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This thesis seeks a reappraisal of Martin Luther’s complex understanding of theology’s place in the social and political reformation of sixteenth century Germany. Here I seek to reintroduce an element of that theology that has been largely absent from mainstream scholarship: music. Building on Robin Leaver’s influential 2007 work, Luther’s Liturgical music, wherein he argues that Luther’s liturgical song-writing ought to be understood theologically, I will demonstrate how the reformer sought to use a musically expressed theology to build a foundation of faith among the German laity- a prerequisite, he believed, to a successful reformation of Christian religion and society. I will place the genesis of this idea both in Luther’s participation in the Indulgence Controversy, and in the failed ‘Leisnig Experiment’, in which he promoted the adoption of a congregationalist model of spiritual self-regulation. Luther’s answer to the failures of Leisnig was an educational program centered on teaching a theology of the Psalms through music. In his teachings, we will see that Luther saw theology as not only a path to salvation, but as a practical remedy to broader social problems arising from greed and false teaching. This discussion will conclude with an explanation of why this educational program of teaching theology through music did not feature prominently in Lutheran pedagogy once the process of confessionalization was begun in the late 1520’s. / Graduate

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Marburg, 1905. / "Thesen" inserted at end. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

August Hermann Francke (1663-1727), the disciple of Philipp Jakob Spener and famous Halle Pietist, embraced a comprehensive worldview that combined theology, politics, and social life. The work of his Stiftungen (Foundations), which he established in Glaucha near Halle/Saale, permeated all levels of society with Pietist ideas--from wealthy nobility to poor orphans. With pastors trained by him venturing to England and the American colonies, the work of Francke's ministry would come to have a transatlantic influence. This study focuses on Francke's theology of the sacraments and his attempts to articulate his form of Pietism through the rituals of baptism and the Lord's Supper. These two sacraments played a central role in the religious activity of the Lutheran church, and we suggest that Francke's own sermons and writings on baptism and the Eucharist provide a rich source for understanding how his form of churchly Pietism informed and deviated from traditional Lutheran teachings. Thus this dissertation addresses two important areas of Pietism studies: 1) it provides a source-based introduction to Francke's theology of the sacraments and 2) it examines the ways in which Francke conflicted with Lutheran Orthodoxy. After a historical contextualization of Francke's rise to the status of a dangerous theologian in the eyes of the leaders of Lutheran Orthodoxy, this study considers how Francke addressed what he believed to be the important features of the sacraments. We evaluate the themes of the Taufbund (baptismal covenant) and worthiness at the Supper that consistently appear in his discussions of the sacraments. Furthermore we examine the influence such figures as Johann Arndt, Theophil Großgebauer, Lewis Bayly, and Miguel de Molinos had on Francke's thought. We argue that these religious figures, among others, played an important role in the appearance of Reformed and mystical ideas in the Glaucha pastor's theology. We consider the way he approached sacramental oaths, rebirth, exorcism, confession, and the Christian life in relation to baptism and the Eucharist. Therefore, this study provides a detailed look at the shape and content of August Hermann Francke's Pietist theology.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 271-298). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1923. / Church union in Canada: its history, motives, doctrine and government. "The dissertation comprises chapters I-IV of this volume." Includes bibliographical references (p. 398-402) and index.

The purpose of this essay is to analyse how the Church of Sweden's understanding of the diaconal mission, as it emerges from the national level, relates to Lutheran identity, and critically and constructively examine the relationship using queer theological tools. The essay uses a theologically-historically conscious content-oriented ideational analysis to answer the research questions. The theoretical and methodological approach also contains comparative and queer elements.  The Church of Sweden's national documents about diaconia describes the role of the deacon as caritative, with a special focus on marginalized people. They state that all Christians are called to serve one another. Most of the Church of Sweden's understanding of diaconia is compatible with Lutheran identity, but the two contradict each other in some instances. The essay finds a stronger connection between the Church of Sweden's diaconia and the law than the gospel. The doctrine of the two regiments can be interpreted as if the church has a responsibility to protest worldly rulers if needed. The national documents support this stance.  By using queer theological tools, the essay discusses some of the power structures and discourses that become apparent in the study field. The analysis shows that the diaconate can be understood as an expression of a performative femininity. It also points out that the Church of Sweden's documents implicitly contradicts itself when discussing vulnerability. The essay states that the Church of Sweden is lacking in self-reflection about its own and society´s power structures. Because of this, the Church of Sweden overlooks important dimensions of the diaconal mission. Lutheran identity is useful in the examination of hidden power structures and the understanding of the Church of Sweden's role in society, not least because of its reforming character.

The purpose of this essay is to distinguish different perceptions about reason in lutheran Sweden during the 18th century enlightenment. By analyzing the discourse in the newly established scientific academy in Stockholm, I examine how the scientist valued reason and its relation to faith and science. Further I examine during which sociopolitical and theological contexts these perceptions formed and if the discourse can be explained by Lutheranism and a religious enlightenment. The study found a generally positive attitude towards reason as it was perceived as a gift from God and an important trait inherent only to humans. Reason had its limits however but these were not expressed as negatively as Luther warned during the 16th century. While Luther expressed great skepticism towards reason, especially in the realm of theology, the scientist had a more positive attitude. With previous research, this study finds that this shift in attitude, together with utilism, could be contributed to a religious enlightenment, in which a more orthodox church embrace enlightenment ideals – such as reason – to defend their faith and find a more solid ground during pressed times when criticism against religion grew and Pietism took hold.

O tema desta pesquisa abrange a penetração e a repressão inquisitorial portuguesa à chamada heresia luterana. Antes de qualquer comentário, é necessário dizer que o termo luterano, na Época Moderna, era utilizado pelos inquisidores como termo genérico para identificar os estrangeiros protestantes. É um tema inédito e original, no âmbito das pesquisas históricas especializadas em Inquisição, com o foco direcionado para os processos inquisitoriais do Santo Ofício Lisboeta contra réus em terra brasílica. Trata-se de uma investigação a respeito da introdução e da difusão do luteranismo no Brasil colonial entre os séculos XVI e XVII. Processos da Inquisição portuguesa são as fontes primárias de maior relevância nesta tese. Além de que, há documentos administrativos e jurídicos que aprimoram a exploração da temática. O luteranismo no Brasil Colonial apresentou várias facetas: desde um luteranismo das naus, quando os portugueses expandiam-se para o além-mar e eram tomados por luteranos ingleses e franceses ao luteranismo da terra firme com seus conflitos e guerras coloniais, contando, também, com aquele tipo de luteranismo por adesão voluntária. O crime perseguido e processado pelo Tribunal da Inquisição Portuguesa no Brasil foi um luteranismo articulado com as profundas mudanças sociais, políticas e culturais da Europa Moderna e com as singularidades da sociedade colonial. / The issue of this research covers Portuguese penetration and inquisitional repression to the so-called Lutheran heresy. Before any comment, it is necessary to say the term Lutheran at the Modern age was used by inquisitors as a generic term to identify protestant foreigners. It is an unpublished and original issue among historical researches specialized in Inquisition, focusing the inquisitional processes of the Lisboeta Saint Services against defendants in Brazilian lands. It deals of an investigation concerning introduction and diffusion of Lutheranism in Colonial Brazil between the 16th and 17th centuries. Processes of the Portuguese Inquisition are the most prominent primary sources in this Dissertation. Besides, there are administrative and juridical documents which improve the issue exploitation. Lutheranism in Colonial Brazil presented many faces: since the ships Lutheranism, when Portuguese expanded off shore and were taken by French and English Lutherans to the land Lutheranism with its conflicts and colonial wars. Also presenting that Lutheranism for free adhesion. The pursued and sued crime by the Portuguese Inquisition Trial in Brazil was a Lutheranism articulated with deep social, political and cultural changes in Modern Europe and with the singularities of colonial society.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A mobilidade religiosa é um fenômeno recente e se configura num dos principais fatores que modificam o campo religioso brasileiro, o qual pode ser caracterizado por um quadro de diversificação e pluralismo religioso. Na modernidade, as modificações no campo produzem novas configurações da religião, do crer e do pertencimento. As igrejas tradicionais são alcançadas por essas movimentações, especialmente, no âmbito urbano. Nesse sentido, esta tese versa sobre a adesão à Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil (IECLB) em comunidades urbanas, através de uma pesquisa empírico-qualitativa que aborda os percursos religiosos e modalidades de pertencimento e adesão em três comunidades, as quais serviram como estudo de caso. Além dos percursos religiosos, buscamos decifrar as motivações, os níveis de participação e integração, a relação exclusiva ou dúplice com a comunidade religiosa escolhida. Problematizamos o fenômeno da migração religiosa através de conceitos como conversão, passagem ou adesão, num campo religioso em que a adesão por atribuição perde espaço para a adesão adquirida. O levantamento de dados aponta para uma mobilidade religiosa que proporciona diferentes modalidades de agregação e pertencimento compreendidas pela nova identidade religiosa, evidenciando adesões pela família (Sapucaia do Sul/RS), individuais (São Luís/MA), ou momentâneas, parciais e móveis (Rio de Janeiro/RJ). Identificamos que a migração e adesão religiosa, nessas comunidades, através da família ou da escolha pessoal, revelam que o elemento transmissor da religião não mais ocorre através dos laços simbólicos, como a tradição e a etnicidade, o que evidencia uma Igreja que, paulatinamente, vai se modificando, no contexto brasileiro, substituindo esses elementos tradicionais de adesão, pelo teológico e confessional, como proposta eclesial aberta e universal. Nesse sentido, com base nos estudos de caso, elencamos desafios e oportunidades para comunidades urbanas da IECLB, que ao receber pessoas com percursos religiosos dinâmicos e acentuados, torna-se um lugar religioso escolhido para a vivência da fé. / Religious mobility is a recent phenomenon and has become one of the main factors which modify the Brazilian religious field, which can be characterized by a scenario of religious diversification and pluralism. In modernity, the modifications in the field produce new configurations of religion, of believing and of belonging. The traditional churches are reached by these movements, especially in the urban areas. In this sense, this theses deals with the adhesion to the Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil (IECLB) [Evangelical Church of Lutheran Confession in Brazil] in urban congregations, through an empirical-qualitative research which addresses the religious journeys and modalities of belonging and joining in three congregations which served as a case study. Besides the religious journeys, we sought to decipher the motivations, the levels of participation and integration, the exclusive or twofold relation with the chosen religious community. We problematized the phenomenon of religious migration through concepts such as conversion, passage or joining, in a religious field in which adhesion by attribution loses space to acquired adhesion. The survey of data points to religious mobility which propitiates different modalities of aggregation and belonging comprehended by the new religious identity, revealing adhesions by family (Sapucaia do Sul/RS), by individuals (São Luís/MA), or momentary, partial and mobile (Rio de Janeiro/RJ). We identified that the religious migration and adhesion, in these congregations, through family or personal choice, reveal that the transmitter element of religion no longer occurs through symbolic ties, such as tradition and ethnicity, which reveals a church which, slowly, is changing, in the Brazilian context, substituting these traditional elements of adhesion with theological and confessional ones, for an open and universal ecclesial proposal. In this sense, based on the case studies, we list challenges and opportunities for urban congregations of the IECLB, which, upon receiving persons with dynamic and accentuated religious journeys, becomes a chosen religious space for living out the faith.