Notre recherche porte, pour l’essentiel, sur les entreprises familiales de taille intermédiaire (E.T.I.), du territoire breton. Dans le cadre de la sociologie des Professions nous avons rencontré plusieurs dirigeants d’entreprises, comprenant entre 250 à 5 000 salariés. Nous avons observé, ainsi, ce qui permet à ce concept dit d’« entreprise », à l’instar des « Mittelstand » en Allemagne, de mieux comprendre les facteurs clés de succès, fondés, notamment, sur la priorité absolue donnée au capital humain, à l’innovation, et au développement à l’international, et ce, tout en conservant un très fort ancrage « territorial ». Ainsi, nous avons interrogé des dirigeants, sur le territoire de la Bretagne historique comme « laboratoire social », pour mieux cerner le profil sociologique du chef d’entreprise familial dans les secteurs suivants : agro-alimentaire, restauration, santé, immobilier, textile, chaussure et transport. A partir de problématiques socio-économiques mais aussi sociologiques touchant le monde du travail et de l’emploi, il s’agissait aussi, d’appréhender la compétition mondiale, en particulier, dans le champ du travail : notre thèse poursuit, en fait, l’objectif d’éclairer un certain nombre de métamorphoses en rappelant, comme l’ont déjà dit de nombreux sociologues du travail, de l’organisation et des professions, que « le chômage est la cause causante de l’exclusion sociale / Our research is devoted mainly to family-owned medium-sized enterprises (MSEs) in Brittany. Working from the perspective of the sociology of professions, we met several heads of companies with between 250 and 5,000 employees. In doing so, we observed how this so-called “enterprise” concept, similar to that of “Mittelstands” in Germany, offers a better understanding of the key factors of success, based notably on human capital, innovation, and international growth beingabsolute priorities, with the business also retaining strong local roots. We interviewed company heads in the historical territory of Brittany, taken as a “social laboratory”, to acquire a better grasp of the sociological profile of family business leaders working in the following sectors: the food industry; food services; health; real estate; textiles; footwear; and transport. Taking as a starting-point various social, economic, and sociological issues affecting the world of work and employment, we also sought to shed light on global competition, in particular in the field of labour: this thesis aims to provide insights into a certain number of transformations, bearing in mind the assertion by a great many occupational sociologists that “unemployment is the root cause of social exclusion”

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:01:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMRS.pdf: 2199402 bytes, checksum: 0f944134cb7a9e618c5f2eeabc82914c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-30 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / This work inserts in the debate of the sustainable local development, specifically about the formularization of the public politics of social habitation that generate changes of regional development and participation of agents in the production of public proposals. It considered the scales of performance of a public politic and the spheres that it participates. With the objective to identify the difficult of this process we were adopted a strategy of research an only case in a small city. In Itararé, located in the southwestern region of São Paulo state, with experience to formulate public politics of social habitation with regional development, there is a project "Social Habitation in Economic Wood as Alternative for Multiple Uses of the Forest". This case permits us understand the different performance by the social agents during the process to elaborate lines of direction of public politics. It was distinguishes differet citizens like analytic categories (representative of the administration, the organized society, private initiative, researchers and others like owner of carpenters or sawmills) and the way like them participation in this process. The revision of literature, the systematization of data, the direct comment and interviews, evidenced the difficult of a small city to elaborate its proper public politics. Such limits are associates the diverse factors related to the agents who compose the project: public administration, local population, private initiative, universities and other partners. From the analysis of the participation of these actors in Itararé s experience, we give an important conclusion: it did not have the sufficient interaction between the public administratio, the productive sector, the organized population and the assessorship technique, so that the project in this city was consolidated. / Este trabalho se insere no debate do desenvolvimento local sustentável, especificamente na formulação de políticas públicas de habitação social que gerem oportunidades de desenvolvimento regional e participação de agentes na produção de propostas públicas. Considerou-se neste debate as escalas de atuação de uma política pública e as esferas que dela participam. Com o objetivo de identificar os limites no processo de formulação de propostas de diretrizes para políticas públicas de habitação social com desenvolvimento local, adotou-se a estratégia do estudo de caso único exploratório do município de Itararé, localizado na região sudoeste do estado de São Paulo, a partir da experiência de formulação de políticas públicas de habitação social com desenvolvimento regional pelo Projeto Habitação Social em Madeira como Alternativa Econômica para Usos Múltiplos da Floresta . O estudo desse caso visa compreender o fenômeno da atuação de diferentes agentes naquela região durante o processo de elaboração de diretrizes de políticas públicas. A unidade analisada refere-se à experiência de elaboração de propostas de políticas públicas no município de Itararé, onde se distinguem como categorias de análise sujeitos (representantes da administração, representantes da sociedade organizada, iniciativa privada, pesquisadores e outros representantes de marcenarias e serrarias do município) que participaram do processo de formulação de programas de políticas públicas no município.Com a utilização da revisão da literatura, da sistematização de dados, da observação direta e de entrevistas, constatou-se que existem limites que dificultam ao pequeno município elaborar suas próprias políticas públicas. Tais limites estão associados a diversos fatores relacionados aos agentes que compõem o projeto: poder público, população local, iniciativa privada, universidade e outros parceiros. A partir da análise da participação destes atores na experiência conduzida em Itararé, concluiu-se que não houve a interação necessária entre a administração municipal, o setor produtivo da cadeia da madeira, a população organizada e a assessoria técnica, para que fosse consolidado o Projeto no município.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Em vÃrias partes do territÃrio nacional pode-se perceber a preocupaÃÃo com a questÃo da insuficiÃncia de recursos hÃdricos, que se tornam mais escassos à medida que a populaÃÃo, a indÃstria e a agricultura se ampliam. No semi-Ãrido brasileiro, a questÃo à ainda mais delicada, pois hà a importante interferÃncia de fatores climÃticos, como ocorrÃncia de secas e irregular distribuiÃÃo de chuvas, que comprometem a disponibilidade de Ãgua. A utilizaÃÃo da irrigaÃÃo torna-se essencial para que os indivÃduos possam exercer atividades agrÃcolas em regiÃes como esta, embora seja a atividade que mais desperdice Ãgua. à necessÃrio que se utilizem mÃtodos de irrigaÃÃo que permitam o maior aproveitamento desse precioso lÃquido. Com o objetivo de possibilitar ao agricultor meios para produzir, de promover a melhoria de vida do produtor rural e de gerar desenvolvimento local e regional, surgem os programas de irrigaÃÃo implantados pelo Governo atravÃs do Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas (DNOCS), como o projeto do PerÃmetro Irrigado Baixo AcaraÃ. No entanto, o desempenho destes projetos precisa ser avaliado, jà que se constituem num custo de oportunidade muito grande para a sociedade. Desta forma, conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de analisar a (auto) sustentabilidade do PerÃmetro Irrigado Baixo AcaraÃ, avaliando questÃes econÃmico-financeiras, as dimensÃes social, ambiental, econÃmica e institucional, por meio de um conjunto de Ãndices de sustentabilidade capazes de possibilitar o entendimento da realidade da regiÃo, alÃm de observar as caracterÃsticas dos irrigantes deste perÃmetro e sua integraÃÃo rumo ao desenvolvimento sustentÃvel. O procedimento metodolÃgico adotado iniciou-se com a coleta dos dados primÃrios, que foram tratados e organizados. A seguir, foram construÃdos o Ãndice de sustentabilidade e os Ãndices individuais de sustentabilidade para as dimensÃes social, ambiental, econÃmica e institucional. Os Ãndices resultantes deste estudo sÃo apresentados e os resultados indicam que a sustentabilidade no PerÃmetro Irrigado Baixo Acaraà pode ser questionada, uma vez que o Ãndice de sustentabilidade apresenta grau mÃdio e os Ãndices individuais para as dimensÃes apresentam Ãndices de sustentabilidade de grau mÃdio ou ruim, o que sinaliza que esta atividade ainda nÃo se traduziu em melhores condiÃÃes vida e desenvolvimento para a populaÃÃo local. / All across the national territory a preoccupation with the insufficiency of the hydric resources can be noticed, such resources become scarcer as the population, industry and agriculture grows. This issue is even more complicated in the Brazilian semi arid, because there is the interference of the climate factors, such as droughts and irregular rain distribution that compromise the water availability. The use of irrigation becomes essential for the individuals to perform agricultural activities in such regions, although those activities are the ones that waste water the most. Irrigation methods that allow the greatest use of this precious liquid should be adopted. With the objective of giving the cropper ways to produce and a life improvement and to generate both local and regional development, arise irrigation programs implanted by the Government through the National Department of Works Against the Drought (DNOCS), such as the Baixo Acaraà Irrigation Perimeter project. However, the execution of those projects need to be evaluated they are a large opportunity cost for society. This current research will analyse the (auto) sustainability of the Baixo Acaraà Irrigation Perimeter, evaluating economical and financial matters, social, environmental, economical and institutional dimensions through a group of sustainability indexes capable of providing an understanding of the reality of the region, in addition to observing the characteristics of this perimeterâs irrigators and their integration towards sustainable development. The methodological procedure adopted started with the gathering of the primary data, which were treated and organized. Hereinafter, were built the levels of sustainability and the individual sustainability indexes for the social, environmental, economical and institutional dimensions. The resulting indexes from this studies are presented and the results indicate that the sustainability in the Baixo Acaraà Irrigation Perimeter can be questioned, once the sustainability index shows a medium or poor degree, which indicates that this activities has not translated itself into better life conditions and development to the local population yet.

Les représentations identitaires du Semi-aride brésilien ont été pendant longtemps incarnées dans des images de pauvreté, sécheresses et sous-développement. En dépassant ces stéréotypes, les politiques publiques actuelles appliquent une nouvelle approche du développement régional en l’articulant davantage au développement local afin de réduire les inégalités sociales et spatiales. Les politiques d’appui aux Arrangements Productifs Locaux-APL font partie de cette stratégie, visant à augmenter la compétitivité des territoires en y stimulant l’organisation productive, l’innovation, le renforcement du capital social, et tout ce qui contribue à redynamiser l’identité régionale. De leur coté, les acteurs sociaux organisés revendiquent le droit de participer à l’instauration d’un modèle de développement propre à la région tout en insistant sur l’adoption de mesures fondées sur la notion de développement durable traduite par l’expression « Vivre avec le Semi-aride ». Une telle posture a comme base le renforcement de la production familiale, l’éducation adaptée à la réalité locale, l’organisation communautaire et les solutions hydrauliques décentralisées de faible gabarit. Parallèlement, le grand projet d’’intégration du São Francisco avec les bassins hydrographiques du Nordeste septentrional, si cher au président Lula, ouvre le débat sur l’usage efficace et durable des eaux du fleuve pour l’irrigation pérenne des zones semi-arides. Au sein des enjeux de ce processus de [re]construction identitaire, la vitiviniculture – héritière de la fruiticulture irriguée dans la Vallée du São Francisco - est prise comme un exemple symbolique d’un APL soutenu par les gouvernements fédéral et de l’Etat du Pernambouc. Cet APL exprime la dialectique entre modernité et tradition, global et local, puisque la production d’un vin tropical contribue à infléchir les identités avec des images de progrès et d’innovation, mais cela implique également des risques de valorisation différenciée des territoires. C’est pourquoi une telle métamorphose, en même temps qu’elle apporte du nouveau, a aussi tendance à relancer l’habituel comportement d’enrichissement individuel conduisant à la concentration des terres et de l’eau aux dépens des productions villageoise et familiale qui sont au coeur des identités collectives sertanejas. / The Semi-Arid Region of Brazilian Northeast have been constantly associated to the image of poverty, periodical dries, and undervelopment. Avoiding this label, public policies of today are carrying out a new approach articulating regional and local development in order to reduce social and regional inequalities. The Arranjos Produtivos Locais [Local Productive Agreements] APL Program is part of this strategy, attempting to make local enconomies and territories more dynamic and competitive, through the encouragement of productive organization, inovation and strenghtening of social capital. The social actors claim the right to participate in the implementation of a model of development tailored to the region and based on the notion of sustainable development, which can be found in the expression “Livelihood in the Semi-Arid”. Such position is based in the strenghtening of familiar production, an education adapted to the local conditions, community organization and tailored and decentralized hydraulic solutions. Concurrently, the great project of integrating the São Francisco River Basin with the northern basins, so desired by the Lula Government, ignites the debate over the efficient and sustainable use of water for the irrigation of semi-arid zones. The wine industry, an outgrow of the irrigated fruit production of the São Francisco Valley, presents itself as a excellent example of an APL, supported by the Federal and Pernambuco State Government. This APL express the relationship between modernisty and tradition, global and local since the production of a tropical wine help to transform local identities through the image of progress and innovation, which also involve the risk of different valorization of the territories. For this reason, this transformation, at the same time that innovates, reinforces the common habit of individual enrichment, leading to the concentration of land and water in a few hands, which, at the end, acts against the valorization of local and familiar production.

This master's thesis deals with Local Action Groups (LAGs), based on the EU approach LEADER for local development, in the Czech Republic during the programming period 2014- 2020. It focuses on the ability of LAGs to acquire and pass on knowledge and to learn, as well as on their networks. Within this work, the character of acquired knowledge, means of transfer of the knowledge and forms of learning are examined. Furthermore, research focuses on LEADER networks and their internal relations as well as level of communication and trust, in order to determine the efficiency of these networks. Lastly, the institutional thickness of the environment of Czech LAGs is examined that constitutes of non-scientific institutions and technological infrastructure. Cooperation with these two types of institutions leads to creation and implementation of innovations and more effective development of the territory. The theoretical grounding and criteria of this work are based on the Theory of Learning Regions. To obtain the data, a mixed research method was used. A combination of quantitative and qualitative research was carried out in the form of a questionnaire survey, semi-structured interviews and analysis of primary documents.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:50:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WAGNO PEREIRA DA COSTA.pdf: 1276740 bytes, checksum: 9d49ad0fba41e23757adf12aff3ccb8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-13 / We investigated the strategy of the Local Productive Arrangement - APL as an instrument of development policy of the State of Goiás. In economic theory, the question of location was seen primarily for aspects of transportation costs and access to inputs and services. Thus, the industrial policy followed the same principles. Studies on the competitiveness of the companies were focused mainly on technological issues, demand, scale, financial, and sectoral policies. With a systems view of industrial policy, arises an alternative public policy the Local Productive Arrangements and others called the Local Systems of Innovation, or local production systems, or clusters among others. These alternatives have in common that the local aspect aimed at development and competitiveness of companies organized in a particular territory. Based on the study of the importance of local planning, the industrial clusters, through international experiences, highlighting the French Industrial Systems Located, and also experience of national sustainable regional development - DTS and APL, the dissertation examines what have been the possibilities, limitations and results of the strategy of APL as an instrument of policy to structure and consolidate the development of the State of Goiás. To get these results were used and descriptive literature searches carried out with the governmental and nongovernmental institutions that develop actions to support clusters in the state. The approach combined quantitative and qualitative aspects to the analysis. Data analysis was done through descriptive research, which provided support for the compilation of data from interviews and other income statements. / Investigou-se a estratégia do Arranjo Produtivo Local - APL enquanto instrumento de política para o desenvolvimento do Estado de Goiás. Na teoria econômica, a questão da localização era vista principalmente pelos aspectos de custos do transporte e de acesso a insumos e serviços. Dessa forma, a política industrial seguia os mesmos princípios. Os estudos sobre a competitividade das empresas eram focados principalmente em questões tecnológicas, de demanda, de escala, financeira, além de políticas setoriais. Com uma visão mais sistêmica da política industrial, surgem como alternativa de política pública os Arranjos Produtivos Locais e por outros chamados de Sistemas Locais de Inovações, ou Sistemas Produtivos Locais, ou Clusters entre outros, que têm em comum o aspecto local que visam o desenvolvimento e a competitividade das empresas organizadas num determinado território. Com base no estudo da importância do local, do território, das aglomerações industriais, passando por experiências internacionais, destacando os Sistemas Industriais Localizados franceses, e ainda, experiência nacionais de Desenvolvimento Territorial Sustentável - DTS e APL, essa dissertação analisa quais têm sido as possibilidades, limites e resultados da estratégia de APL, como instrumento de política para estruturar e consolidar o desenvolvimento do Estado de Goiás. Para chegar nesses resultados foram utilizadas pesquisas bibliográficas e descritivas realizadas junto às instituições governamentais e não governamentais que desenvolvem ações de apoio a APLs no estado. A abordagem combinou aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos para a análise. A análise dos dados se deu por intermédio da pesquisa descritiva, a qual serviu de apoio para a tabulação dos dados das entrevistas e de outros demonstrativos de resultados.