Orientador: Watson Loh / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T12:25:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Padula_Lilian_M.pdf: 1356647 bytes, checksum: f598e703185d3612f096dbc7d319e2d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Polieletrólitos e surfatantes de carga oposta associam-se fortemente, levando à formação de fases líquido cristalinas com estruturas supramoleculares. A geometria da fase líquido cristalina depende de parâmetros tais como: concentração, razão molar (surfatante/ monômero), características do polímero, presença de aditivos e cossolventes. O objetivo desse trabalho é estudar o equilíbrio de fases e mudanças estruturais das fases líquido cristalinas em sistemas binários contendo complexo polietilenoimina-dodecilsulfato - (PEI-DS) e água, observando assim, a dependência das fases em relação às variáveis tais como razão molar surfatante/ monômero, massa molar e estrutura do polímero (ramificado ou linear) e quantidade de água. Os complexos apresentaram diferenças de comportamento quando utilizados polímeros de diferentes massas molares. O polímero de maior massa molar (2000 'g.mol POT. -1') apresentou apenas estruturas lamelares, já o polímero de menor massa molar (423 'g.mol POT. -1') apresentou estruturas lamelares e hexagonais. Depois de estudados os efeitos das diferentes características do polímero sobre o sistema binário composto por complexo e água, foi escolhido um determinado complexo cuja razão molar 'N IND. SURFATANTE'/ 'N IND. MONÔMERO' é 0,75. Este foi estudado na presença de água e um cossolvente. Os cossolventes escolhidos foram decanol e p-xileno, para ambos os sistemas houve predominância de fase hexagonal. De maneira geral, a troca do contra-íon simples, Na+, pelo contra-íon polimérico, PEI, provocou diferenças no comportamento das mesofases tanto na geometria quanto nas dimensões estruturais, tanto para os sistemas binários quanto para os sistemas ternários / Abstract: Polyelectrolytes associate strongly with oppositely charged surfactants in water, being able to generate liquid crystalline phases with interesting supramolecular structures. The geometry of the liquid crystalline phase depends on parameters such as: concentration, surfactant/monomer ratio, polymer characteristics and presence of cosolvents. The objective of this work is to study the phase equilibria and the structural changes of liquid crystalline phases in binary systems which contain a complex polyethyleneimine dodecylsulfate - (PEI-DS) and water, analyzing the dependence of these phases on variables such as surfactant/monomer ratio, polymer molar mass and structure (branched or linear) and water content. Different polymers led to different phase behavior. While complex with PEI 2000 'g.mol POT. -1' formed only lamellar phases the PEI 423 'g.mol POT. -1' formed lamellar and hexagonal ones. The complex formed with surfactant/ monomer ratio of 0.75 was studied in the presence of water and cosolvents. The cosolvents were decanol and p-xylene and for both systems the hexagonal phase predominate. The counterion exchange from simple, Na+, to polymeric, PEI, produced differences on mesophases geometry and structural dimensions, both in binary and ternary systems / Mestrado / Físico-Química / Mestre em Química

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Ce travail de thèse porte sur la compréhension des phénomènes physico-chimiques régissant les propriétés poreuses et structurales de matériaux mésoporeux structurés par des micelles complexes de polyions (PIC). Nous défendons que la sensibilité de la structure aux conditions physico-chimiques est due à l’eau contenue dans les complexes électrostatiques en équilibre osmotique avec l’ensemble de la solution.Le travail a consisté à synthétiser par ATRP des copolymères double-hydrophiles (DHBC) POE-b-PAA séquencés neutre-acide faible. En présence d’un polyélectrolyte faible basique, tel que la néomycine ou des oligochitosans, ils forment des micelles PIC, analogues colloïdaux des coacervats. Nous avons caractérisé les micelles PIC de structure cœur-couronne sur une large gamme de concentration et observé leur compression progressive concomitante à leur ordonnancement et finalement leur transition vers des phases lamellaires. La composition du cœur a été étudiée grâce à un système modèle coacervat, macroscopiquement séparé, obtenu par mélange de PAA et de néomycine. Le coacervat contient jusqu’à 60% d’eau et présente la structure d’un réseau de polymères neutres enchevêtrés. La quantité d’eau contenue dans le coacervat dépend des conditions physico-chimiques telles que le pH et la concentration mais également de l’ajout d’osmolytes tels que de l’alcool, du PEG ou du sel. Une série de matériaux mésoporeux a été synthétisée et nous avons montré qu’il était possible de modifier les propriétés structurales et poreuses des matériaux en utilisant un système PIC (couple DHBC + polyélectrolyte) unique, en jouant sur la physico-chimie des solutions de synthèse. Nous avons donc mis en relation les fractions volumiques de cœur complexe du système mésogène et la structure des matériaux obtenus et avons montré que la contribution de l’eau était très significative. L’augmentation de la quantité d’eau dans les coacervats induit une augmentation de la taille des pores ou la transition vers des mésostructures lamellaires de courbures plus faibles. Ainsi la synthèse de matériaux mésoporeux structurés par des complexes électrostatiques s’avère d’autant plus respectueuse de l’environnement qu’elle utilise comme agent structurant principal l’eau. / The objective of this PhD thesis is to understand the physico-chemical phenomena that govern the structural and porous properties of ordered mesoporous materials templated by polyion electrostatic complex micelles. It is defended that the sensitivity of the structure to the physico-chemical parameters of the system is due to the water content in the electrostatic complex which is in osmotic equilibrium with the synthesis medium. First, double-hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBC) were synthesized by ATRP controlled polymerization. They form polyion complex (PIC) micelles in the presence of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes such as the neomycin and oligochitosan weak bases. PIC micelles, colloidal analogues to coacervates, were characterized on a large range of concentration and their concomitant progressive compression was observed together with their ordering and finally their transition to lamellar phases. The core structure and composition were studied through the analysis of a model coacervate system, which macroscopically separates and results from complexation between neomycin and sodium polyacrylate. The coacervate contains up to 60 wt.% of water and exhibits the structure of a network of interpenetrated polymers. The water content in the coacervate depends on physicochemical conditions such as pH and concentration of the system, but also on the addition of osmolytes such as alcohol, PEG polymers or simple salts. A series of mesoporous materials were prepared and their structural and porous properties were modulated by simply varying the physicochemical conditions of the synthesis medium, with a unique DHBC/polyelectrolyte pair. Correlations between the volume fraction of the complex core of the mesogenic system and the obtained material structure could be established and it was shown that the contribution of water was highly significant. Increasing the water content in the coacervates induces an increase of the pore size in 2D hexagonal structures or favours the transition towards lamellar phases of lower curvature. As a conclusion, the synthesis of mesoporous materials mediated by the use of electrostatic complex micelles proved to be all the more environment-friendly as it uses water as the main porogen.