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Thesis (Psy. D.)--Wheaton College Graduate School, 2002. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-57).

Thesis (Psy. D.)--Wheaton College Graduate School, Wheaton, IL, 2002. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-57).

Thesis (Psy. D.)--Wheaton College Graduate School, Wheaton, IL, 2002. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-57).

I’m interested in writing stories that make me as author disappear. A little. I’d like for my stories to unravel themselves while I sit just barely visible, maybe on a porch across the street. I’m also interested in playing with unusual phrases and syntax to achieve authentic voice in my stories. This sets up a conflict because while I want to develop small, fairly simple stories, I also value some language trickery, which might come off as authorial. I want nuanced voices that don’t feel editorialized. I want the stories to be authentic in an off-putting way. My biggest challenge has been monkeying with language in ways I find interesting while still maintaining a cool distance. It feels like training a service dog without getting sentimental. I like these problems though. I like the tiptoe-ing. My goal is to be able to drop readers in the middle of a situation: childhood, a factory, the grieving process, and carry them through it, without them knowing I’m there, without having to rely on explanations of characters’ thoughts, their motives. I am drawn to stories with little exposition. As a reader, I like making my discoveries through characters, how they navigate the world. I like to read stories that are revelatory in an interesting way – without having to be told outright how a life got so raw, or why lying can be the greatest relief, or how come it’s heartbreaking to see up close how much makeup a woman wears. I’ve heard this advice over the years: “Write what you know.” I’ve tried this with dull results. I’ve decided that I disagree. I’m working to write more stories about lives, jobs, concepts, illnesses, joys and sadnesses that I don’t know. I like trying on the other: a housewife, a man, a teen, a liar, someone forgotten. By writing what I don’t know, I want to stir up the reader, deliver something familiar yet jarring.

This thesis explores relationships between the National Mall and the quarries that supported its construction. It focuses on the Washington Monument and its source of material, the Cockeysville Quarry, Maryland. By studying the movement of stone, the thesis begins to understand both sites as landscapes in process. It then examines the sites histories including land forms, immigrated laborers and railways changes associated with quarrying and construction. It happens that Ian McHarg also studied both sites fifty years ago in Design with Nature. Mcharg's analysis overlooks the potential of the industrial quarry to recharge the Marble Valley aquifer and does not account for the projected sea level rise on the National Mall. It is necessary to examine the two sites again. McHarg's ecological principles and methods are still the basic evaluation criteria for the examination (especially his understanding of landscapes as process.) The design project of this thesis uses shifting hydrologies at both sites to drive new uses,earthwork, urban forest (tree canopies), and axial relationships, inspired by the materials, forms, and historical links between the two landscapes. By looking at the landscapes as a pair, the design recalls the past connections between the sites and constructs new relationships ideologically and physically. / MLA / It is common for there to be a separation between quarries and the buildings and landscape we create from their materials. People rarely realize the materials are the records and links of the history, culture, society and ecology of the paired landscape between construction and material producer. This thesis starts from investigating the origin of building stones used for the memorials on the National Mall. Tracing stone sources links the National Mall landscape and the quarries that supported its construction. It focuses on the Washington Monument and its source of material, the Cockeysville Quarry, Maryland. The thesis examines the geographic, hydrological and physiographic information of the landscape between the National Mall and the Cockeysville Quarry based on ecological methods, especially the understanding of both sites as landscapes in process. It also studies the sites’ histories including landforms, immigrated laborers, and railways changes associated with quarrying and construction. The thesis design project explores the question of how the relationships can be reflected and applied in the intervention of the two landscapes. Within the framework generated by the relationship study, water issues have been identified as the main common problem. Protecting the Marble Valley aquifer and dealing with the thread of the sea level rise on the National Mall is the major consideration. The main strategy of design is to use the anticipated hydrologies to drive the new uses, earthwork, urban forest (tree canopies) at both sites. The second strategy of design is to use history, form and material relationships to inspire new connections between the sites ideologically and physically.

Sculptural works in an outdoor environment undergo different types of deterioration, depending upon their media and the environment in which they are placed. Sculptural monuments in an outdoor environment will eventually deteriorate and fail. Without proper care and the recognition of factors leading to their degradation, these sculptures will surely be lost.Delaware County retains twenty-four existing bronze and marble outdoor sculptures, many of which suffer from slight to extreme deterioration of their materials. Through research of the media, causes of deterioration, and available conservation treatments, this project strives to provide viable recommendations for prolonging the lives of these sculptures in Delaware County.Case studies of four pieces were prepared by the author, complete with photographs and surface maps that explain the type and location of deterioration present. These pieces were chosen as representative of the media surveyed. / Department of Architecture

A utilização da lama residual de marmoraria em cerâmica vermelha foi colocada em prática visando à diminuição do impacto ambiental, causado tanto pelo descarte da lama como também pela quantidade de argila extraída no setor cerâmico. Foram coletadas amostras em 12 marmorarias localizadas na Grande São Paulo. No entanto, apenas as amostras de quatro foram selecionadas para serem incorporadas, levando em consideração suas características distintas. O argilito foi a matéria-prima escolhida para confecção da massa padrão de cerâmica vermelha, devido à sua grande utilização no setor. Tanto as amostras a serem incorporadas, quanto o argilito, foram caracterizados por meio de análise granulométrica, análise química por fluorescência de raios X e análise mineralógica por difração de raios X; além de análises segundo à norma NBR 10004 nas lamas. Após a caracterização das matérias-primas, foi aplicado às misturas o ensaio de plasticidade; em seguida, confeccionados corpos-de-prova com diversos teores de lama incorporada, os quais foram queimados e submetidos a ensaios tecnológicos, como resistência mecânica, absorção de água, porosidade, massa específica aparente e retração, dilatação do material seco e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados demonstraram a viabilidade de aproveitamento destas lamas, apontando vantagens de sua utilização, porém levando em consideração algumas condições adotadas. / In order to decrease environmental impact, caused by mud discarding and clay extraction in the ceramic industry, it was used residual mud from marble and granite companies for structural ceramic. Samples were collected in twelve different marble companies located at the metropolitan region of São Paulo. However, only four samples were selected, based on its different characteristics. Claystone was the raw material chosen to prepare the structural ceramic, considering its high use in this segment. Samples and claystone were both analysed by the following procedures: granulometric analysis, x-rays fluorescent chemical analysis and x-rays diffraction mineralogical analysis, besides, tests in the samples were conducted following NBR 10004 standards. Once raw materials were characterized, the plasticity test was conducted. Test specimen were molded with different levels of mud, then burned and submitted to technological tests, such as: mechanical resistance, water absorption, porosity, specific gravity and retraction, material dilation before burning process and scanning electron microscopy. The final results have shown the viability of using this kind of mud, and pointed some advantages on its usage, but taking in consideration some previous conditions to be adopted.

A siderurgia vem sofrendo transformações que buscam inovação e matérias-primas alternativas. Dentro deste contexto, o uso de resíduos industriais para a formação de escórias sintéticas é tido como alternativa na busca de novos materiais e rotas de reaproveitamento de resíduos. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o uso de escórias sintéticas na etapa de dessulfuração do ferro-gusa, aço e ferro fundido. Assim como, propor a utilização da sodalita e da alumina em substituição à fluorita e o resíduo de mármore em substituição à cal convencional. Inicialmente, o resíduo foi caracterizado utilizando as seguintes técnicas: análise química, análise granulométrica, área de superfície específica, difração de raios-X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e análise de espectroscopia por energia dispersiva (EDS). Os resultados da caracterização mostraram que aproximadamente 90% das partículas do resíduo de mármore estão abaixo de 100m e sua área superficial foi de 0,24m²/g. Através da difração de raios-X foi observado que o resíduo é composto por CaCO3, MgCO3 e SiO2. Na sequência, foram feitas simulações com o software Thermo-Calc para obter dados termodinâmicos das fases presentes nas misturas e compará-los com os resultados experimentais. Além disso, também foram calculados dados de capacidade de sulfeto (Cs), partição de enxofre (Ls) e basicidade ótica () das misturas iniciais. Posteriormente, foram realizados os ensaios experimentais em escala laboratorial para ferro-gusa, ferro fundido e aço, respectivamente nas temperaturas de 1400°C, 1550°C e 1600°C. Nos ensaios de dessulfuração do aço e do ferro-gusa, utilizou-se um rotor de alumina com o objetivo de favorecer a agitação no metal e aumentar a remoção de enxofre. Na etapa de dessulfuração do ferro-gusa, constatou-se que a fase sólida de CaO é a responsável pela remoção de enxofre e que a presença das fases silicato tricálcio e aluminato tricálcio (3CaO.SiO2 e 3CaO.Al2O3) limitam a reação, sendo maiores suas concentrações nas escórias que utilizaram o resíduo de mármore e sodalita, devido a presença de SiO2 e Al2O3 nestas matérias-primas. Já para o aço e o ferro fundido, que foram estudados com escórias à base de CaO e Al2O3, observou-se que o aumento da fase líquida favoreceu a dessulfuração. Verificou-se que a dessulfuração no ferro fundido foi por escória de topo e no aço por um processo misto, onde a fase líquida e fase sólida participaram da dessulfuração. / The steel industry is going through transformations aiming at innovation and use of alternative raw materials. In this context, the use of industrial waste in the production of synthetic slag is considered an important option on the search for new materials and waste reuse. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the use of synthetic slags at the desulfurization of hot metal, steel and cast iron. It was proposed the use sodalite and alumina instead of fluorite and the use of marble waste instead of lime. Marble waste was characterized by chemical analysis, particle size analysis, specific surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), analysis with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The characterization results showed that almost 90% of the particles are smaller than 100 m and its specific surface area was 0.2406m²/g. The XRD has showed the presence of compounds such as CaCO3 and MgCO3 and SiO2. Further, simulations using Thermo-Calc were performed in order to obtain thermodynamic data of the present phases, and to compare with experimental data. Furthermore, sulfide capacity (Cs), sulfur partition (Ls) and optical basicity () were determined. The experimental procedures were carried out at 1400°C, 1550°C and 1600°C for hot metal, cast iron and steel, respectively. In addition, steel and hot metal tests were performed using an alumina rotor to raise the desulphurization. In hot metal desulphurization, solid CaO phase was responsible for sulfur removal. Furthermore, 3CaO.SiO2 and 3CaO.Al2O3 phases limited the reaction, being their concentration higher in the slags with marble waste and sodalite, due to the presence of SiO2 and Al2O3 in these raw materials. Slags composed mainly of CaO and Al2O3 were used in steel and cast iron desulphurization. It was observed that when increasing liquid phase, the reaction of desulphurization was favored. Besides, it was found that cast iron desulfurization occurs by top slag mechanism and steel desulfurization by a mixed process where the liquid phase and solid phase have influence on the desulfurization.

A utilização da lama residual de marmoraria em cerâmica vermelha foi colocada em prática visando à diminuição do impacto ambiental, causado tanto pelo descarte da lama como também pela quantidade de argila extraída no setor cerâmico. Foram coletadas amostras em 12 marmorarias localizadas na Grande São Paulo. No entanto, apenas as amostras de quatro foram selecionadas para serem incorporadas, levando em consideração suas características distintas. O argilito foi a matéria-prima escolhida para confecção da massa padrão de cerâmica vermelha, devido à sua grande utilização no setor. Tanto as amostras a serem incorporadas, quanto o argilito, foram caracterizados por meio de análise granulométrica, análise química por fluorescência de raios X e análise mineralógica por difração de raios X; além de análises segundo à norma NBR 10004 nas lamas. Após a caracterização das matérias-primas, foi aplicado às misturas o ensaio de plasticidade; em seguida, confeccionados corpos-de-prova com diversos teores de lama incorporada, os quais foram queimados e submetidos a ensaios tecnológicos, como resistência mecânica, absorção de água, porosidade, massa específica aparente e retração, dilatação do material seco e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados demonstraram a viabilidade de aproveitamento destas lamas, apontando vantagens de sua utilização, porém levando em consideração algumas condições adotadas. / In order to decrease environmental impact, caused by mud discarding and clay extraction in the ceramic industry, it was used residual mud from marble and granite companies for structural ceramic. Samples were collected in twelve different marble companies located at the metropolitan region of São Paulo. However, only four samples were selected, based on its different characteristics. Claystone was the raw material chosen to prepare the structural ceramic, considering its high use in this segment. Samples and claystone were both analysed by the following procedures: granulometric analysis, x-rays fluorescent chemical analysis and x-rays diffraction mineralogical analysis, besides, tests in the samples were conducted following NBR 10004 standards. Once raw materials were characterized, the plasticity test was conducted. Test specimen were molded with different levels of mud, then burned and submitted to technological tests, such as: mechanical resistance, water absorption, porosity, specific gravity and retraction, material dilation before burning process and scanning electron microscopy. The final results have shown the viability of using this kind of mud, and pointed some advantages on its usage, but taking in consideration some previous conditions to be adopted.