Author: Martin Karlsson & Sebastian Dahlén, students at Karlstad Business School. Keywords: Bank, repo rate, changes, variable mortgage rate, margins, relationship, competition. Problem formulation: How do banks differ in behavior for increases and decreases of the repo rate. Purpose: The paper aims to examine how banks differ in their response to a decrease and increase in the repo rate. Two periods between 2002-2006 and 2010-2014 were studied to compare the competition on the bank market historically. Background: This segment gives a basic understanding on the bank market, interest rates and loans. Method: The study is a quantitative study of data for the floating mortgage rate over two time periods using regressions models. Articles, literature and reports form the basis of the theory segment. Theory: The paper gives a theoretical understanding on how pricing works on the banking market focusing on oligopoly theory. Empirical data: The data sample is based on secondary data retrieved from the banks’ official web sites. Analysis: The results are analyzed in a separate segment to give a better overview. iv Conclusion: The results show a correlation between the banks mortgage rate and the repo rate. The banks responses to decrease and increases of the repo rate differed for the years 2002-2006 and 2010-2014. For the first period banks were keener on decreasing their mortgage rates than increasing. The opposite relationship was found in the second period.

The housing prices have increased in a rapid pace in Stockholm the past decades. Simultaneously, the interest rates have decreased drastically, since the global financial crisis in 2008. The two movements combined have led to higher debt among Swedish households and especially in the capital, Stockholm. This article presents a quantitative research investigating which types of households, based on their social economic profile, will be mostly affected by an increased mortgage rate. The DSR is calculated for each HH, taking in account the amortization regulations introduced in 2016 and 2018. By doing a regression analysis using the DSR as the dependent variable and the socioeconomic factors as independent variables, we find that income and age are the variables with highest significance describing the DSR. Additionally, we investigate the socioeconomic profile of those households that have the highest DSR increment, based on specific cluster made by Insightone. The findings of the paper suggest that four out of 44 types of families have exceptionally higher exposure to the two different mortgage-rate increase scenarios. Three of these four family clusters are young, have children, high income and lives in houses. The remaining family cluster is young, have no children, has low income but is highly educated. / Bostadspriserna har ökat snabbt de senaste åren i Stockholm. Samtidigt har räntan sjunkit jämfört med de nivåerna som var under finanskrisen 2008. Dessa två faktorer kombinerade med varandra har lett till högra bolån bland det svenska folket och främst för de som bor i Stockholm. Denna artikel är en kvantitativ studie som undersöker vilka typer av hushåll baserad på deras socioekonomiska profil som påverkas mest av en ökad bolåneränta. Först räknade vi ut skuldsättningsgrad för varje hushåll. I dessa beräkningar tog vi hänsyn till de nya amorteringskraven som har införts från 206 och framåt. Därefter gjorde vi en regressionsanalys där vårt resultat blev att inkomst, ålder och amortering är de faktorer som påverkar skuldsättningsgrad mest. Senare undersöker vi hur den typiska familjen ser ut där resultatet blev att unga, utan barn, låg inkomst och högutbildade är de som påverkas mest av en ökad bolåneränta.

This diploma thesis deals with financial issues of immovable property acquision. Specifically, the residential property purchase using mortgage. In this context, the suitability of the collateral is being assessed on the basis of a risk assessment. Subsequently, I determine the collateral value of the property using the comparative valuation method. The practical part includes financial records of six banks and an analysis of a selected segment of the residential real estate market. The theoretical part deals with immovable property valuation, the definition of entities in the real estate market and mortgage mechanism. The main output of the practical part is offered mortgage loans comparison and selection the most favourable of them.

Магистерская диссертация посвящена вопросам развития рынка ипотечного кредитования. Целью исследования является разработка и оценка эффективности ипотечного продукта для банка, позволяющего снизить процентные риски, не создавая дополнительных кредитных рисков. Также в работе исследуются факторы спроса и предложения на рынке жилой недвижимости; ключевые драйверы развития банковского кредитования в сегменте ипотеки. В качестве научной новизны предложен методический инструментарий для анализа ипотечной деятельности банков и проведена оценка экономической целесообразности внедрения плавающей ставки по ипотечным кредитам. / The master's thesis is devoted to the development of the mortgage lending market. The purpose of the study is to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a mortgage product for a bank that allows reducing interest rate risks without creating additional credit risks. The paper also examines the factors of supply and demand in the residential real estate market; the key drivers of the development of bank lending in the mortgage segment. As a scientific novelty, the methodological instruments for analyzing the mortgage activity of banks are proposed and the economic feasibility of introducing a floating rate on mortgage loans is evaluated.