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Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / This thesis focuses on the coaxial-microstrip T-resonator measurement technique to determine the aperture plane capacitance and radiation resistance of electrically short monopoles above a finite ground plane at Radio Frequencies. The determination of these impedance parameters is of interest as they are needed in the Thévenin equivalent circuit of the monopole to establish the relationship between the monopole, the electromagnetic field within which it is immersed, and its surrounding medium properties. Electromagnetically short monopoles are used in various applications such as in permittivity and biomedical measurement techniques and near-field metrology. The coaxial-microstrip device allows the measurement of transmission coefficient nulls when connected to the network analyser. By measuring the frequency shift in transmission null points and analysing the results, the capacitance of short monopoles of various lengths can be obtained. The radiation resistance of the monopole can also be determined by comparing the depth of transmission coefficient nulls points at various resonant frequencies. Monopoles ranging from flush-mounted to various sizes of protruding centre conductors, both bare and insulated, are investigated in the frequencies ranging from 45 MHz to 3 GHz. The experimental results compare well with FEKO numerical predictions at the ranges where this technique is applicable. The technique is however not applicable near and beyond the resonant frequency of the monopole where it is considered to be electrically long. Measurements to obtain monopole impedance parameters were conducted by connecting the device to the HP 8510C Network Analyser. To enhance accuracy, the Network Analyser was calibrated using a high quality calibration kit with precisely defined standards. The technique used was found to accurately yield capacitances in the range of 0.0211 to 1 pF and radiation resistances in the range of 0.9245 to 12.1 Ohms. These results were obtained for monopoles of length 0.0062 < h/l < 0.24. Results from literature, viz. W.R Scott, R.W.P. King and L.J. Cooper, show radiation resistance in the ranges: 2.5 to 35 Ohms (0.079 < h/l < 0.22), 1.26 to 74.08 Ohms (0.026 < h/l < 0.28) and 5.59 to 74.98 Ohms (0.1 < 0.28) for electrically short monopoles. The results of this work are compared with those in the literature and show variations of less than 6%. A technique capable of accurately measuring capacitance and radiation resistance of the monopole at various lengths of protruding centre conductor has been developed. The capacitance for a flush probe compares very well (agreement is less than 6%) when compared with those obtained by the previous researchers. The technique is capable of yielding accurate results radio frequencies in the challenging low radiation resistance range around 1 Ohm.

Orientador: Naasson Pereira de Alcântara Junior / Banca: José Carlos Sartoti / Banca: José Alfredo Covolan Ulson / Resumo: Neste trabalho, apresenta-se o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia utilizando redes neurais artificiais, para auxiliar na determinação da freqüência de ressonância no projeto de antenas tipo microfita de equipamentos móveis, tanto para antenas retangulares como para antenas triangulares. Compararam-se modelos deterministas e modelos empíricos baseados em Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) da literatura pesquisada com os modelos apresentados neste trabalho. Apresentam-se modelos empíricos baseados em RNAs tipo Perceptron Multicamadas (PMC). Os modelos propostos também são capazes de serem integrados em um ambiente CAD (Computed Aided Design) para projetar antenas tipo microfita de equipamentos móveis. / Abstract: This work presents the development of models that can be used in the design of microstrip antennas for mobile communications. The antennas can be triangular or rectangular. The presented models are compared with deterministic and empirical models based on artificial neural networks (ANN) presented in the literature. The models are based on Perceptron Multilayer (PML). The models can be embedded in CAD systems, in order to design microstrip antennas for mobile communications. / Mestre

Modeling of patch antennas and resonators on arbitrary dielectric substrates using surface RWG and volume edge based basis functions and the Method of Moments is implemented. The performance of the solver is studied for different mesh configurations. The results obtained are tested by comparison with experiments and Ansoft HFSS v9 simulator. The latter uses a large number of finite elements (up to 200K) and adaptive mesh refinement, thus providing the reliable data for comparison. The error in the resonant frequency is estimated for canonical resonator structures at different values of the relative dielectric constant ƒÕr, which ranges from 1 to 200. The reported results show a near perfect agreement in the estimation of resonant frequency for all the metal-dielectric resonators. Behavior of the antenna input impedance is tested, close to the first resonant frequency for the patch antenna. The error in the resonant frequency is estimated for different structures at different values of the relative dielectric constant ƒÕr, which ranges from 1 to 10. A larger error is observed in the calculation of the resonant frequency of the patch antenna. Moreover, this error increases with increase in the dielectric constant of the substrate. Further scope for improvement lies in the investigation of this effect.

Design and performance of fully-printed Ku-band aperture coupled patch antennas fabricated by a direct digital manufacturing (DDM) approach that integrates fused deposition modeling (FDM) of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic with in-situ micro-dispensing of conductive silver paste (CB028) are reported. Microstrip line characterizations are performed and demonstrate that misalignment of ABS substrate deposition direction with microstrip line micro-dispensing direction can degrade the effective conductivity up to 60% within the Ku-band, and must be taken into consideration in antenna array feed network designs. Specically, over 125 µm thick ABS substrate, RF loss of 0.052 dB/mm is obtained at 18 GHz, demonstrating the feasibility of additively manufactured RF devices within the Ku-band. By varying ABS inll ratios and resorting to multi-layer printing with custom substrate thicknesses, single and stacked patch antennas are designed, fabricated, and characterized with bandwidth performances up to 35%, and radiation efficiencies up to 90%. This extensive utilization of the design flexibilities provided by the direct digital manufacturing (i.e. customized substrate thicknesses, multiple substrates with varying infill ratios, and in-situ micro-dispensing of conductors) distinguishes the present work from the recently reported 3-D printed antennas. Compared to the existing work in literature, the antennas presented within this thesis stand out as being fully printed structures, operating in higher frequency range (i.e. Ku-band), and exhibiting high radiation efficiencies with wide bandwidth performances.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-164).

Errata inserted inside back end-paper. / Bibliography: p. 243-249. / xvi, 249 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / This thesis presents a brief overview of microstrip antenna analysis and describes the connections between spectral and spatial domain periodic Green's functions in integral equation methods. A hybrid formulation is applied to a variety of problems from simple metal strip dipoles to more complicated microstrip geometries. A further development to finite array analysis is described. An improvement in the accuracy of this approximative technique is explored. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 1997

Errata inserted inside back end-paper. / Bibliography: p. 243-249. / xvi, 249 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / This thesis presents a brief overview of microstrip antenna analysis and describes the connections between spectral and spatial domain periodic Green's functions in integral equation methods. A hybrid formulation is applied to a variety of problems from simple metal strip dipoles to more complicated microstrip geometries. A further development to finite array analysis is described. An improvement in the accuracy of this approximative technique is explored. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 1997

Submitted by Lara Oliveira (lara@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-07-06T20:43:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SamantaMH_DISSERT.pdf: 5589913 bytes, checksum: 13f8ab4185b2d9b1c9576d1b7fd6d94b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-07-18T15:04:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SamantaMH_DISSERT.pdf: 5589913 bytes, checksum: 13f8ab4185b2d9b1c9576d1b7fd6d94b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-07-18T15:05:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SamantaMH_DISSERT.pdf: 5589913 bytes, checksum: 13f8ab4185b2d9b1c9576d1b7fd6d94b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T15:05:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SamantaMH_DISSERT.pdf: 5589913 bytes, checksum: 13f8ab4185b2d9b1c9576d1b7fd6d94b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The growing development of telecommunications, especially mobile devices, has intensified related searches the microstrip antennas in recent years since they have unique properties and wide range of applications. The constant demand for lighter and more flexible devices boosted research in wearable technology area where electronics are fully embedded in their fibers. In this context, knitted fabrics have the necessary elasticity to create adaptable and sports parts, enabling high mobility and comfort to its users. The textile antennas are malleable and, therefore, have great utility in applications where rigidity of traditional antennas is considered limiting, as in military use clothing and in the biomedical field. This work aims to study and develop microstrip antennas using knitted fabric based composite fibers, showing the procedures and materials used from the characterization and choice of fabrics to the design, manufacture and testing of the textile antenna. The electrical characterization was carried out using a Vector Network Analyzer (ARV) to obtain the electrical properties (permittivity and tangent losses). Obtaining textile properties (weight, dimensional stability, degree and tensile strength) was made in accordance with the technical standards, using the equipment available at the Department of Textile Engineering at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). The antenna has been designed using the transmission line model of Fortran program developed in accordance with the electrical properties of textile substrates. Subsequently the antenna was designed and simulated in HFSS® (High Frequency Structural Simulator), where radiation patterns are obtained, return loss, the Smith chart, current density and gain. The best simulated result was implemented with tissue disposed knitted in a three-layer structure according to the dimensions designed, and then the antenna is tested using a spectrum analyzer, which were collected data that allowed the manufacture of the letter Smith and graph of return loss. The experimental data were compared with the simulated and the results analyzed according to the literature that support this paper / O crescente desenvolvimento das telecomunicações, principalmente a de dispositivos móveis, têm intensificado as pesquisas relacionadas as antenas de microfita nos últimos anos, visto que estas possuem propriedades singulares, bem como vasta gama de aplicações. A constante procura por dispositivos mais leves e flexíveis impulsionou as pesquisas na área de tecnologia vestível, onde componentes eletrônicos são inteiramente embutidos em suas fibras têxteis. Nesse contexto, os tecidos malha possuem a elasticidade necessária para criar peças adaptáveis e esportivas, permitindo alta mobilidade e conforto aos seus usuários. As antenas têxteis são maleáveis e, por essa razão, têm grande utilidade em aplicações onde a rigidez das antenas tradicionais é considerada uma limitação, como em roupas de uso militar e na área biomédica. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar e desenvolver antenas de microfita utilizando tecido de malha à base de fibras têxteis compostas, mostrando os procedimentos e materiais utilizados desde a caracterização e escolha dos tecidos até o projeto, confecção e testes da antena têxtil. A caracterização elétrica foi realizada através de um Analisador de Redes Vetorial (ARV) para obtenção das propriedades elétricas (permissividade e tangente de perdas). A obtenção das propriedades têxteis (gramatura, estabilidade dimensional, titulação e resistência a tração) foi feita de acordo com as normas técnicas, utilizando os equipamentos disponíveis no Departamento de Engenharia Têxtil da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). A antena foi dimensionada através do modelo da linha de transmissão em programa desenvolvido na linguagem Fortran de acordo com as propriedades elétricas dos substratos têxteis. Posteriormente a antena foi desenhada e simulada no HFSS® (High Frequency Structural Simulator), onde serão obtidos os diagramas de radiação, perda de retorno, densidade de corrente e ganho. O melhor resultado simulado foi implementado com o tecido de malha disposto numa estrutura de três camadas de acordo com as dimensões projetadas e, em seguida, a antena foi testada através de um analisador de espectro, onde foram coletados dados que permitiram a confecção da carta de Smith e gráfico da perda de retorno. Os dados experimentais foram comparados com os simulados e, os resultados analisados de acordo com a literatura especializada que embasam este trabalho / 2017-07-06

Submitted by Lara Oliveira (lara@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-07-04T19:21:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JoséAPM_DISSERT.pdf: 11175477 bytes, checksum: 06a97520ecfb91560a5b33b0a7a17ca7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-07-18T15:03:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JoséAPM_DISSERT.pdf: 11175477 bytes, checksum: 06a97520ecfb91560a5b33b0a7a17ca7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-07-18T15:06:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JoséAPM_DISSERT.pdf: 11175477 bytes, checksum: 06a97520ecfb91560a5b33b0a7a17ca7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T15:07:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoséAPM_DISSERT.pdf: 11175477 bytes, checksum: 06a97520ecfb91560a5b33b0a7a17ca7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The complexity of communication systems drives researches into new types of cheaper and more efficient antennas. Microstrip antennas are planar structures that can be used in various types of applications due to their peculiar characteristics. There are several techniques in the literature to improve the performance of these antennas, among them the use of metasurfaces. The working principle of these structures is similar to a metamaterial, based on constitutive properties, permissiveness and permeability, which are not found in materials in nature, resulting in a negative refractive index. The present work has the objective of analyzing the application of metasurfaces in planar antennas in the range of microwaves, in the frequencies of 1 to 10 GHz that comprise the bands L, S, C and part of band X, through the application of rectangular and circular SRR structures in the patch and ground plane of the antennas. The structures were divided into sizes λ/10, λ/15 and λ/20. The antennas were first analyzed by means of simulation with the commercial software HFSS®, with the simulated results were selected four antennas for manufacturing, of which the measured results of the parameters were obtained in a vector network analyzer, namely: loss of return, Gain and impedance matching. The results of the antennas manufactured were in agreement with the simulations / A complexidade dos sistemas de comunicação impulsionam as pesquisas por novos tipos de antenas mais baratas e eficientes. Antenas de microfita são estruturas planares que podem ser utilizadas em vários tipos de aplicações devido as suas características peculiares. Existem na literatura várias técnicas para melhorar o rendimento dessas antenas, dentre elas se destaca o uso das Metassuperfícies. O princípio de funcionamento dessas estruturas é similar ao de um metamaterial, baseiam-se nas propriedades constitutivas, permissividade e permeabilidade, que não são encontrados em materiais na natureza, resultando em um índice de refração negativo. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a aplicação de estruturas Metassuperfície em antenas planares na faixa de micro-ondas, nas frequências de 1 a 10 GHz que compreendem as bandas L, S, C e parte da banda X, mediante a aplicação das estruturas SRR do tipo retangular e circular no patch e no plano de terra das antenas, as estruturas foram divididas nos tamanhos λ/10, λ/15 e λ/20. As antenas foram primeiramente analisadas por meio de simulação com o software comercial HFSS®, com os resultados simulados foram selecionadas quatro antenas para fabricação, das quais os resultados medidos dos parâmetros foram obtidos em um analisador de redes vetoriais, a saber: perda de retorno, ganho e casamento de impedância. Os resultados das antenas fabricadas apresentaram concordância com as simulações / 2017-07-04