The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of linear position transducers (LPTs), The Open Barbell System (OBS) and Tendo Weightlifting Analyzer System (TWAS), in comparison to criterion measure Optotrak Certus (OC3D). Further, we aimed to compare LPTs against each other. Twenty-five resistance-trained males were recruited, and reported to the laboratory for one day of data collection. Subjects performed one-repetition maximum (1 RM) testing of the squat, then had a standardized rest before completing one set to failure with 70% 1 RM. There was no significant difference in average velocity (AV) between either LPT vs. OC3D. T-tests revealed significant differences between LPTs and OC3D peak velocity (PV) (OBS: p=0.02080; TWAS: p<0.01). A significant difference was detected between OBS and TWAS PV (p<0.01). OBS and TWAS demonstrated concurrent validity compared to OC3D for AV (OBS: p=0.2014; TWAS: p=0.5466). Neither LPT was a valid measure ofPV (OBS: p=0.0208; TWAS: p<0.01). / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2016. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Desde o final da década de 1990 existe um interesse crescente na aplicação de técnicas de planejamento automático em IA para resolver problemas reais de engenharia. Além das características dos problemas acadêmicos, tais como a necessidade de raciocinar sobre as ações, problemas reais requerem elicitação, engenharia e gerenciamento detalhado do conhecimento do domínio. Para tais aplicações reais, um processo de design sistemático é necessário onde as ferramentas de Engenharia do Conhecimento e de Requisitons têm um papel fundamental. Esforços acadêmicos recentes na área da Engenharia do Conhecimento em planejamento automático vêm desenvolvido ferramentas e técnicas de apoio ao processo de design de modelos do conhecimento. Porém, dada a natural incompletude do conhecimento, experiência prática em aplicações reais, como por exemplo exploração do espaço, tem mostrado que, mesmo com um processo disciplinado de design, requisitos de pontos de vista diferente (por exemplo, especialistas, usuários e patrocinadores) ainda surgem após a análise, geração e execução de planos. A tese central deste texto é que uma fase de análise de pós-design para o desenvolvimento de aplicações de planejamento em IA resulta em modelos do conhecimento mais ricos e, conseqüentemente, aumenta a qualidade dos planos gerados e a performance dos planejadores automáticos. Neste texto, nós investigamos como os conhecimentos e requisitos ocultos podem ser adquiridos e reutilizados durante a fase de análise de plans (posterior ao design do modelo) e como estes conhecimentos afetam o desempenho do processo de planejamento automático. O texto descreve um framework de post-design chamado postDAM que combina (1) uma ferramenta de engenharia de conhecimento para a aquisição de requisitos e avaliação do plano, (2) um ambiente de prototipagem virtual para a análise e simulação de planos, (3) um sistema de banco de dados para armazenamento de avaliações de planos, e (4) um sistema de raciocínio ontológico para o re-uso e descoberta de conhecimento sobre o domínio. Com o framework postDAM demonstramos que a análise de pós-design auxilia a descoberta de requisitos ocultos e orienta o ciclo de refinamento do modelo. Este trabalho apresenta três estudos de caso com domínios conhecidos na literatura e oito planejadores do estado da arte. Nossos resultados demonstram que melhorias significativas na qualidade do plano e um aumento na velocidade dos planejadores de até três ordens de grandeza pode ser alcançada através de um processo disciplinado e cuidados de pós-design. Nós demonstramos também que rationales provenientes dos usuários capturados durante as avaliações de planos podem ser úteis e reutilizáveis em novas avaliações de plano e em novos projetos. Nós argumentamos que esse processo de pós-design é fundamental para a implantação da tecnologia de planejamento automático em aplicações do mundo real. Até onde sabemos, este é o primeiro trabalho que investiga a análise de pós-design em aplicações de planejamento automático da IA. / Since the end of the 1990s there has been an increasing interest in the application of AI planning techniques to solve real-life problems. In addition to characteristics of academic problems, such as the need to reason about actions, real-life problems require detailed knowledge elicitation, engineering, and management. A systematic design process in which Knowledge and Requirements Engineering techniques and tools play a fundamental role is necessary in such applications. Research on Knowledge Engineering for planning and scheduling has created tools and techniques to support the design process of planning domain models. However, given the natural incompleteness of the knowledge, practical experience in real applications such as space exploration has shown that, even with a disciplined process of design, requirements from different viewpoints (e.g. stakeholders, experts, users) still emerge after plan generation, analysis and execution. The central thesis of this dissertation is that an post-design analysis phase in the development of AI planning applications leads to richer knowledge models and, consequently, to high-performance and high-quality plans. In this dissertation, we investigate how hidden knowledge and requirements can be acquired and re-used during a plan analysis phase that follows model design and how they affect planning performance. We describe a post-design framework called postDAM that combines (1) a knowledge engineering tool for requirements acquisition and plan evaluation, (2) a virtual prototyping environment for the analysis and simulation of plans, (3) a database system for storing plan evaluations, and (4) an ontological reasoning system for knowledge re-use and discovery. Our framework demonstrates that post-design analysis supports the discovery of missing requirements and guides the model refinement cycle. We present three case studies using benchmark domains and eight state-of-the-art planners. Our results demonstrate that significant improvements in plan quality and an increase in planning speed of up to three orders of magnitude can be achieved through a careful post-design process. We also demonstrate that rationales captured during plan evaluations from users can be useful and reusable in further plan evaluations and in new application designs. We argue that such a post-design process is critical for deployment of planning technology in real-world applications. To our knowledge, this is the first work that investigate post-design analysis for AI planning applications.

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Originally presented as the author's Thesis--Zugl.: Technische Universität München, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

This Ph.D. thesis presents the design, modeling, optimization, prototyping, and experimental methodologies for a novel actuation system for the synchronized segmentally interchanging pulley transmission system (SSIPTS). The SSIPTS is an improved transmission which offers the combined benefits of existing transmission systems for the automotive, the power generation, and the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) industries. As a major subsystem of the SSIPTS, the Pulley Segment Actuation System (PSAS) plays a critical role in the SSIPTS operation and success. However, the overall design of the SSIPTS and its operation principle introduce very challenging and conflicting design requirements for PSASs that the existing actuation technologies cannot meet. To address the lack of actuation technologies for the PSAS application, this research proposes a unique actuation system that meets all the challenging design requirements of the PSAS. This new actuation system is based on the electromagnetic moving coil actuator (MCA) technology. The proposed system is conceptualized and modeled. The key parameters of the actuation system are defined following the conceptual design and modeling. Further, the geometry mapping optimization and the FEM analysis are conducted to determine the optimized values for the key design parameters. From the simulation results, the optimized actuator is shaped. Moreover, a proper control strategy is proposed for the motion of the actuator. Experiments are performed to find the empirical parameters of the actuator, to validate the proposed design, and to test the performance of the actuator. Experimental results show that the prototype of the actuation system meets the design requirements and is feasible for implementation in the SSIPTS. The main contribution of this thesis is to develop a highly efficient and reliable ultra fast bi-stable actuation system for the PSAS for the SSIPTS. As an ultra fast bistable actuation system, the designed actuation system has many advantages over other types of actuation systems: higher load capacity, smaller dimensions, and good controllability. These performance characteristics make the designed actuation system an excellent candidate in applications requiring fast transient response, high precision, and high load capacity such as electromagnetic valve actuators for engines, high speed pick and place, and precise positioning.

This Ph.D. thesis presents the design, modeling, optimization, prototyping, and experimental methodologies for a novel actuation system for the synchronized segmentally interchanging pulley transmission system (SSIPTS). The SSIPTS is an improved transmission which offers the combined benefits of existing transmission systems for the automotive, the power generation, and the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) industries. As a major subsystem of the SSIPTS, the Pulley Segment Actuation System (PSAS) plays a critical role in the SSIPTS operation and success. However, the overall design of the SSIPTS and its operation principle introduce very challenging and conflicting design requirements for PSASs that the existing actuation technologies cannot meet. To address the lack of actuation technologies for the PSAS application, this research proposes a unique actuation system that meets all the challenging design requirements of the PSAS. This new actuation system is based on the electromagnetic moving coil actuator (MCA) technology. The proposed system is conceptualized and modeled. The key parameters of the actuation system are defined following the conceptual design and modeling. Further, the geometry mapping optimization and the FEM analysis are conducted to determine the optimized values for the key design parameters. From the simulation results, the optimized actuator is shaped. Moreover, a proper control strategy is proposed for the motion of the actuator. Experiments are performed to find the empirical parameters of the actuator, to validate the proposed design, and to test the performance of the actuator. Experimental results show that the prototype of the actuation system meets the design requirements and is feasible for implementation in the SSIPTS. The main contribution of this thesis is to develop a highly efficient and reliable ultra fast bi-stable actuation system for the PSAS for the SSIPTS. As an ultra fast bistable actuation system, the designed actuation system has many advantages over other types of actuation systems: higher load capacity, smaller dimensions, and good controllability. These performance characteristics make the designed actuation system an excellent candidate in applications requiring fast transient response, high precision, and high load capacity such as electromagnetic valve actuators for engines, high speed pick and place, and precise positioning.

People are unique and display a variety of preferences with regard to the products that are / Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2007.

Mechatronics encompass a holistic approach to the design, development, production, maintenance and disposal of complex engineering systems, products and processes. The control and modelling of the manufacturing process are carried out in a networked environment allowing for realistic real time control and simulation. This is achieved through the declarative definition of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) components, the standardisation of CIM interfaces and the object-orientated approach to model development and data management. The development ofthe Modular Mechatronic CIM control system is aimed at intelligently scheduling, controlling and monitoring manufacturing processes in realtime over Internet capable networks. Modular Mechatronics is an alternative design approach that requires the decomposition of a project into separate modules, identifiable by their individual mechatronic functionality. Modular Mechatronic control for Internet manufacturing produces an efficient and effective solution for CIM processes. This approach allows a remote user to monitor and control CIM processes in real time over the Internet allow for a supervisory control structure to control and manage these processes. The modular mechatronic design approach has been applied to the development of the CIM Internet control system, to optimise the overall function ofthe CIM system. A flexible, low cost Modular Mechatronic design approach was used to develop the CIM architecture and computer interface network, which served as the backbone of the Modular Mechatronic CIM control system. The modular designed control system was used to control CIM components in real time over the Internet. The Modular Mechatronic building block development allows for future integration of other CIM components. / Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.

The development process of mechatronic control systems often relies on physical prototypes to test the interactions between the control software and mechanical components. However, the logistics of synchronizing a concurrent development process and the risks of integrating only partially completed sub-systems often limits effective prototyping. The consequent lack of feedback can lead to overly complex and unreliable systems which may have to undergo expensive re-designs. The interactions between mechanical systems and control software can also be recreated artificially by combining a hybrid modelling language with computer graphics technology. A dynamic 3D environment can generate sensor telemetry for input to a control system, which in turn alters the state of the environment through virtual actuators. This kind of simulation allows engineers to explore a larger design space early during the development process without committing significant resources to physical prototypes. This dissertation introduces a method for simulating mechatronic systems using Petri Nets and Scene Trees. The following chapters formally define the modelling language and illustrate the software architecture and user interface of a novel simulation development environment. The research is validated through qualitative reasoning and by demonstrating a simulation that detects design flaws in a mechatronic system which may have otherwise lead to expensive redesigns in the physical system.