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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Tombs and territories : the epigraphic culture of Lycia, c.450-197 BC

Rix, Emma May January 2015 (has links)
In this thesis, I look at the use of inscriptions on stone in the Lycian peninsula during the fourth and third centuries BC, considering the effect of internal and external events on the production of inscriptions in the area, and looking at aspects of continuity and change across the two centuries. In Chapter 1, I discuss the development of the Lycian alphabet, arguing that origins of the alphabet are far more complex than has usually been believed, and involved elements of both organic development and conscious devising of letters forms. Building on the work of earlier scholars, I consider the alteration of certain letters-forms over time, and use these - and other available indications of date - to allocated number of inscriptions from different sites to 'early' or 'later' periods; the results of this work are presented in the 'harts' at the back of my thesis. In the subsequent chapters, I build on my conclusions from the first chapter to discuss certain aspects of the epigraphy of Lycia in a broadly chronological fashion, first setting out the what we know about the historical background of each period under discussion, and then considering inscriptions of particular interest. In Chapter 2, dealing with the late-fifth and early-fourth century, I look at the earliest of the Lycian epitaphs, as well as the uniquely long inscriptions of the rulers of Xanthos. I consider the development and structure of the 'building formula' which is so common in Lycian inscriptions, and how this relates to other Anatolian epigraphy. Chapter 3 looks at the effect of the internal strife in early-third century Lycia, and particularly the figure of Perikle, on the epigraphic culture of Lycia, with particular discussion of the ẽnẽ ... Xñtawata 'ruler formula', while Chapter 4 discusses the changes brought about by Hekatomnid rule over Lycia, and the beginnings of the use of Greek in private epigraphy. Finally, Chapter 5 looks at the beginning of the Ptolemaic period, arguing that Lycian continued to be used in both official and private inscriptions, and discussing the ways in which official epigraphy became more similar to that of other Greek poleis - while retaining specifically Lycian features.
2

Contact linguistique et emprunts onomastiques entre grec et lycien : apports à la phonétique et à la morphologie / Language Contact and Borrowed Names between Greek and Lycian : a Contribution to Phonetics and Morphology

Réveilhac, Florian 23 November 2018 (has links)
La Lycie antique, aire de polyglossie située sur la côte sud-occidentale de l’Asie Mineure, fut un lieu de contact entre le lycien et le grec. La langue lycienne, qui appartient au groupe anatolien des langues indo-européennes, est attestée dans deux cents inscriptions environ et sur des monnaies datant du Ve et du IVe siècle avant J.-C. À partir du IIIe siècle, en effet, le grec s’est imposé dans la région, à l’écrit du moins, au détriment de la langue locale. L’onomastique indigène a cependant persisté en Lycie jusqu’aux premiers siècles de notre ère, comme en témoigne le nombre important d’anthroponymes lyciens que l’on trouve dans les inscriptions grecques des époques hellénistique et romaine. Cette thèse étudie donc le contact entre le lycien et le grec à partir des emprunts onomastiques réciproques, avec quatre objectifs principaux. Le premier est de collecter tous les anthroponymes indigènes de Lycie dans les sources lyciennes et grecques, afin d’en offrir un répertoire complet. Nous offrons ensuite une description phonologique et phonétique du lycien à partir des équivalences onomastiques identifiées, en traitant également de problèmes spécifiques comme celui des consonnes géminées. Il s’agit, troisièmement, d’examiner les différentes formations à l’œuvre dans l’anthroponymie lycienne — noms à un radical, à deux radicaux, raccourcis de composés, Satznamen ou encore noms inanalysables — et les lexèmes employés. Nous étudions, enfin, les processus morphologiques de l’emprunt de noms étrangers en lycien, mais aussi et surtout en grec, où plusieurs suffixes sont utilisés. / Ancient Lycia, a polyglossian area located on the south-western coast of Asia Minor, was a place of contact, especially between Lycian and Greek. The Lycian language, which belongs to the Anatolian group of Indo-European languages, is documented in about two hundred inscriptions and on coins dating from the 5th and 4th centuries B.C. From the 3rd century onwards, Greek became predominant in the region, at least in writing, to the detriment of the local language. However, indigenous names persisted in Lycia until the first centuries A.D., as evidenced by the large number of Lycian personal names found in Greek inscriptions from the Hellenistic and Roman periods. This dissertation therefore studies the contact between Lycian and Greek, drawing on reciprocal name borrowings, with four main objectives. The first one is to collect all the Lycian names from sources in Lycian and in Greek, in order to give a complete repertoire. We then offer a phonological and phonetic description of Lycian, based on the identified name equivalences, while also addressing specific problems such as that of geminated consonants. The third objective is to examine the different formations used in Lycian personal names — one stem names, two stem names, shortened compounds, Satznamen, or unanalysable names — and the lexemes used. Lastly, we study the morphological processes of the borrowing of foreign names in Lycian, but most of all in Greek, where several suffixes are used.
3

Structural and metamorphic evolution of the Lycian Nappes and the Menderes Massif (southwest Turkey) : geodynamic implications and correlations with the Aegean domain

Rimmelé, Gaëtan January 2003 (has links)
West Anatolien, welches die östliche laterale Verlängerung der ägäischen Domäne darstellt, besteht aus mehreren tektono-metamorphen Einheiten, die Hochdruck/Niedrigtemperatur (HP/LT) Gesteine aufweisen. Einige dieser metamorphen Gesteine Zeugen der panafrikanischen oder der kimmerischen Orogenese sind, entstanden andere während die jüngere Alpine Orogenese. <br /> <br /> Das Menderes Massiv, in der SW Türkei, wird im N von Decken der Izmir-Ankara Suturzone, im E von der Afyon Zone sowie im S von den Lykischen Decken tektonisch überlagert. In den Metasedimenten der Lykischen Decken und dem darunterliegenden Menderes Massiv treten weitverbreitete Vorkommen von Fe-Mg-Carpholith-führenden Gesteinen auf. Diese neue Entdeckung belegt, dass beide Deckenkomplexe während der alpinen Orogenese unter HP/LT Bedingungen überprägt wurden. Die P-T Bedingungen für die HP-Phase liegen bei 10-12 kbar/400&#176;C in den Lykischen Decken und 12-14 kbar/470-500&#176;C im südlichen Menderes Massiv, was eine Versenkung von min. 30 km während der Subduktion und Deckenstapelung dokumentiert.<br /> <br /> Die Analyse der duktilen Deformation sowie thermobarometrische Berechnungen zeigen, dass die Lykischen Metasedimente unterschiedliche Exhumierungspfade nach der gemeinsamen HP-Phase durchliefen. In Gesteinen, die weiter entfernt vom Kontakt der Lykischen Decken mit dem Menderes Massiv liegen, lässt sich lediglich ein Hochdruck-Abkühlungspfad belegen, der mit einer &bdquo;top-NNE&ldquo; Bewegung an die Akçakaya Scherzone gebunden ist. Diese Scherzone ist ein Intra-Deckenkontakt, der in den frühen Stadien, innerhalb des Stabilitätsfeldes von Fe-Mg-Carpholith, der Exhumierung aktiv war. Die nahe am Kontakt mit dem Menderes Massiv gelegenen Gesteine weisen wärmere Exhumierungspfade auf, die mit einer &bdquo;top-E&ldquo; Scherung assoziiert sind. Diese Deformation erfolgte nach dem S-Transport der Lykischen Decken und somit zeitgleich mit der Reaktivierung des Kontakts der Lykischen Decken/Menderes Massiv als Hauptscherzone (der Gerit Scherzone), die eine späte Exhumierung der HP-Gesteine unter wärmeren Bedingungen erlaubte. Die Hochdruckgesteine des südlichen Menderes Massiv weisen eine einfache isothermale Dekompression bei etwa 450&#176;C während der Exhumierung nach. Die begleitende Deformation während der Hochdruckphase und der Exhumierung ist durch eine starke N-S bis NE-SW&ndash;Dehnung charakterisiert.<br /> <br /> Das Alter der Hochdruckmetamorphose in den Lykischen Decken kann zwischen oberster Kreide (jüngste Sedimente in der Lykischen allochthonen Einheit) und Eozän (Kykladische Blauschiefer) festgelegt werden. Ein mögliches Paläozänes Alter kann somit angenommen werden. Das Alter der Hochdruckmetamorphose in den Deckschichten des Menderes Massiv liegt demnach zwischen mittlerem Paläozän (oberste Metaolistostrome der Menderes &bdquo;Cover&ldquo;-Einheit) und dem mittleren Eozän (HP-Metamorphose in der Dilek-Selçuk Region des Kykladenkomplex). Apatit-Spaltspur-Daten von beiden Seiten des Kontakts der Lykischen Decken/Menderes Massiv lassen darauf schließen, daß diese Gesteine im späten Oligozän/frühen Miozän sehr nahe der Paläo-Oberfläche waren. <br /> <br /> Die hier dargestellten Arbeiten in den Lykischen Decken und im Menderes Massiv lassen auf die Existenz eines ausgedehnten alpinen HP-Metamorphose-Gürtels im SW der Türkei schließen. Die Hochdruckgesteine wurden im Akkretionskomplex einer N-wärtigen Subduktion des Neo-Tethys Ozeans gebildet, der spät-Kretazisch obduziert und dann in die früh-Tertiäre Kontinentalkollision des passiven Randes (Anatolid-Taurid Block) mit der nördlichen Platte (Sakarya Mikrokontinent) miteinbezogen war. Im Eozän bestand der Akkretionskomplex aus drei gestapelten Hochdruckeinheiten. Die Unterste entspricht dem eingeschuppten Kern und Hochdruck-&bdquo;Cover&ldquo; des Menderes Massivs. Die Mittlere besteht aus dem Kykladischen Blauschiefer-Komplex (Dilek-Selçuk Einheit) und die oberste Einheit wird von den Hochdruck Lykischen Decken gebildet. <br /> <br /> Während die Basiseinheiten der ägäischen und anatolischen Region tektonisch unterschiedliche Prä-mesozoische Geschichten durchliefen, wurden sie wahrscheinlich am Ende des Paläozikums zusammengeführt und durchliefen dann ein gemeinsame mesozoische Geschichte. Dann wurden die Basis und ihre Deckschichten, ebenso wie die Kykladischen Blauschiefer und Lykischen Decken, in ähnlich entstandene akkretionäre Komplexe während des Eozäns und Oligozäns involviert. / Western Anatolia that represents the eastward lateral continuation of the Aegean domain is composed of several tectono-metamorphic units showing occurrences of high-pressure/low-temperature (HP-LT) rocks. While some of these metamorphic rocks are vestiges of the Pan-African or Cimmerian orogenies, others are the result of the more recent Alpine orogenesis. <br /> <br /> In southwest Turkey, the Menderes Massif occupies an extensive area tectonically overlain by nappe units of the Izmir-Ankara Suture Zone in the north, the Afyon Zone in the east, and the Lycian Nappes in the south. In the present study, investigations in the metasediments of the Lycian Nappes and underlying southern Menderes Massif revealed widespread occurrences of Fe-Mg-carpholite-bearing rocks. This discovery leads to the very first consideration that both nappe complexes recorded HP-LT metamorphic conditions during the Alpine orogenesis. P-T conditions for the HP metamorphic peak are about 10-12 kbar/400&#176;C in the Lycian Nappes, and 12-14 kbar/470-500&#176;C in the southern Menderes Massif, documenting a burial of at least 30 km during subduction and nappe stacking. <br /> <br /> Ductile deformation analysis in concert with multi-equilibrium thermobarometric calculations reveals that metasediments from the Lycian Nappes recorded distinct exhumation patterns after a common HP metamorphic peak. The rocks located far from the contact separating the Lycian Nappes and the Menderes Massif, where HP parageneses are well preserved, retained a single HP cooling path associated with top-to-the-NNE shearing related to the Akçakaya shear zone. This zone of strain localization is an intra-nappe contact that was active in the early stages of exhumation of HP rocks, within the stability field of Fe-Mg-carpholite. The rocks located close to the contact with the Menderes Massif, where HP parageneses are completely retrogressed into chlorite and mica, recorded warmer exhumation paths associated with top-to-the-E intense shearing. This deformation occurred after the southward emplacement of Lycian Nappes, and is contemporaneous with the reactivation of the &rsquo;Lycian Nappes-Menderes Massif&prime; contact as a major shear zone (the Gerit shear zone) that allowed late exhumation of HP parageneses under warmer conditions. The HP rocks from the southern Menderes Massif recorded a simple isothermal decompression at about 450&#176;C during exhumation, and deformation during HP event and its exhumation is characterized by a severe N-S to NE-SW stretching.<br /> <br /> The age of the HP metamorphism recorded in the Lycian Nappes is assumed to range between the Latest Cretaceous (age of the youngest sediments in the Lycian allochthonous unit) and the Eocene (age of the Cycladic Blueschists). A probable Palaeocene age is suggested. The age of the HP metamorphism that affected the cover series of the Menderes Massif is constrained between the Middle Palaeocene (age of the uppermost metaolistostrome of the Menderes &rsquo;cover&prime;) and the Middle Eocene (age of the HP metamorphism in the Dilek-Selçuk region that belongs to the Cycladic Complex). Apatite fission track data for the rocks on both sides of the &rsquo;Lycian Nappes/Menderes Massif&rsquo; contact suggest that these rocks were very close to the paleo-Earth surface in the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene time.<br /> <br /> This study in the Lycian Nappes and in the Menderes Massif establishes the existence of an extensive Alpine HP metamorphic belt in southwest Turkey. HP rocks were involved in the accretionary complex related to northward-verging subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean, Late Cretaceous obduction and subsequent Early Tertiary continental collision of the passive margin (Anatolide-Tauride block) beneath the active margin of the northern plate (Sakarya micro-continent). During the Eocene, the accretionary complex was made of three stacked HP units. The lowermost corresponds to the imbricated &rsquo;core&prime; and HP &rsquo;cover&prime; of the Menderes Massif, the intermediate one consists of the Cycladic Blueschist Complex (Dilek-Selçuk unit), and the uppermost unit is made of the HP Lycian Nappes.<br /> <br /> Whereas the basement units of both Aegean and Anatolian regions underwent a different pre-Mesozoic tectonic history, they were probably juxtaposed by the end of the Paleozoic and underwent a common Mesozoic history. Then, the basements and their cover, as well as the Cycladic Blueschists and the Lycian Nappes were involved in similar evolutional accretionary complexes during the Eocene and Oligocene times.

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