des dommages de masse, et de l'inadéquation des méthodes et instruments de droit international privé à la résolution d'un contentieux complexe, impliquant une multitude de parties et présentant une forte dimension régulatoire. La globalisation du contentieux international des actions de groupe soulève donc des questions complexes de conflits de juridictions, de conflits de lois, de coordination de procédures ainsi que de reconnaissance et d'exécution des décisions.C'est à ces questions complexes que cette thèse propose de répondre. Les solutions proposées tiennent compte des intérêts enchevêtrés que revêt le contentieux de groupe international, et visent essentiellement à prévenir des hypothèses de sous-régulation et de sur-régulation susceptibles d'empoisonner aujourd'hui le contentieux de masse international. / The regulation of international disputes arising out of group actions consists of safeguarding the functions underlying a domestic group action procedure in the context of international litigation (i.e. access to justice, economic efficiency and market regulation). It also aims to ensure the legal certainty, the predictability and harmony of solutions; the latters are objectives also pursued by the rules of private international law. Such regulation reveals difficult to achieve, in light of the competition arising between the legal systems in relation to the redress of global mass damages and the failure of private international law methods and instruments to address complex disputes putting at stake large number of parties and having a strong regulatory dimension. Thus, the globalisation of group actions disputes raises complex questions of conflicts of jurisdictions, conflicts of laws, coordination of procedures and enforcement of decisions.This PhD dissertation aims at addressing all these complex questions. The suggested solutions take into account the intertwined interests underlying disputes arising out of international group actions and aim essentially to prevent the current intoxication of international mass litigation resulting from the occurrence of situations of under-regulation and overregulation.

This article explains the contentious process of harmfulness. Thus, the author mentions that the foundation of the process of harmfulness has been on our right the survival of the Administrative security of the legality and the public interest butlimiting the self-enforcement, the requirement of belief in authority to pursue the annulment of an administrative act and to ensure the due process of law is being administered. / El presente artículo explica el proceso contencioso de lesividad a partir de la naturaleza jurídica de éste .Así, el autor menciona que el fundamento del proceso de lesividad ha sido en nuestro derecho la pervivencia de la tutela administrativa de la legalidad y del interés público pero limitando la autotutela, la exigencia de convicción en la autoridad para perseguir la anulación de un acto y garantizar el debido proceso del administrado favorecido con el acto.