In order to solve the College of Engineering and Computer Science facility access problem, an automated system that provides exterior doors with a time schedule and allows authorized users to gain access to the facility after hours was developed. A microcontroller based system has been designed to interface with a personal computer. The system designed within this thesis can be used as a starting point for multiple facility access control systems. This thesis will describe the design, integration, test, and final delivery of a facility access system that incorporates the Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller, a magnetic card swipe reader, and software developed in Microsoft Visual Basic .Net to provide a reliable and robust system for the College of Engineering and Computers Sciences needs.

This thesis deals with different approaches to filtering the signal output of a three axis accelerometerfor free space orientation, that is, finding the orientation of a sensor relative to gravity. Theplatform this orientation system is to be developed for is a low-power, high-efficiency fixed-pointmath microprocessor, therefore efficiency and mathematical operation precision are factors thatalso need to be taken into consideration in this work.This is an exploratory work which goals are to analize potential filtering solutions for free spaceorientation with a three-axis accelerometer, develop a tool to validate the theorical analysis, studythe repercusions of limited precision math on those algorithms and implement a filtering solutionas versatile as possible.The goal of finding the orientation with the output of an accelerometer and without a prioriinformation is deceptively simple: while in relaxed state and within inertial systems the outputof a three axis accelerometer and the direction of gravity is the same, when that hypothesis istaken away measurements output by the accelerometer include both gravity and acceleration dueto external forces applied to the system.The contributions of this thesis are a discussion of potential solutions for free space orientationwith unrestrictive preconditions by use of an accelerometer, and an implementation of such solutionfor the MSP430, popular platform of choice for digital signal processing. The main purposeof such a solution is to improve the precision with which gravity is estimated from the outputof the accelerometer. Potential applications of this work are relative position tracking, mapping,positioning systems (for example, within buildings or vehicles, where any other existing positioningsystem cannot work, such as tunnels for GPS).Instead of just low-pass filtering the output of the accelerometer, estimations to the state ofexternal forces applied to the system and tracking of changes to those forces are presented. Tomodel that system, the Kalman filter and the Particle filter are introduced and analyzed as potentialsolutions.This document includes a discussion of both Kalman and Particle filters, implementation ofa tool to compare and validate the models to estimate gravity, a discussion of the effect of fixedpoint math to those models and an implementation of a gravity estimation algorithm that is typeand plattform agnosic based on the output of a 3-axis accelerometer.All relevant code has been included as an appendix to this work This thesis deals with di_erent approaches to _ltering the signal output of a three axis accelerometer for free space orientation, that is, _nding the orientation of a sensor relative to gravity. The plattform this orientation system is to be developed for is a low-power, high-e_ciency _xed-point math microprocessor, therefore e_ciency and mathematical operation precision are factors that also need to be taken into consideration in this work. This is an exploratory work which goals are to analize potential _ltering solutions for free space orientation with a three-axis accelerometer, develop a tool to validate the theorical analysis, study the repercusions of limited precision math on those algorithms and implement a _ltering solution as versatile as possible. The goal of _nding the orientation with the output of an accelerometer and without a priori information is deceptively simple: while in relaxed state and within inertial systems the output of a three axis accelerometer and the direction of gravity is the same, when that hypothesis is taken away measurements output by the accelerometer include both gravity and acceleration due to external forces applied to the system. The contributions of this thesis are a discussion of potential solutions for free space orientation with unrestrictive preconditions by use of an accelerometer, and an implementation of such solution for the MSP430, popular platform of choice for digital signal processing. The main purpose of such a solution is to improve the precision with which gravity is estimated from the output of the accelerometer. Potential applications of this work are relative position tracking, mapping, positioning systems (for example, within buildings or vehicles, where any other existing positioning system cannot work, such as tunnels for GPS). Instead of just low-pass _ltering the output of the accelerometer, estimations to the state of external forces applied to the system and tracking of changes to those forces are presented. To model that system, the Kalman _lter and the Particle _lter are introduced and analyzed as potential solutions. This document includes a discussion of both Kalman and Particle _lters, implementation of a tool to compare and validate the models to estimate gravity, a discussion of the e_ect of _xed point math to those models and an implementation of a gravity estimation algorithm that is type and plattform agnosic based on the output of a 3-axis accelerometer. All relevant code has been included as an appendix to this work. / Denna avhandling beskriver olika metoder för filtrering av utsignalen från en tre-axlig accelerationsmätare för orientering i ledigt utrymme, det vill säga att finna en sensors orientering iförhållande till tyngdkraften. Den plattform detta orienteringssystem ska utvecklas för är en högeffektivmikro-processor med fixed-point matematik, därför är även matematisk operationsprecisionoch efiektivitet faktorer som måste beaktas i detta arbete.Detta är ett förberedande arbete där målet är att analysera möjliga filtreringslösningar för friutrymmesorientering med en tre-axlig accelerationsmätare, utveckla ett verktyg för att validerateoretisk analys, studera konsekvenserna av att använda begränsad precisionsmatematik både algoritmernaoch implementera en filtreringslösning för mikroprocessorerna.Målet med att finna orienteringen med hjälp av utsignalen från en accelerationsmätare ochutan a priori-information är bedrägligt enkel: I avslappnat tillstånd och inom interna system ärutgången hos en tre-axlig accelerationsmätare och tyngdkraftens riktning densamma, när den hypotesenär borttagen visar mätningar att utgång av accelerometern inkluderar både gravitationoch acceleration pågrund av yttre påfrestningarna påsystemet.Bidragen från denna uppsats är en diskussion om möjliga lösningar för orientering i frittutrymme med orestriktiva förutsättningar genom användning av en accelerationsmätare, och ettgenomförande av en sådan lösning för fixed-point matematik mikrokontrollerna. Det huvudsakligasyftet med en sådan läsning är att förbättra den precision med vilken gravitation uppskattas frånutsignalen från en accelerationsmätare. Potentiella tillämpningar av detta arbete är relativ positionsspårning, kartläggning, positioneringssystem (till exempel inom byggnader eller fordon, därandra befintliga positioneringssystem inte kan arbeta, till exempel tunnlar för GPS).Istället för att bara lågpass-filtrera utsignalen från en accelerationsmätare appliceras uppskattningartill stadiet av yttre krafter påsystemet och spårning av ändringar i dessa krafter presenteras.För att modellera systemet introduceras Kalman-filter och partikelfilter för att analyseras som potentiellalösningar.Det här dokumentet innehåller en diskussion om både Kalman och Partikelfilter, implementationav ett verktyg för att jämföra och validera modeller i syfte att uppskatta gravitationen,en diskussion om effekten av fixed-point matematik för dessa modeller och ett genomförande aven gravitationsuppskattningsalgoritm för mikrokontrollerna utifrån utgången hos en treaxlig accelerometer.Relevant kod finns som bilaga till detta arbete.. Denna avhandling beskriver olika metoder för filtrering av utsignalen från en tre-axlig accelerationsm ätare för orientering i ledigt utrymme, det vill säga att finna en sensors orientering i förhållande till tyngdkraften. Den plattform detta orienteringssystem ska utvecklas för är en högeffektiv mikro-processor med fixed-point matematik, därför är även matematisk operationsprecision och efiektivitet faktorer som måste beaktas i detta arbete. Detta är ett förberedande arbete där målet är att analysera möjliga filtreringslösningar för fri utrymmesorientering med en tre-axlig accelerationsmätare, utveckla ett verktyg för att validera teoretisk analys, studera konsekvenserna av att använda begränsad precisionsmatematik både algoritmerna och implementera en filtreringslösning för mikroprocessorerna. Målet med att finna orienteringen med hjälp av utsignalen från en accelerationsmätare och utan a priori-information är bedrägligt enkel: I avslappnat tillstånd och inom interna system är utgången hos en tre-axlig accelerationsmätare och tyngdkraftens riktning densamma, när den hypotesen är borttagen visar mätningar att utgång av accelerometern inkluderar både gravitation och acceleration pågrund av yttre påfrestningarna påsystemet. Bidragen från denna uppsats är en diskussion om möjliga lösningar för orientering i fritt utrymme med orestriktiva förutsättningar genom användning av en accelerationsmätare, och ett genomförande av en sådan lösning för fixed-point matematik mikrokontrollerna. Det huvudsakliga syftet med en sådan läsning är att förbättra den precision med vilken gravitation uppskattas från utsignalen från en accelerationsmätare. Potentiella tillämpningar av detta arbete är relativ positionssp årning, kartläggning, positioneringssystem (till exempel inom byggnader eller fordon, där andra befintliga positioneringssystem inte kan arbeta, till exempel tunnlar för GPS). Istället för att bara lågpass-filtrera utsignalen från en accelerationsmätare appliceras uppskattningar till stadiet av yttre krafter påsystemet och spårning av ändringar i dessa krafter presenteras. För att modellera systemet introduceras Kalman-filter och partikelfilter för att analyseras som potentiella lösningar. Det här dokumentet innehåller en diskussion om både Kalman och Partikelfilter, implementation av ett verktyg för att jämföra och validera modeller i syfte att uppskatta gravitationen, en diskussion om effekten av fixed-point matematik för dessa modeller och ett genomförande av en gravitationsuppskattningsalgoritm för mikrokontrollerna utifrån utgången hos en treaxlig accelerometer. Relevant kod finns som bilaga till detta arbete.. / Este documento presenta y discute diferentes soluciones para filtrar la señal de salida de un acelerómetro triaxial con el objetivo de conocer su orientación en el espacio libre, es decir, estimar la orientacifion del senson en relación con la gravedad. La plataforma sobre la cual estos algoritmos han de ser desplegados es un microcontrolador de bajo consumo y alta eficiencia, TI MSP430, por ello, la eficiencia y la precisión de las operaciones matemáticas en los diferentes algoritmos son también tratadas en este documento. Éste es un trabajo de exploración cuyos objectivos son el análisis de soluciones para el filtrado de la señal de un acelerómetro triaxial, el desarrollo de una herramienta para la validación del análisis teórico, el estudio de la repercusión sobre los algoritmos de filtrado de la limitada precisión en las operaciones matemáticas, y la implementación de una solución de filtrado para el microcontrolador MSP430 de Texas Instruments. Encontrar la orientación de un sensor con la señal de salida de un acelerómetro es un abjetivo relativamente complejo: mientras el sensor están estacionario, la señal de salida es la orientación, pero cuando fuerzas externas son aplicadas sobre el sensor, estas fuerzas contribuyen como ruido al problema que se presenta. Las contribuciones de este documento son una discusión sobre potenciales soluciones para el filtrado de la señal de un acelerómetro triaxial para la orientación en el espacio libre, y una implementación de una solución para el microcontrolador MSP430, plataforma popular para el proceso digital de señales. La principal misión de esta implementación es la mejora de la precisión con la que se estima la dirección de la gravedad mediante el uso de un acelerómetro triaxial. Aplicaciones potenciales están relacionadas con seguimiento de posición, mapeado, sistemas de posicionamiento (por ejemplo, dentro de vehiculos o edificios donde otros sistemas no funcionarían, como por ejemplo GPS en un túnel). En lugar de un simple filtro paso bajo para eliminar el ruido introducido por fuerzas externas, estimaciones del estado de las fuerzas externas y filtros para el seguimiento de las mismas son presentados en este documento. Para modelar dicho sistema, se introcucen el filtro de Kalman y el filtro de Partículas, y ambos se analizan como soluciones para este problema. Este documento incluye una discusión de ambos tros, la implementacion de una herramienta de validación para los mismos, anfialisis del efecto de la introducción de álgebra de punto fijo sobre los modelos, y una implementacion del sistema para el MSP430 de Texas Instruments. El código relevante de este trabajo se incluye como apéndice a este trabajo.

The FITkit platform incorporates an embedded system which enables students to create and implement complex designs not only of software projects but also of hardware projects or complete applications. So it is very important to invent and implement methods that can be used for testing the system during its whole life cycle. This thesis is engaged in testing the FITkit. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to familiarizing with the FITkit and its whole architecture. Terminology description and analysis of the dilemmas in testing can be found in the next part of the thesis. Further follows description of methods and procedures for testing the FITkit platform. A part of the thesis is a design of a testing application and description of its practical realization.

The goal of this master's thesis is to provide an introduction to MSP430 microcontrollers and to design a simulator of these microcontrollers, focusing on easy implementation of extensions using peripherals. After a short introduction, the MSP430 microcontrollers are briefly described, including their internal peripherals and the formats used to store the binary executable code. The thesis continues with a  description of discrete event simulation using the DEVS formalism. Based on previous chapters, the new simulator (consisting of a simulation core, graphical user interface and library for MSP430 microcontroller simulation)  is designed and implemented. The implementation is tested by comparison with real microcontroller and in the end of the thesis, there is a summary and evaluation of the implemented simulator.

An ECG (electrocardiogram) simulator is an electronic tool that plays an essential role in the testing, design, and development of ECG monitors and other ECG equipment. Principally an ECG simulator provides ECG monitors with an electrical signal that emulates the human heart's electrical signal so that the monitor can be tested for reliability and important diagnostic capabilities. However, the current portable commercially available ECG simulators are lacking in their ability to fully test ECG monitors. Specifically, the portable simulators presently on the market do not produce authentic ECG signals but rather they endeavor to create the ECG signals mathematically. They even attempt to mathematically create arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats of which there are many different types). Arrhythmia detection is an important capability for any modern ECG monitor because arrhythmias are often the critical link to the diagnosis of heart conditions or cardiovascular disease. The focus of this thesis is the design and implementation of a portable ECG simulator. The important innovation of this prototype simulator is that it will not create its ECG signals mathematically, but rather it will store ECG data files on a memory module and use this data to produce an authentic ECG signal. The data files will consist of different types of ECG signals including different types of arrhythmias. The data files are obtained via the internet and require formatting and storing onto a memory chip. These files are then processed by a digital to analog converter and output on a four lead network to produce an authentic ECG signal. The system is built around the ultra-low power Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία πραγματεύεται τη μελέτη και κατασκευή μιας διάταξης που παρακολουθεί συνεχώς τη θέση του ήλιου στον ουρανό και στρέφει αντίστοιχα ένα φωτοβολταϊκό πάνελ κατά τέτοιο τρόπο ώστε να μεγιστοποιείται η ένταση της ηλιακής ακτινοβολίας που προσπίπτει σε αυτό και επομένως και η ενεργειακή του απόδοση (solar tracker). Προκειμένου να πραγματοποιηθεί η εφαρμογή, το ίδιο το φωτοβολταϊκό πάνελ χρησιμοποιήθηκε ως ανιχνευτής της θέσης του ήλιου στον ουρανό απλουστεύοντας έτσι την κατασκευή και μειώνοντας το κόστος της καθώς δεν χρειάστηκαν επιπλέον αισθητήρες. Συγκεκριμένα, ανά τακτά χρονικά διαστήματα δειγματοληπτούνταν η τιμή της τάσης στα άκρα του φωτοβολταϊκού πάνελ από τον μικροελεγκτή msp430F169 της εταιρείας texas instruments, αποθηκεύονταν στους καταχωρητές του και αφού μετατρεπόταν το σήμα από αναλογικό σε ψηφιακό συγκρινόταν με τις προηγούμενες τιμές. Ανάλογα με το αποτέλεσμα της σύγκρισης, ο μικροελεγκτής έδινε εντολή στον κινητήρα που κατεύθυνε το φωτοβολταϊκό πάνελ να κινηθεί στην αντίστοιχη κατεύθυνση. Η διαδικασία επαναλαμβανόταν μέχρις ότου βρεθεί το σημείο εκείνο όπου η τάση στα άκρα του γίνεται μέγιστη. Το σύστημα που κατασκευάσαμε περιλαμβάνει κίνηση γύρω από έναν άξονα. Συγκεκριμένα παρακολουθεί την αζιμουθιακή κίνηση του ήλιου ξεκινώντας από την ανατολή (Earth) και καταλήγοντας στη δύση (West). / The present thesis deals with the study and construction of a solar tracker that constantly detects the sun position to the sky and directs correspondingly a photovoltaic panel in order to maximize the intensity of solar radiation prostrating to it and as a result, its energy performance as well. In order the application to be realized, the same photovoltaic panel was used as detector of the sun position to the sky, simplifying the construction and reducing its cost, as no further sensors were required. Particularly, the point-to-point voltage value of the photovoltaic panel was regularly sampled by the microcontroller msp430F169 of the Texas Instruments Company, it was saved to the register, and after the signal was being converted from analog to digital, it was being compared to the previous value. Depending on the result of the comparison, the microcontroller ordered the motor directing the photovoltaic panel to move across the corresponding direction. The process was being repeated until a point was found were the point-to-point voltage value was the maximum. The system created includes motion around one axis. Particularly, it observes the azimuthal solar motion starting from East and ending to West

Most major cell phone manufacturers have been releasing cell phones equipped with Near Field Communication (NFC). At the same time there is also increasing use of mobile payments and user verification with the use of the NFC technology. These trends indicate both the increasing popularity and great potential for increased use of NFC in today’s society. As a result NFC has a huge potential to simplify our everyday tasks, ranging from paying for items to accessing our office or home. In this context we will focus on using NFC together with a Power over Ethernet (PoE) powered circuit board and NFC reader to realize a simple system for granting access to open a locked door. One of the purposes of this realization is to explore what services can be realized when such a system is connected to the home/building network and connected to the Internet. A second purpose is to learn how to use network attached devices, as the concept of the Internet of Things is considered by many to be a driving force in the next generation Internet. This project uses very in expensive and low power hardware, as the number of devices is potentially very large and thus in order to minimize the technology’s impact on the environment we must consider how to minimize the power used – while maintaining the desired user functionality. This bachelor’s thesis project made it possible for a PoE powered circuit board containing a MSP430 microcontroller to work along with a NFC reader, which was connected through the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI). We hope that the end result of this project will lead to a simpler life by exploiting this increasingly ubiquitous technology. For example, a homeowner could send a one-time key to a repair person who is coming to fix their sink. Similarly a homeowner could send a key to their neighbor which is valid for two weeks so that their neighbor could come into their home to water the plants while they are away on vacation. Another example is lending your apartment key to a friend while you are out of town. / Det blir allt vanligare med närfältskommunikation (NFC) i dagens samhälle, mobiltelefons-tillverkarna börjar utveckla nya telefoner med NFC teknik inbyggd, samtidigt som användningen av NFC ökat. Det sker även en utveckling inom mobila betalningar och användar-verifiering med användning av NFC, då NFC förenklar detta. Med detta sagt kommer vi att arbeta med detta i detta kandidatexamens-arbete där vi fokuserar på NFC samt Power over Ethernet som använder MSP430 chippet som kärna. Med dessa enheter kombinerade kommer en enkel rörelse med ett NFC kort över en NFC läsare som sedan skall ge åtkomst till en låst dörr. Detta i större kombination med en Internetuppkoppling kunna ge ägaren möjligheten att kunna skicka ut dörrnycklar till andra användare. I detta kandidatexamensarbete gjorde vi det möjligt för ett PoE kretskort bestående av ett MPS430 mikroprocessor att samarbeta med en NFC läsare genom SPI protokollet. Genom att utveckla detta projekt hoppas vi att vårt slutresultat leder till en enklare delning av nycklar med hjälp av denna teknologi.

Increasing the complexity of modern electronic systems leads to Electronic System Level (ESL) modeling concept, which supports hardware and software co-design and co-verification environment in a single framework. SystemC language, which is an IEEE approved electronic design standard for system design and verification processes, provides such an environment by supporting a wide range of abstraction levels from system-level to register-transfer level (RTL). In this thesis, two different models of a processor core, whose instruction set architecture (ISA) is compatible with 16-bit TI MSP430 microcontroller, are designed by employing the classical hardware modeling capability of the SystemC language. With its well-designed orthogonal instruction set, elegant addressing modes, useful constant generators and flexible von-Neumann architecture, 16-bit RISC-like processor of the MSP430 microcontroller is an ideal selection for the system-on-a-chip (SoC) designs. Instruction set and addressing modes of the designed processors are simulated thoroughly. In addition, original 16-bit and 32-bit cyclic redundancy code (CRC) programs are used in order to verify the processor cores. In this study, SystemC to hardware flow is also illustrated by synthesizing the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) part of the processor into a Xilinx-based hardware.

Το αντικείμενο της εργασίας είναι ο υπολογισμός του καρδιακού και αναπνευστικού παλμού με επεξεργασία του σήματος που λαμβάνεται με χρήση πιεζοηλεκτρικού αισθητήρα. Ο αισθητήρας είναι τοποθετημένος στον λαιμό και ανιχνεύει ένα σήμα που περιλαμβάνει τόσο τον καρδιακό, όσο και τον αναπνευστικό ρυθμό. Η δειγματοληψία και μετατροπή του σήματος σε ψηφιακό γίνεται με χρήση του microcontroller MSP430F149 ο οποίος προγραμματίζεται κατάλληλα για το σκοπό αυτό. Το ψηφιακό αυτό σήμα επεξεργάζεται με κατωδιαβατό φίλτρο πεπερασμένης κρουστικής απόκρισης προκειμένου να αποκοπούν οι υψηλές συχνότητες και υπολογίζεται η ενέργεια του προκύπτοντος σήματος. Εν συνεχεία με χρήση του FFT, και κατάλληλων φίλτρων γίνεται ο διαχωρισμός του σήματος σε αναπνοής και καρδιακού ρυθμού. / -

The objective of this thesis is design of the universal USB measuring module for virtual instrumentation. The module is connected to PC via USB interface. The module have analog inputs and analog outputs. The inputs have some switchable ranges, adjustable high-pass and low-pass fiters. Also the module have the digital input-output unit with 8 channels with configurable data direction and voltage level. Physical layer for digital serial interfaces SPI/UART and I2C is also part of this unit. The module is able to communicate with LabVIEW enviroment. The teoretical part contains survey of the commercial USB modules for data acquisition and generation from various manufacturers with its basic parameters. Some selected modules are described in detail. Furthermore the thesis deals with possibilities of connecting the USB module with the LabVIEW enviroment. The practical part deals with the design of input-output circuits and with design of the module itself. Furthemore, tho communication protocol, utility library and demonstration LabVIEW software are described in this part. At the end of this part, there are results of verification measurements. The result of this thesis is completed universal USB measuring module with utility library and demonstration program.