Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-29T15:01:55Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-30T14:38:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-30T14:38:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-13 / As hepáticas são plantas avasculares, criptogâmicas, com alternância de gerações heteromórficas em seu ciclo de vida e constituem uma linhagem monofilética, a divisão Marchantiophyta. Nessas plantas, o estabelecimento no ambiente ocorre através de reprodução assexuada ou sexuada, mas a produção e a germinação dos esporos permitem a colonização de novos ambientes e substratos. Possuem gametófitos folhosos ou talosos, achatados dorsiventralmente, rizóides unicelulares e esporófitos aclorofilados. As Frullaniaceae Lorch compreendem hepáticas folhosas, medianas a robustas, com características que podem ser interpretadas como adaptação ao epifitismo, como lóbulos sacados, seta curta e germinação endospórica. Estão representadas pelo gênero Frullania Raddi, com 38 espécies no Brasil. O presente trabalho teve por objetivos realizar o estudo palinológico das espécies de Frullaniaceae, através de estudos morfológicos e ultraestruturais dos esporos; analisar as estratégias ecológicas das espécies estudadas, relacionando-as à morfologia dos esporos e acompanhar os estágios germinativos e o desenvolvimento dos esporos de Frullania ericoides (Nees) Mont, sob diferentes concentrações do meio de cultura. Os resultados obtidos permitem observar que os esporos das espécies da família Frullaniaceae possuem tamanho do diâmetro maior variando de médio a grande (33,3 a 63,3 micrômetros). Foram observados dois tipos morfológicos distintos baseados na elaboração da ornamentação da superfície dos esporos. A espessura dos estratos do esporoderma permitiu separação das espécies em subgrupos, que não refletiram a classificação taxonômica atual. A germinação de F. ericoides foi endospórica, com divisão e proliferação celular, formando um protonema globoso, com ocorrência tardia da quebra da parede do esporo. Ao longo do período do estudo, os esporos submetidos aos tratamentos de concentração mais fraca apresentaram melhores resultados quanto ao desenvolvimento do protonema. Os filídios primordiais são fortemente côncavos, com margem inteira e parede celular fina. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram a importância taxonômica e o potencial das técnicas de culturas de tecidos para os estudos de germinação de esporos de briófitas. / Liverworts are nonvascular and cryptogamic plants, with heteromorphic alternation of generations in their life cycle, consisting on a monophyletic lineage, the division Marchantiophyta. In these plants, establishment occurs by asexual or sexual reproduction, but the production and germination of spores enables colonization of new habitats and substrates. Marchantiophyta differ from the others divisions by leafy or thallose gametophyte, dorsi-ventral orientation, unicellular rhizoids and non chlorophyllous sporophytes. Frullaniaceae Lorch include leafy liverworts, median to robust, highly branched, with features that can be interpreted as adaptation to epiphytism, such as saccate lobes, short seta and intracapsular germination. The family includes cosmopolitan species, but it’s more diverse in the tropics. There is one genus, Frullania Raddi, with 38 species in Brazil. This study aimed to perform palynological study of Frullaniaceae species through morphological and ultrastructural studies; and to evaluate the relationship of the features of the spores to ecological strategies of species, and to follow germination and sporeling development in Frullania ericoides (Nees) Mont., under different concentrations of culture media. The spores of Frullaniaceae species have larger diameter with size ranging from medium to large (33.3 to 63.3 micrometers). Two distinct morphological types, based on the spore surface ornamentation, were observed and are not related to the taxonomic organization of the family. The thickness of sporoderm strata allowed the separation of the species into two large groups, which also did not confirm the taxonomic classification. The germination was endosporic, showing cell division and proliferation, forming a globose protonema, without spore wall break. Throughout the period of study, the spores undergo the lowest concentration treatments showed better results of development. Primordial leaves are highly concave, with entire margins and a thick cell wall. The results of this study demonstrate the taxonomic importance and the potential of tissue culture techniques for bryophyte spore studies.

What drives species diversity across landscapes is one of the most fundamental questions in ecology. Further, understanding the mechanisms underlying species diversity patterns is important not only for forming and challenging ecological theories but also essential for appropriate landscape management and effective nature conservation. This thesis focuses on patterns of vascular plant, moss and liverwort species richness and composition in relation to water flow in boreal-forest catchments, focusing mostly on riparian zones (RZs), that is terrestrial areas bordering streams and rivers. I addressed some of the most essential questions related to the ecology of riparian vegetation including the role of stream network position, groundwater (GW) flow paths, substrate availability, upland perturbations, and stream restoration. I also investigated how riparian soil processes and habitat properties relate to these factors in order to provide a holistic understanding of riparian dynamics. The results showed that the species richness and composition of riparian vascular plants, mosses and liverworts are strongly influenced by position along the stream network, GW discharge, presence of variable substrates in RZs, and by stream restoration. Generally, more species were found downstream in the network, at sites with inputs of upland GW, sites with high diversity of substrates (e.g., open mineral soil, rocks, stones, wood and bark), and along streams restored after channelization. This thesis also describes how riparian habitat properties responded to position in the landscape and human impacts, thus providing mechanistic links between plant species diversity and riparian processes across spatial scales. These ecological insights are further implemented into numerous recommendations for freshwater and upland management in boreal Sweden. Given that streams and rivers connect landscape elements both longitudinally and laterally I argue that management plans should be designed for entire catchments instead of individual river segments. Ignoring the connectivity of streams as well as the high connectivity of riparian areas to uplands via GW flows may result in failure of restoration, mitigation and/or protection actions. Further, during forestry operations more emphasis should be placed on GW discharge areas along streams and rivers, because they represent important ecological and biogeochemical hotspots in the landscape. The riparian buffers left along streams in boreal catchments affected by forestry are presently insufficiently wide and often uniform in width. This threatens the assemblages of species in GW discharge hotspots and the ecosystem services they provide. Overall, this thesis describes a holistic picture of riparian diversity patterns and riparian processes in boreal landscapes, acknowledges and elaborates on current ecological theories, presenting new patterns in biodiversity, and offers management guidelines.

L’étude phytochimique des hépatiques de la Nouvelle-Calédonie a été réalisée sur 34 espèces d’hépatique (dont 14 endémiques) appartenant à six familles (Plagiochilaceae, Lophocoleaceae, Lepidoziaceae, Porellaceae, Lejeuneaceae et Frullaniaceae). La composition chimique, notamment en constituants volatils principalement sesquiterpéniques, de ces espèces a pu être établie pour la première fois pour la majorité des espèces étudiées, et il s’agit de la première étude phytochimique réalisée sur les genres Chiastocaulon et Acromastigum. Environ 260 constituants ont pu être déterminés pour ces espèces ci-étudiées, ils appartiennent en majorité à la famille des terpénoïdes, et à d’autres familles de métabolites secondaires d’intérêt tels que les composés aromatiques. Quatre nouveaux produits naturels ont pu être isolés et caractérisés.L’activité antibactérienne d’extraits d’espèces issues de trois familles (Plagiochilaceae, Lepidoziaceae, Lejeunaceae) a été montrée sur deux souches bactériennes (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis). Les extraits à l’éther les plus actifs sont ceux de Bazzania parisii (actif sur S. epidermidis avec une CI50 de 19,3±0,8 μg/ml) et de Bazzania subintegra (actif sur S. aureus avec une CI50 de 16,3±1,1 μg/ml). Les extraits méthanoliques les plus actifs sont ceux : de Bazzania serrifolia (actif sur S. aureus avec une CI50 de 17,7±1,9 μg / ml), de Chiastocaulon caledonicum (actif sur S. aureus avec une CI50 de 6,7±1 μg/ml), de Bazzania sp. AD212 (actif sur S. epidermis avec une CI50 de 14,1±1 μg/ml) et de Bazzania francana (actif sur S. epidermis avec une CI50 de 17,0±1,6 μg/ml). / Phytochemical survey of 34 New-Caledonian liverwort species (including 14 endemic species) belonging to six families (Plagiochilaceae, Lophocoleaceae, Lepidoziaceae, Porellaceae, Lejeuneaceae, and Frullaniaceae) had been performed. Chemical composition of these species, mostly of volatile constituents, had been established for the first time for most of them and phytochemical study of species from Chiastocaulon of Acromastigum genus had been performed for the first time. Nearly 260 compounds were reported as identified constituents of these plants extracts, most of them being terpene. Four new natural products had been characterized.Antibacterial activity of liverworts extracts from three Hepaticeae families (Plagiochilaceae, Lepidoziaceae, and Lejeuneaceae) had been shown on two strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis). The most active ether extracts were found to be those from Bazzania parisii (active on S. epidermidis having an IC50 of 19.3±0.8 μg/ml) and from Bazzania subintegra (active on S. aureus having an IC50 of 16.3±1.1 μg/ml). The most active methanolic extracts were found to be respectively from : Bazzania serrifolia (active on S. aureus having an IC50 of 17.7±1.9 μg / ml), Chiastocaulon caledonicum (active on S. aureus having an IC50 of 6,7±1 μg/ml), Bazzania sp. AD212 (active on S. epidermis having an IC50 of 14.1±1 μg/ml) and Bazzania francana (active on S. epidermis having an IC50 of 17.0±1.6 μg/ml).

No description available.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-25T14:33:45Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-30T14:34:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-30T14:34:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A Floresta Atlântica é considerada um hotspot de biodiversidade mundial por apresentar altas taxas de endemismos, grande riqueza e abundância de espécies vegetais, incluindo de briófitas (antóceros, hepáticas, musgos). A Floresta Atlântica apresenta heterogeneidade de paisagens incluindo diferentes fitofisionomias. No Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, a heterogeneidade da Floresta Atlântica se revela em um complexo mosaico de fitofisionomias florestais, arbustivas, campestres e savânicas, que são contínuas umas as outras formando regiões de borda. As bordas podem ser naturais, constituídas pela dinâmica natural de formação do ambiente ou formadas pelo homen que causa impacto ao estabelecer suas atividades. As bordas apresentam modificações na riqueza florística, abundância, densidade e diversidade, processo conhecido como efeito de borda. As hepáticas (Marchantiophyta) são importantes na composição e riqueza da Floresta Atlântica e em estudos sobre a influência da borda por serem organismos bioindicadores. Estudos sobre efeito de borda na composição de especies na Floresta Atlântica Mineira são importantes para a sua conservação. Deste modo, o trabalho foi desenvolvido na área que compreende a Floresta Latifoliada Nebular Perenifólia Tropical Superomontana (Floresta Nebular) do Parque Estadual de Ibitipoca (Minas Gerais, Brasil), também conhecida como Mata Grande, com o objetivo de estudar as hepáticas (Marchantiophyta), através de coletas sistemáticas, identificação das espécies e avaliações ecológicas (agrupamento, One-way ANOSIM, riqueza, abundância, freqüência e tolerância à luz). As coletas foram realizadas nos anos de 2013 e 2014, distribuindo-se 20 parcelas de 5x5m2; a partir da borda em direção ao interior da Floresta Nebular. Os resultados indicam abundância de 1220 espécimes e riqueza de 90 espécies, distribuídas em 29 gêneros e nove famílias. Do total de espécies identificadas, nove são endêmicas do Brasil e oito representam novos registros para o estado de Minas Gerais. A família Lejeuneaceae é a mais rica e abundante. A análise de agrupamento mostra a formação de dois grupos distintos (borda e interior florestal) e a análise One-way ANOSIM atesta que tal diferença é significativa. A riqueza da borda foi de 64 espécies (22 exclusivas). Já no interior florestal, a riqueza foi de 68 espécies (26 exclusivas). A distribuição das classes de frequência, na região da borda apresentou predominância de espécies consideradas raras, seguidas das pouco frequentes, assíduas, muito freqüentes e frequentes. Enquanto as parcelas do interior florestal inverteram a classe pouco frequente por assídua. As espécies foram classificadas em especialistas de sol, de sombra e generalistas e quando comparadas, a distribuição do grupo ecológico de tolerância à luz não mostrou diferenças estatísticas significativas entre a borda e o interior florestal. Ressalta-se o tamanho da floresta estudada (64 ha) como importante para a conservação das briófitas, devido à sua elevada riqueza específica associada à ocorrência de táxons endêmicos para o Brasil. / The Atlantic Forest is considered a global biodiversity hotspot by presenting high rates of endemism, great richness and plant abundance, including bryophytes (hornworts, liverworts, mosses). Liverworts are important organisms in the composition and richness of Atlantic Forest and they belong to Marchantiophyta. The Atlantic Forest is composed by heterogeneous landscapes including different phytophysiognomies. In Parque Estadual de Ibitipoca such heterogeneity forms a complex mosaic of forest vegetation types, shrub, countryside and savannas, which are continuous to each other forming regions of edge. The edges can be natural created by the natural dynamics of environmental formation, and caused by mankind in order to establish their activities. The edges support community with different characteristics from continuing communities, showing changes in species richness, abundance, density and diversity, a process known as edge effect. The liverworts are bioindicators organisms and then they are important in studies on edge influence. Studies on edge effect on species composition in Minas Gerais Atlantic Forest are essential for their conservation. Therefore, this study was developed in Broadleaved Cloud Evergreen Upper Highlands Tropical Forest (Broadleaved Forest) from Parque Estadual de Ibitipoca (Minas Gerais, Brazil), also known as “Mata Grande”, and with a goal of studying the liverworts species (Marchantiophyta) through systematic collections, identification of species and ecological assessments (cluster analysis, One-way ANOSIM, richness, abundance, frequency and tolerance to light). Samples were collected in 2013 and 2014 distributing 20 plots of 5x5m2 each from the edge through the interior of Broadleaved Forest. The results indicate abundance 1220 specimens and richness of 90 species distributed in 29 genera and nine families. From the total species identified nine are endemic to Brazil and eight represent new records for Minas Gerais State. The Lejeuneaceae family is the most rich and abundant in the forest studied. The cluster analysis showed the formation of two distinct groups (edge and forest interior), and One-way ANOSIM analysis confirms that this difference is significant. The edge richness was 64 species (22 exclusive) and in the forest interior the richness was 68 species (26 exclusive). The frequency classes distribution in the edge area presented predominance of species considered rare, followed by infrequent, assiduous, very common and common. However, the forest interior plots reversed infrequent class by assiduous. The species were classified as generalist, sun specialist and/or shade specialist and when they were compared the difference were not statistically significative between the edge and forest interior. It is important to highligh this forest for bryophytes conservation because of its size (64 ha) and its high species richness associated with the occurrence of endemic taxa to Brazil.