A presente dissertaÃÃo tem como objetivo discutir de que forma a leitura da obra do poeta e dramaturgo inglÃs, William Shakespeare (1564 â 1616), influenciou o projeto literÃrio desenvolvido pela escritora Virginia Woolf (1882 â 1941), buscando, principalmente, estabelecer um diÃlogo comparativo entre o romance Mrs. Dalloway, publicado em 1925, e a tragÃdia Rei Lear, escrita por Shakespeare em 1605. Acreditamos que atravÃs de um processo crÃtico expresso por meio da leitura que Virginia Woolf faz do texto shakespeariano, a voz do bardo inglÃs vai se dissolvendo dentro da escritura da autora e por ela vai sendo assimilada e transformada, ao ponto de se tornar uma voz Ãnica e distinta, a saber, a voz woolfiana. Para tanto, nos pautamos em algumas categorias fundamentais para o processo de anÃlise, como o conceito de tradiÃÃo, cunhado pelo crÃtico e tambÃm poeta T. S. Eliot, em seu texto âTradiÃÃo e talento individualâ (1968); o de intertextualidade, apresentado pela professora Julia Kristeva (1974), com base nas teorias da polifonia e do dialogismo desenvolvidas por Mikhail Bakhtin (2002), alÃm dos conceitos de influÃncia, (des)leitura e de humano, discutidos pelo crÃtico norte-americano Harold Bloom, em seus livros A angÃstia de influÃncia: uma teoria da poesia (1991) e Shakespeare: a invenÃÃo do humano (2000). Com isso em mente, traÃamos nosso percurso comparativo a partir da anÃlise dos dois personagens centrais do romance de Virginia Woolf, Clarissa Dalloway e Septimus Warren Smith, dialogando-os diretamente com as figuras de Lear e de seu bobo da corte. Assim, mostramos de que forma a voz shakespeariana desses personagens vÃo sendo evocadas e transformadas pelos dois protagonistas do romance, constituindo, desse modo, um processo de (des)leitura da peÃa em questÃo. à nesse sentido, portanto, que concluÃmos que a voz shakespeariana de Virginia Woolf à uma voz que, ao mesmo tempo, possui uma consciÃncia das novas necessidades exigidas por seu tempo presente, mas que tambÃm traz consigo o peso de sÃculos de tradiÃÃo, expressos principalmente pelo legado deixado por Shakespeare para a literatura inglesa e universal. / The present dissertation aims at discussing how the reading of the work of the poet and also dramatist William Shakespeare (1564 â 1616) had influenced the literary project developed by the writer Virginia Woolf (1882 â 1941), in order to establish a comparative dialogue between the novel Mrs. Dalloway, published in 1925, and the tragedy King Lear, written by Shakespeare in 1605. We believe that by means of a critical process expressed in the reading Virginia Woolf did about the shakespearean text, the voice of the English bard dissolves into the poetic writing of the author and is assimilated and transformed by it, till the moment it becomes a single and distinct voice, namely, the woolfian voice. To support our analysis, we are based on some fundamental categories such as the concept of tradition discussed by the critic and also poet T. S. Eliot in his essay âTradition and individual talentâ (1968); of intertextuality presented by the professor Julia Kristeva (1974) based on the notions of polyphony and dialogism developed by Mikhail Bakhtin (2002); and the concepts of influence, (mis)reading and of human discussed by the American critic Harold Bloom in his books The anxiety of influence: a theory of poetry (1991) and Shakespeare: the invention of human (2000). With this in mind, we did our comparative analysis focusing on the two protagonists of Virginia Woolfâs novel, Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith, and their dialogue with the characters king Lear and his clown. This way, we intend to show how the shakespearean voice of these two characters are evoked and then transformed by the protagonists of the novel, constituting, therefore, a process of (mis)reading of the play studied. In this sense, we conclude that the shakespearean voice of Virginia Woolf is a voice that, at the same time, is conscious of the new necessities required by her present time and also of the importance of centuries of tradition expressed, mainly, by the legacy left by Shakespeare to English and universal literature.

Monthly δ18O and Sr/Ca records generated from modern and fossil corals from Southwestern Pacific Ocean sites in the Republic of Vanuatu are used to assess the differences in mean climate state, seasonality, and interannual variability between a glacial and interglacial period. The modern coral contains a well-defined annual signal in δ18O and Sr/Ca. The top 40 cm of the coral used in this study has a mean δ18O value of -4.99+/-0.13%VPDB (2σ) and a mean Sr/Ca value of 8.691+/-0.015mmol/mol (2σ). El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events are characterized by positive δ18O and Sr/Ca anomalies, consistent with cooler temperatures and reduced rainfall that typifies ENSO at Vanuatu. The ~12cm long fossil coral is dated to 346 ka + 25, - 9, based on uranium-series analysis and stratigraphic forward modeling, indicating that the fossil coral grew during MIS10 - a glacial period. X-ray diffraction, petrographic inspection, SEM analysis, and geochemical considerations indicate excellent preservation. The mean δ18O value is enriched by 0.74%, and the mean Sr/Ca value is equivalent, compared to the modern coral. Mathematical modeling of Pleistocene mean SST and SSS results in temperature estimates up to ~2˚C warmer and salinity up to ~2 psu saltier than present-day conditions, if seawater Sr/Ca were 1-2% higher in MIS10. Our fossil coral data and modeling results preclude colder SST and lower SSS at Vanuatu during MIS10. Accurate estimates of past values of seawater Sr/Ca remain the largest obstacle to accurately reconstructing past tropical SST using pristine fossil corals. The fossil coral Sr/Ca annual range is similar to the modern range, indicating that seasonal SST ranges were similar, whereas the δ18O annual range is about half that of the modern coral, indicating weaker past seasonal salinity variations. The reduced seasonal SSS variations and increased SSTs near Vanuatu are interpreted as evidence that the SPCZ was displaced from its present location while the fossil coral lived. The geochemical response to El Niño events in the modern coral is observed twice in the fossil coral record, indicating that ENSO-like processes are not unique to interglacial time periods, but characterize the tropical Pacific at least back to MIS 10.

Electronic components, based on current semiconductor technologies and operating in radiation rich environments, suffer degradation of their performance as a result of radiation exposure. Silicon carbide (SiC) provides an alternate solution as a radiation hard material, because of its wide bandgap and higher atomic displacement energies, for devices intended for radiation environment applications. However, the radiation tolerance and reliability of SiC-based devices needs to be understood by testing devices  under controlled radiation environments. These kinds of studies have been previously performed on diodes and MESFETs, but multilayer devices such as bipolar junction transistors (BJT) have not yet been studied. In this thesis, SiC material, BJTs fabricated from SiC, and various dielectrics for SiC passivation are studied by exposure to high energy ion beams with selected energies and fluences. The studies reveal that the implantation induced crystal damage in SiC material can be partly recovered at relatively low temperatures, for damag elevels much lower than needed for amorphization. The implantation experiments performed on BJTs in the bulk of devices show that the degradation in deviceperformance produced by low dose ion implantations can be recovered at 420 oC, however, higher doses produce more resistant damage. Ion induced damage at the interface of passivation layer and SiC in BJT has also been examined in this thesis. It is found that damaging of the interface by ionizing radiation reduces the current gain as well. However, for this type of damage, annealing at low temperatures further reduces the gain. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is today the dielectric material most often used for gate dielectric or passivation layers, also for SiC. However, in this thesis several alternate passivation materials are investigated, such as, AlN, Al2O3 and Ta2O5. These materials are deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) both as single layers and in stacks, combining several different layers. Al2O3 is further investigated with respect to thermalstability and radiation hardness. It is observed that high temperature treatment of Al2O3 can substantially improve the performance of the dielectric film. A radiation hardness study furthermore reveals that Al2O3 is more resistant to ionizing radiation than currently used SiO2 and it is a suitable candidate for devices in radiation rich applications. / QC 20120117

Ion-sensitive field effect transistors (ISFET's) have many advantages than the conventional ion selective electrodes. There exhibt the advantages of small size, fast response and compatible with conventional IC technologies. The general structure of ISFET is the same as that of MOSFET. However, the main difference is that the metal gate in MOSFET is replaced by reference electrode/electrolyte/sensing insulator structure in ISFET. The insulator surface will suffer the change of potential as the sample is immersed into electrolyte, by which, we can measure the pH or other ionic concentration. Amorphous barium titanate (a-BaTiO3) thin film as the pH-sensing layer of the ion-sensitive field-effect transistor is prepared by a sol-gel technique. The stock solution in a concentration about 0.42M is obtained. The barium titanate thin films are deposited on SiO2(1000Å)/p-Si substrates, and the EIS structure is frabricated. The fabrication parameters of BaTiO3 thin films are made up of the thickness of 120-360 nm and the firing temperature between 350¢J and 850¢J. The flat-band voltage(£GVBF) is shifted by C-V measurement. The pH sensitivity is on the downside because the thin films thickness and defect increase. The results reveal the MIS C-V curve. The optimum conditions are found that the annealing temperature is about 350¢J, and the sensitivity of about 59.02 mV/pH with regression of 0.9991. The pH response of 40-59 mV/pH in the range of pH 2-12 exists when the a-BaTiO3 thin film with thickness of about 120-360nm at the firing temperature between 350¢J and 550¢Jare prepared. To decrease the fabrication cost, so the numbers of mask and fabrication steps should be minimized, which are reduced to two from four and 10 from 16 steps. Two masks were used to accomplish a-BaTiO3 gated ISFET. I-V curve shows that the a-BaTiO3 gated ISFET exhibits pH responses of about 38 ~48.7 mV/pH in the linear region(IDS=30 £gA and VDS¡×0.2 V), and -11~-24.8 £gA/pH in the satiation region(VGS=3 V and VDS¡×3.5 V), and the regression of above 0.997 was achieved. Both of C-V and I-V curves revealed the BaTiO3 thin films could be used in the ISFET gate.

Although the government has actively advocating the concept of the ocean-state country promoting sustainable development of fishery resource, there still remains a lack of adequate fishery policy and human resource training program in coherence with the fishery industry. Taiwan¡¦s far sea fishery industry is the earliest pioneer expanding business scope globally. As a result, it shall have the keenest tendency toward digitization. On the contrary, no total-solution for digitization has been ever offered to the fishery industry. This is due to that MIS experts have no knowledge about fishery while fishery experts have no knowledge about Management Information System (MIS). This gap eventually leads to the failure in technology adaptation of fishery industry. This research is based on a strategic analysis study aiming at competitiveness of far sea fishery after digitalization. Six organization competencies are designed and constructed as the framework of the research, relevant information system are later incorporated into the strategic structure. In this industrial scale and case research, six organization competencies, which are competencies in strategy, information, logistic, quality control, and global logistic. It is hoped that the utilization of information system on fishing vessel can help improve the corporate competitiveness by grasping the market changes in time, enhancing corporate effectiveness, and maintaining stable productivity. Furthermore, four recommendations are generated for Company F¡¦s digitalization strategy: 1. Gradually adopt the e-information system according to the corporate digitalization plan to minimize the operation cost. 2. Using the employee needs within the company as the guideline, develop rapid response system and integrate the operation system in order to improve its competitiveness. 3. Fully utilize the science and technology to offset problems caused by lack of manpower. 4. A CEO¡¦s commitment, high-level executives¡¦ insistence, and general employees¡¦ common views are all definitely needed and shared in order to implementing the digitalization strategy. Last, this research proposed the concept of e-fisherman whose intangible assets are to apply the technology when fishing instead of fishing without technological support. An e-revolution definitely needs to be carried out in order to sustain the business and keep competitiveness.

Theoretical modeling of biological response to radiation describes qualitatively and quantitatively the results of radiobiological effects at the molecular, chromosomal, and cellular level. The repair-misrepair (RMR) model is the radiobiological model chosen for our study. It models deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage formation and lesion repair through linear and quadratic processes. Double strand breaks (DSB) are a critical lesion in DNA. With increasing LET, the number of DSB per track traversing the cell nucleus increases. Using a compound Poisson process (CPP), we describe DNA damage formation. Three models were considered: a simple CPP using constant LET, a CPP using a chord length distribution, and a CPP using specific energy distribution. In the two first cases, and for low LET radiation the initial distribution of DSB was well approximated by a Poisson distribution, while for high LET radiation the initial distribution of DSB deviated slightly from a Poisson distribution. In the last case, DSB distribution was much broader than a pure Poisson distribution. Datasets from the literature for seven human cell lines, exhibiting various sensitivities to radiation were analyzed. We compared stochastic, CPP, and CPP using chord length distribution, with deterministic RMR models. For low LET radiation and at high dose rates the stochastic survival results agree well with the deterministic survival results. Also the stochastic model allows for non-linearity at low doses due to the accumulation of sub-lethal damage. At low dose rates deterministic results overestimate the surviving fraction compared to stochastic results. For high LET radiation stochastic and deterministic survival results agree. Stochastic survival results using specific energy distribution diverged from deterministic results by underestimating the surviving fraction at low and high LET radiation. The dose rate sparing curve, representing surviving fraction at a dose of 10Gy vs. dose rate shows that deterministic survival results are consistent with stochastic survival results, using CPP, or CPP with chord length distribution, for low and high dose rate values. Compared to deterministic aspects of DNA damage formation we concluded that stochastic aspects of DNA damage formation and repair using CPP or CPP with chord length distribution are not as prominent as reported in the earlier studies.

Die Arbeit beschreibt die Entwicklung von plasmaunterstützten CVD-Prozessen zur Abscheidung ultradünner (≤10 nm) wolframbasierter Diffusionsbarrieren für die Kupfermetallisierung in integrierten Schaltkreisen. Es wird ein PECVD-Prozess mit der Gaschemie WF₆/N₂/H₂/(Ar) vorgestellt, mit dem amorphe und leitfähige WN_x-Schichten abgeschieden werden. Dabei wird der Prozess umfassend charakterisiert (z.B. Rate, Homogentität, Kantenbedeckung) und die Einflüsse von Parameteränderungen (besonders Gasflussvariationen) auf die Schichteigenschaften untersucht. Ausgewählte Schichtzusammensetzungen, welche den Barriereanforderungen hinsichtlich geringen elektrischen Widerstandes und sehr guter Homogenität über den Wafer entsprachen, wurden im für den praktischen Einsatz relevanten Schichtdickenbereich von 10 nm eingehender untersucht. Dies erfolgte einerseits mikrostrukturell mit GI-XRD, GDOES und TEM zu Schichtzusammensetzung, Kristallisationsverhalten und Schichtstabilität unter Wärmebehandlung in verschiedenen Medien in direktem Kontakt zu Kupfer. Zudem erfolgte die Beurteilung der Diffusionswirkung der WN_x-Schichten mit elektrischen Messverfahren (CV, TVS) über MIS-Strukturen. Auf Grundlage des WN_x-Prozesses wird durch Zugabe von Silan zur Prozessgaschemie die Möglichkeit der Abscheidung einer ternären Zusammensetzung WSiN untersucht. Es erfolgt eine ausführliche Auswertung der Literatur zu verschiedenen WSiN-Abscheideprozessen und eine Wertung der beschriebenen ternären Zusammensetzung in Bezug auf geringen elektrischen Widerstand und thermischer Stabilität. Mit den daraus gewonnenen Erkenntnissen kann ein ternärer Zusammensetzungsbereich von Me-Si-N eingegrenzt werden, der sowohl amorphe Mikrostruktur, niedrigen elektrischen Widerstand und hohe thermische Stabilität garantiert. Der entwickelte PECVD-Prozess mit Silan führte zu einer Si-stabilisierten WN_x-Schicht mit nur geringfügig höherer thermischer Stabilität aber deutlich höheren elektrischen Widerstand. Es wird die Frage diskutiert, ob die Entwicklung einer amorphen ternären Verbindung mit höherer thermischer Stabilität aber zu Lasten des elektrischen Widerstandes notwendig ist, wenn für das Stoffsystem schon eine amorphe binäre Zusammensetzung existiert, die die Anforderungen einer Diffusionsbarriere hinsichtlich hoher Leitfähigkeit und ausreichend hoher thermischer Stabilität erfüllt.

Components of the molecular pathway underlying gonadogenesis in organisms with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) have been retained from genetic sex determination. Furthermore, although much of this network has been conserved, new functions for these genes have evolved in this different mode of sex determination. We find that the transcription factors Sox9 and Dmrt1 and the hormone Mis are involved in the formation of a testis and/or the repression of an ovary at a male-producing temperature. While Mis expression may be maintained by Sox9, the initial upregulation of Mis in the developing testis is most likely modulated by some other upstream factor. Dmrt1 appears to play an upstream role in testis sex determination. We provide evidence that the transcription factor Dax1 and the signaling molecule Wnt4, cloned for the first time in an organism with TSD, play roles in gonadogenesis in both sexes. Finally, we show that the transcription factor FoxL2 and the signaling molecule Rspo1 are involved in the formation of an ovary and/or the repression of a testis at a female-producing temperature. In the first investigation of Rspo1 in any organism exhibiting TSD, we demonstrate it is involved upstream in ovarian sex determination. Complementary to descriptive studies, we optimize a whole organ culture system in which gonad explants develop in vitro for up to three weeks. We show that expression of the sex-determining network in isolated gonads mimics in ovo patterns, revealing an endogenous temperature-sensing mechanism that does not require other embryonic tissues. Ectopic expression of Sox9 reveals a possible positive feedback regulation of Dmrt1. The use of this culture system opens the door to functional manipulation of the gonad at the molecular level and is suitable for a myriad of future studies. This work makes strides in elucidating the molecular network underlying gonadogenesis in an organism exhibiting TSD, and invites investigation of the evolution of gene function. The data lend insight into the changing roles of molecules in sex determination across diverse taxa, and into the evolution of developmental pathways in general. / text

This thesis offers new models for participatory and performative interventions in sites of heritage tourism through a theorized practical engagement. Drawing on both Tourism Studies and Performance Studies, the primary aim of these interventions is to reveal and provoke ways of seeing and using these sites as places of multiple meanings rather than as ones constricted and bounded by normative heritage narratives in their production and management. The experimental phase of the project discussed in the thesis includes three contrasting case studies: GeoQuest, Sardine Street, and Water Walk. These are each analysed and evaluated through my development of a ‘mythogeographic’ framework that includes the performative techniques of layering, rhizomatic interweaving, the making of 'anywheres' and the self-mythologising of the activist. The thesis charts a trajectory through praxis, from developing models for ambulatory, signage-based and ‘mis-guided’ interventions to be undertaken by performance ‘specialists’, towards a dispersal of their tactics for use by heritage tourists in general. It thus describes a related change in the balance of the research methodology from ethnographic participant observation towards practice-as-research (PaR), the latter of which both generated and enacted knowledge and understanding. This PaR took the form of various visits and forays to and across heritage sites and landscape, and also the production of a ‘toolkit’ of handbook, pocketbook, website and online short films for the dispersal of tactics and a strategy that is eventually called ‘counter-tourism’. The thesis thus includes the publications A Sardine Street box of tricks, Counter-tourism: the handbook, Counter-tourism: a pocketbook and the DVD, Tactics for counter-tourism, as well as their fully theorized critical contextualisation. These represent a PaR enquiry that attempts to creatively express my research findings from productions made in the field through a popular form of writing and presentation that is capable of inspiring general, ‘non-specialist’ tourists to make their own performance interventions in heritage sites.

Low resolution pharyngeal manometry is an invasive diagnostic method that has recently been used as a biofeedback device for swallowing rehabilitation. The University of Canterbury Rose Centre uses pharyngeal manometry to diagnose and rehabilitate subjects who suffer from pharyngeal mis-sequencing. Pharyngeal mis-sequencing occurs when pressure is applied simultaneously throughout the pharynx rather than sequentially. Rehabilitation can only be performed in clinic due to the need for specialized equipment and trained staff, and the invasiveness of the test limits the time that can be spent training. As an alternative method to measure the pharyngeal pressure sequence, bioimpedance has been investigated by a previous University of Canterbury Master’s student. A prototype was developed that measured bioimpedance in two locations as a proxy for pharyngeal pressure sequence. The prototype device named GULPS (Guided Utility for Latency in Pharyngeal Swallowing), measured a change in impedance during swallowing. However, the features of this waveform were inconsistent and were not present during every swallow. The frequency of the current that passes through tissue affects its path through the tissue, therefore impacting the measured impedance. To improve the consistency of the impedance measurement, the effect of current injection frequency was investigated. A modular-hardware system was created from the original design to allow testing of different injection frequencies. The hardware was further developed by replacing the method of generating the constant amplitude current injection signal. The improvement to the design resulted in a differently-shaped waveform to that of the previous prototype, including a new feature. This feature is a single peak that occurred in both channels and was reproduced in every swallow. Experimentation showed that the features were not obviously frequency dependent. The separation between the peaks of the two impedance channels was compared with the separation between the two pressure peaks recorded during simultaneous pharyngeal manometry but there was no significant correlation between the two measures of peak-peak separations. Two alternative hardware/signal conditioning changes were trialled: electrical isolation of each channel and a subtraction method, which aims to remove the effect of the changing impedance between the two electrode channels. Electrical isolation of the two channels had no effect on the impedance waveforms. However, the subtraction method produced a different output and requires further investigation as the output was inconsistent. Bluetooth communication was integrated into the GULPS hardware, and a corresponding Android Application (App) was written. The developed App was successful in displaying the impedance measurement output and adds greater user flexibility, allowing the user to interface with the bioimpedance measurement hardware from their tablet or phone. With no measured significant correlation between GULPS and pharyngeal manometry, further research needs to be performed to better relate the features measured by GULPS to those seen during pharyngeal manometry. Until this can be achieved, the GULPS device cannot replace pharyngeal manometry for biofeedback-based rehabilitation of pharyngeal mis-sequencing.