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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

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Thesis--Vienna. / Bibliography: p. iv-vii.

Fragments of hundreds of Mycenaean kylikes (a common Late Helladic ceramic, drinking vessel) have been found in the ash altar of the Sanctuary of Zeus at Mt. Lykaion. In this thesis, I conduct a distribution analysis of the Mycenaean kylix to gain a better understanding of Mt. Lykaion in the Late Helladic period and its association with/within the larger region. I look critically at the cache of kylix sherds recovered from the altar from 2007-2010 and compare it against assemblages of kylikes from other Late Helladic sites in the Peloponnese. To that end, I hope to start a discussion about who was consuming the pottery found at the site, where they were coming from, and whether or not they were bringing the vessels with them. This thesis will largely be dependent on a typological study of the Mycenaean kylix. As such, there are limitations as to how much can be gleaned from typology alone. I imagine though that my research could lend itself to subsequent work that would go on to encompass archaeometric methods of analysis, like zircon or clay sourcing, for the provenancing of ceramics from Mt. Lykaion.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University / Located in Southwestern Arkadia (Greece) next to the Alpheios River, Palaiokastro (ancient Bouphagion) was first examined by Pierre Charnuex and Renee Ginouves of the French School at Athens in the mid-1950's. Their investigations recorded Classical fortification walls at Palaiokastro and a Mycenaean cemetery nearby. This thesis presents data acquired from an re-examination of the site of Palaiokastro and a survey of the surrounding landscape in the summer of 1992, in addition to a study of relevant historical documents. These archaeological and historical data are analysized to determine the socio-economic factors involved in the occupation of Palaiokastro in both the Mycenaean and Classical periods. In addition, studies on trade, transportation, and communication during both periods are employed to generate theoretical models of interaction between the site and its surrounding region. It is concluded that the Mycenaean and Classical occupation of Palaiokastro exploited the transportation route that existed along the Alpheios River, yet for different reasons. The Mycenaean settlement was established to protect an existing trade route vital to the Mycenaean exchange system. The Classical site was refortified as a frontier fortress of Megalopolis at a strategic location along the Alpheios River. The differences in settlement patterns were dictated by the socioeconomic context of each period. The kingdom of Pylos was a integrated society controlled by a hierarchical administration controlling regional interaction. Classical Arkadia was littered with self-sufficient communities trading as individual societies.

Cyclopean masonry, used to construct the LH III fortifications on mainland Greece, has been broadly defined as being of large irregular-shaped blocks, commonly of local limestone, unworked or roughly dressed and assembled without mortar, but with small stones set in interstices. Unfortunately, this is the extent to which this masonry has been defined, leaving unanswered questions concerning building style, engineering techniques, and the amount of labour invested in the projects. The heavily fortified palatial/residential complexes of Mycenaean Greece have often been considered the result of an unsettled and aggressive society; however, an investigation into the types and location of the various structures suggest that the walls were designed to conspicuously display wealth. Cyclopean stonework is not confined to the citadels, but includes the elaborate drainage project of the Copais and a system of road networks, both which would suggest a high level of cooperation between communities. Indeed, calculations made in considering resource availability demonstrate that fortifications exceeded all defensive requirements and were probably constructed in then- initial form as part of a programme promoting and strengthening the status of the state through a display of its wealth in large scale building programmes. These monumental fortifications are often believed to have then- origins elsewhere in the Aegean, Cyprus, or the Near East; however, the evidence points to an independent development on mainland Greece. Features of the fortifications are analysed and compared to earlier and contemporary forms of Aegean, Cypriote, and Near Eastern structures in order to understand similarities and/or differences in construction, with a particular emphasis on those structures outside the Greek mainland that have been labelled as "Cyclopean". The conclusion reached is that in each geographical region the fortifications form a distinct group. In order to determine the origins of Cyclopean masonry on the Greek mainland, Cyclopean structures other than fortifications are studied and the masonry style is classified into a typology for an understanding of differences in regional work or date. This information is then used to understand Mycenaean social complexity, defined as the resultant behaviours of individuals or groups functioning within a larger collective assembly whose attitudes and actions, either directly or indirectly, affect the larger community, and to show how previous notions of an aggressive and warring society maybe inaccurate. Although the Mycenaean culture may have been competitive, its means for competition and displays of wealth could only have been achieved through cooperative measures.

The Mycenaean cemetery at Kallithea Laganidia is the first comprehensive study of a cemetery sample from the periphery of the Mycenaean world. Previous studies have focused primarily on remains from palace centers. Even though it is known that the Mycenaeans populated Achaea , very little is known about this more rural population. Archaeologically and bioarchaeologically the region of Achaea has been neglected by formal and organized research, and as a result almost nothing is known about the population. This project has three aims. First, to provide new demographic data about sex, age, health, and the culture of these Mycenaeans. Secondly, via osteological analysis, to examine the hypothesis that the social stratification indicated by the associated grave goods in the tombs is reflected in the spatial orientation of each tomb and the health status of the individuals buried in the graves. Finally, to address the issue of “orphaned” archaeological collections, excavated in rescue operations, which then languish in storage for years or decades. The Kallithea Laganidia cemetery was in use from LHIIIA to LHIIIC and consists of one tholos and 23 chamber tombs. The tholos is a monumental high status tomb, and was in use both before and after the construction and use of the chamber tombs. Five of the chamber tombs were selected as a representative sample of the cemetery for this thesis. The tombs contained both men and women, and adults and children were represented among the tombs, indicating that they should provide a reasonable cross section of the population that buried their dead at Kallithea Laganidia. This osteological data showed and confirmed that the status differences seen in the grave goods from the tombs are also reflected in the tombs according to spatial distribution. The varying quality of burial offerings among the tombs of Kallithea Laganidia suggest that the tombs closer to the tholos contain burials of the socially elite, and the tombs farther away from the tholos contain burials of lower social classes. The pathology data collected, and more specifically the dental pathology data, do reflect social stratification among the sample’s five tombs, particularly when looking at antemortem tooth loss and severe dental wear. In addition, there are indications of status or behaviour differences between the sexes. Kallithean women seem to have been exposed to infection during life more often than men. Women have higher rates of infectious disease, and indications of more antemortem cranial trauma than men. Also, the presence of men, women, and children among secondary burials within these tombs suggested that there is a familial or linear tie within each tomb. The Kallithea Laganidia cemetery has the potential to yield new and informative data about the Achaean Mycenaean population. From this small sampling of 38 burials from five tombs, already the demography and paleopathology of this peripheral group is beginning to be deciphered.