Cette thèse étudie la valorisation des prêts en fonction du risque de crédit, du coût de liquidité et de l’option de prépaiement. Un prêt émis par une banque pour un de ses clients corporate est un accord financier qui est souvent plus flexible qu’un prêt au particulier. Ces options permettent ainsi de répondre aux attentes de leur client, par exemple avec l’option de prépaiement qui permet au client, s’il le souhaite, rembourser par anticipation une partie ou l’intégralité de son emprunt.Le prépaiement est la principale option et il fait l’objet d’une étude dans cette thèse. Afin de décider si l’exercice de l’option est profitable l’emprunteur compare les paiements restants avec le montant restant dû de son prêt. Si la somme des paiements restants est supérieure au montant nominal alors il est optimal pour l’emprunteur de refinancer sa dette à un taux d’intérêt inférieur. Pour une banque, l’option de prépaiement est essentiellement un risque de réinvestissement, ie. le risque qu’un emprunteur décide de prépayer et que la banque ne puisse pas réinvestir son excès de liquidité dans un nouveau prêt avec les mêmes caractéristiques.La résolution du problème de l’option de prépaiement peut être modélisée comme une option américaine sur la dette de l’emprunteur. Nous avons choisi dans cette thèse de valoriser le prix d’un prêt et de son option de prépaiement par une résolution d’un modèle EDP plutôt qu’un modèle d’arbres binomiaux (chronophage) ou que des techniques de Monte-Carlo (problème de convergence). / This PhD thesis investigates the pricing of a corporate loan according to the credit risk, the liquidity cost and the embedded prepayment option. A loan contract issued by a bank for its corporate clients is a financial agreement that often comes with more flexibility than a retail loan contract. These options are designed to meet clients’ expectations and can include e.g., a prepayment option (which entitles the client, if he desires so, to pay all or a fraction of its loan earlier than the maturity). The prepayment is the main option and it will be study in this thesis. In order to decide whether the exercise of the option is worthwhile the borrower compares the remaining payments with the outstanding amount of the loan. If the remaining payments exceed the nominal value then it is optimal for the borrower to refinance his debt at a lower rate. For a bank, the prepayment option is essentially a reinvestment risk, i.e. the risk that the borrower decides to repay earlier his/her loan and that the bank cannot reinvest his/her excess of cash in a new loan with same characteristics.The valuation problem of the prepayment option can be modelled as an embedded compound American option on a risky debt owned by the borrower. We choose in this thesis to price a loan and its prepayment option by resolving the associated PDE instead of binomial trees (time-consuming) or Monte Carlo techniques (slow to converge).

This PhD thesis investigates the pricing of a corporate loan according to the credit risk, the liquidity cost and the embedded prepayment option. A loan contract issued by a bank for its corporate clients is a financial agreement that often comes with more flexibility than a retail loan contract. These options are designed to meet clients' expectations and can include e.g., a prepayment option (which entitles the client, if he desires so, to pay all or a fraction of its loan earlier than the maturity). The prepayment is the main option and it will be study in this thesis. In order to decide whether the exercise of the option is worthwhile the borrower compares the remaining payments with the outstanding amount of the loan. If the remaining payments exceed the nominal value then it is optimal for the borrower to refinance his debt at a lower rate. For a bank, the prepayment option is essentially a reinvestment risk, i.e. the risk that the borrower decides to repay earlier his/her loan and that the bank cannot reinvest his/her excess of cash in a new loan with same characteristics.The valuation problem of the prepayment option can be modelled as an embedded compound American option on a risky debt owned by the borrower. We choose in this thesis to price a loan and its prepayment option by resolving the associated PDE instead of binomial trees (time-consuming) or Monte Carlo techniques (slow to converge).