Dans les régions nordiques, les changements climatiques sur les milieux terrestres auront des conséquences encore peu connues sur les écosystèmes aquatiques. La fonte du pergélisol et le changement de la composition végétale auront pour effets de libérer des concentrations élevées de matière organique allochtone vers les écosystèmes aquatiques. Cette matière organique dissoute colorée (CDOM) joue un rôle majeur dans l'atténuation de l'éclairement subaquatique. Cette étude s'intéresse aux effets optiques de la qualité et de la quantité du CDOM en système estuarien nordique. Le CDOM des systèmes d'estuaires de la Grande Rivière de la Baleine et du fleuve Mackenzie a été caractérisé par absorption et par fluorescence synchrone. Ces analyses ont révélé des différences fondamentales entre ces deux systèmes en terme de qualité et de quantité de CDOM. Cependant, une signature de fluorescence particulière a été mise en évidence pour le CDOM nordique, celle-ci étant plus constante que les propriétés d'absorption du CDOM. L'importance optique du CDOM dans l'atténuation de la radiation solaire a été observée dans le système estuarien du fleuve Mackenzie, rivière reconnue pour l'influence des particules sur l'éclairement subaquatique. Les stratégies pigmentaires, la composition du phytoplancton et la production primaire ont également été mesurés. Le CDOM et la matière particulaire contrôlaient l'éclairement dans le visible (400-700 nm), mais seule le CDOM affectait la radiation ultraviolette (<400 nm). Contrairement à la matière particulaire, l'effet optique du CDOM fluvial était mesurable même au-delà de l'épanchement du fleuve Mackenzie, sur le plateau de la Mer de Beaufort. L'impact d'un accroissement de la concentration de CDOM allochtone sur la production primaire a été mesuré dans le système d'estuaire de la Grande Rivière de la Baleine. Les analyses par modélisation ont montré que les modifications du régime spectral affectent la quantité d'éclairement disponible pour la photosynthèse, la profondeur de la zone euphotique, ainsi que le couplage spectral du phytoplancton. En utilisant l'approche expérimentale, les paramètres photosynthétiques ont été mesurés sous un régime spectral modifié par une concentration accrue de CDOM allochtone. Ceci a permis de démontrer que de hautes concentrations de CDOM contribuent à une réduction significative de la production primaire dans la colonne d'eau.

A pesquisa das contribuições dos arquitetos estrangeiros (Jacques Pilon, Franz Heep, Lucjan Korngold e Giancarlo Palanti) nos projetos de edifícios de escritórios na cidade de São Paulo, no período de 1930-1960, partiu de um procedimento metodológico que utilizou dois elementos principais: a revisão da historiografia recente e a identificação das obras através do cruzamento das informações de novas fontes primárias do Acervo de Projetos da Biblioteca da FAUUSP. O primeiro capítulo objetiva a compreensão das contribuições dos edifícios de escritórios na verticalização do centro de São Paulo, através da identificação das obras pioneiras e de seus paralelos com a arquitetura norte americana, das contribuições específicas daqueles arquitetos estrangeiros no contexto das grandes transformações urbanas ocorridas no período e dos desafios técnicos no desenvolvimento do concreto armado. O segundo capítulo apresenta a contribuição dos arquitetos estrangeiros diretamente nos projetos, identificando uma morfologia através da análise da implantação e volumetria, do pavimento térreo e dos acessos, da circulação e das instalações, do pavimento tipo, da estrutura e dos vedos: massa, caixilhos, grelhas, brises e pele de vidro. O terceiro capítulo esboça a prática e as relações profissionais desses arquitetos e de seus colaboradores, estrangeiros ou não, bem como o ensino de projeto dentro dos seus escritórios e o papel do detalhamento na produção e formação desses colaboradores. / ALMEIDA, Moracy Amaral e. Pilon, Heep, Korngold e Palanti: office buildings (1930-1960). Thesis, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 2015. ABSTRACT The research on foreign architects (Jacques Pilon, Franz Heep, Lucjan Korngold and Giancarlo Palanti) contributions to the office buildings projects in the city of São Paulo, from 1930 to 1960, came from a methodological procedure. It used two main elements: the review of the recent historiography and the identification of works by crossing the information of new primary sources of FAUUSP Library Archives . The first chapter\'s objective is to understand the contribution of the office buildings to the verticalization center of São Paulo, through the identification of the pioneers architects and their works in comparison to the North American architecture, the specific contributions of those foreign architects during a large urban transformation and the technical challenges in the development process of reinforced concrete. The second chapter presents the contribution of foreign architects directly to the projects, identifying a morphology by analyzing the site plans and volumetry, the ground floor and access paths, circulation and installations, pavement type, structure and envelopment: mass, frames, grilles, louvers and curtain wall. The third chapter outlines the practice and professional relationships of these architects and their collaborators, foreigners or not, as well the design teaching at their offices and the relevance of the detail in the development and training of these team.

Esta dissertação pretende discutir a unidade e a pluralidade no meio arquitetônico paulista, a partir de suas redes de sociabilidade, espaços de profissionalização e movimentações críticas, tendo como material primário as revistas especializadas publicadas na cidade no período de 1945 a 1965. Trata-se de percorrer a dupla direção das relações entre um grupo intelectual - uma parcela de arquitetos atuantes na cidade - e suas manifestações, procurando traçar o espaço particular no qual se desenvolveram parte de seus laços profissionais, de suas trocas culturais e ideológicas, e de seus posicionamentos projetuais. Operando na intersecção entre espaço urbano, organizações culturais, instituições profissionais e acadêmicas, o primeiro capítulo procura traçar as redes de sociabilidade dos arquitetos em São Paulo. O segundo capítulo busca percorrer os meandros da crítica paulista - suas aproximações, desarticulações, rupturas e deslocamentos críticos - a partir de seus diálogos internos e dos diversos olhares lançados sobre a arquitetura contemporânea no Brasil, principalmente aquela produzida no Rio de Janeiro. Por fim, o terceiro capítulo é uma tentativa de aproximação das interlocuções projetuais entre os arquitetos locais através da análise de alguns dos concursos de arquitetura realizados em São Paulo no período e que encontraram eco nas revistas de arquitetura locais. / This work intends to discuss the unity and plurality of the architectonic environment of São Paulo, through their social networks, professional spaces and critical movements, using as primary source some specialized magazines, published in the city between 1945 and 1965. The study will investigate the relationship between an intellectual group - a parcel of architects working in São Paulo - and its manifestations, seeking to understand the particular space in which some of its professional ties, cultural and ideological exchanges, and projetual attitudes were developed. The first chapter seeks to outline the social networks of those architects, through the intersection of urban space, cultural, professional and academic institutions. The second chapter studies the local criticism - their intellectual approaches, disarticulations, fractures and dislocations - across their inner dialogues and their different looks launched on Brazilian contemporary architecture, especially the one produced in Rio de Janeiro. Finally, the third chapter aims to approach the projectual dialogues between the local architects through the analysis of some architectural competition held in São Paulo in the period and that found an echo in local architecture magazines.

A pesquisa das contribuições dos arquitetos estrangeiros (Jacques Pilon, Franz Heep, Lucjan Korngold e Giancarlo Palanti) nos projetos de edifícios de escritórios na cidade de São Paulo, no período de 1930-1960, partiu de um procedimento metodológico que utilizou dois elementos principais: a revisão da historiografia recente e a identificação das obras através do cruzamento das informações de novas fontes primárias do Acervo de Projetos da Biblioteca da FAUUSP. O primeiro capítulo objetiva a compreensão das contribuições dos edifícios de escritórios na verticalização do centro de São Paulo, através da identificação das obras pioneiras e de seus paralelos com a arquitetura norte americana, das contribuições específicas daqueles arquitetos estrangeiros no contexto das grandes transformações urbanas ocorridas no período e dos desafios técnicos no desenvolvimento do concreto armado. O segundo capítulo apresenta a contribuição dos arquitetos estrangeiros diretamente nos projetos, identificando uma morfologia através da análise da implantação e volumetria, do pavimento térreo e dos acessos, da circulação e das instalações, do pavimento tipo, da estrutura e dos vedos: massa, caixilhos, grelhas, brises e pele de vidro. O terceiro capítulo esboça a prática e as relações profissionais desses arquitetos e de seus colaboradores, estrangeiros ou não, bem como o ensino de projeto dentro dos seus escritórios e o papel do detalhamento na produção e formação desses colaboradores. / ALMEIDA, Moracy Amaral e. Pilon, Heep, Korngold e Palanti: office buildings (1930-1960). Thesis, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 2015. ABSTRACT The research on foreign architects (Jacques Pilon, Franz Heep, Lucjan Korngold and Giancarlo Palanti) contributions to the office buildings projects in the city of São Paulo, from 1930 to 1960, came from a methodological procedure. It used two main elements: the review of the recent historiography and the identification of works by crossing the information of new primary sources of FAUUSP Library Archives . The first chapter\'s objective is to understand the contribution of the office buildings to the verticalization center of São Paulo, through the identification of the pioneers architects and their works in comparison to the North American architecture, the specific contributions of those foreign architects during a large urban transformation and the technical challenges in the development process of reinforced concrete. The second chapter presents the contribution of foreign architects directly to the projects, identifying a morphology by analyzing the site plans and volumetry, the ground floor and access paths, circulation and installations, pavement type, structure and envelopment: mass, frames, grilles, louvers and curtain wall. The third chapter outlines the practice and professional relationships of these architects and their collaborators, foreigners or not, as well the design teaching at their offices and the relevance of the detail in the development and training of these team.

Esta dissertação pretende discutir a unidade e a pluralidade no meio arquitetônico paulista, a partir de suas redes de sociabilidade, espaços de profissionalização e movimentações críticas, tendo como material primário as revistas especializadas publicadas na cidade no período de 1945 a 1965. Trata-se de percorrer a dupla direção das relações entre um grupo intelectual - uma parcela de arquitetos atuantes na cidade - e suas manifestações, procurando traçar o espaço particular no qual se desenvolveram parte de seus laços profissionais, de suas trocas culturais e ideológicas, e de seus posicionamentos projetuais. Operando na intersecção entre espaço urbano, organizações culturais, instituições profissionais e acadêmicas, o primeiro capítulo procura traçar as redes de sociabilidade dos arquitetos em São Paulo. O segundo capítulo busca percorrer os meandros da crítica paulista - suas aproximações, desarticulações, rupturas e deslocamentos críticos - a partir de seus diálogos internos e dos diversos olhares lançados sobre a arquitetura contemporânea no Brasil, principalmente aquela produzida no Rio de Janeiro. Por fim, o terceiro capítulo é uma tentativa de aproximação das interlocuções projetuais entre os arquitetos locais através da análise de alguns dos concursos de arquitetura realizados em São Paulo no período e que encontraram eco nas revistas de arquitetura locais. / This work intends to discuss the unity and plurality of the architectonic environment of São Paulo, through their social networks, professional spaces and critical movements, using as primary source some specialized magazines, published in the city between 1945 and 1965. The study will investigate the relationship between an intellectual group - a parcel of architects working in São Paulo - and its manifestations, seeking to understand the particular space in which some of its professional ties, cultural and ideological exchanges, and projetual attitudes were developed. The first chapter seeks to outline the social networks of those architects, through the intersection of urban space, cultural, professional and academic institutions. The second chapter studies the local criticism - their intellectual approaches, disarticulations, fractures and dislocations - across their inner dialogues and their different looks launched on Brazilian contemporary architecture, especially the one produced in Rio de Janeiro. Finally, the third chapter aims to approach the projectual dialogues between the local architects through the analysis of some architectural competition held in São Paulo in the period and that found an echo in local architecture magazines.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:42:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosely Bianconcini Mulin.pdf: 1809916 bytes, checksum: f9cd6100f0c9a4420bda7d4bd8200268 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This work aims to demonstrate the important contribution of Adelpha Figueiredo in the development of Librarianship in São Paulo. It approaches relevant facts of the historical moment faced in the decade of the 1920 s and analyses education´s characteristics during that time. This research aims to highlight the importance of historical facts that exerted influence on the encouragement of the Paulista´s Librarianship, becoming a model for the country. It approaches the evolution of editorial system and discourses about the relevance it had exercised on libraries and encouraging new readers. Detailing the situation of libraries in the decade of the 1920 s and it highlights the importance that Mackenzie´s library had on disclosure, consolidation and teaching modern North American techniques of Librarianship in Brazil. It shall also explain the origins of the educator and librarian Adelpha Figueiredo, her education, actuation at Mackenzie, the pioneer obtainment of a scholarship granted by the United States for the course of Librarianship and, finally, it shall explain her trajectory as a master and all her efforts for the recognition of a librarianship as a professional. This study describes the importance that the São Paulo´s Department of Culture has exercised to encourage the Librarianship and the actuation of Adelpha Figueiredo at the São Paulo´s Public Library, where she founded with Rubens Borba de Moraes, the first School of Librarianship in São Paulo. / O presente trabalho objetiva demonstrar a importante contribuição de Adelpha Figueiredo para o florescimento da Biblioteconomia em São Paulo. Aborda fatos relevantes do momento histórico vivido na década de 1920 e analisa as características da educação na época. A pesquisa objetiva destacar a importância que os fatos históricos exerceram para o impulso da Biblioteconomia paulista, tornando-a um modelo para o país. Aborda a evolução do sistema editorial e discorre sobre a importância que exerceu para as bibliotecas e para a formação de leitores. Apresenta a situação das bibliotecas da década de 1920 e destaca a importância que a Biblioteca do Mackenzie exerceu na divulgação, consolidação e no ensino das modernas técnicas norte-americanas de Biblioteconomia no país. Explanará sobre as origens da educadora e bibliotecária Adelpha Figueiredo, sua formação, atuação no Mackenzie, obtenção inédita da bolsa de estudos concedida pelos EUA para o curso de Biblioteconomia e, posteriormente, explanará sobre sua trajetória como mestra e lutadora para o reconhecimento da profissão. O estudo discorre sobre a importância que o Departamento de Cultura do Município de São Paulo exerceu no impulso da Biblioteconomia e sobre a atuação de Adelpha Figueiredo na Biblioteca Pública de São Paulo, onde fundou com Rubens Borba de Moraes, a primeira Escola de Biblioteconomia de São Paulo.

From 1933 to 1945, thousands of European Jews attempted to gain access to Canada in order to escape Nazi oppression. This thesis examines Canada’s immigration records and policies during this period. In addition to bringing light to key issues concerning popular Canadian perceptions of Jewish immigrants and refugees in the thirties and forties, this history raises important questions about the Canadian government and ethical responsibility in a time of war; about the relationship between government policy and provincial politics; and about the position taken by Canada’s longest serving Prime Minister, William Lyon Mackenzie King, and his Cabinet. The author’s research brings attention to Irving Abella and Harold Troper’s work, None is too Many, which, since its publication in 1982, has stood as the authoritative work on the subject. A variety of important issues which are not treated in detail in this earlier monograph are examined in depth in this analysis: The prevalence of anti-Semitism in French and English Canada, and the Canadian immigration record are treated in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 and 4 investigate accusations that William Lyon Mackenzie King, Ernest Lapointe, Frederick Charles Blair, and Vincent Massey harboured anti-Semitic views. It is found that such charges suffer from a serious lack of evidence. Although sometimes the language used by these men in their correspondence and letters can be shocking to the modern reader, it was the colloquial language during their lives. Furthermore, their personal documents often exhibit evidence of sincere sympathy for the Jews of Europe, and frustration with Canadian popular opinion. The author concludes that collective memory of the Holocaust has affected perceptions concerning the Canadian immigration record during the period in question. Anti-immigration sentiment was strong in Canada during the Depression. Nevertheless, as the Canadian Government became increasingly aware of the persecution of Jews within the Reich, particularly following the events of Kristallnacht in November of 1938, measures were put into place to ease Jewish immigration to Canada, such as including refugees among the admissible classes of immigrants. The Canadian Government did not begin to receive information concerning the extermination of European Jewry until 1942. By this time, there was hardly anything Canada could do. Heinrich Himmler had forbidden Jewish emigration from the Reich in October of 1941, the war was in full swing by 1942, and ships carrying refugees and PoWs were not safe from U-boat attacks. From 1933 to 1945 Canada allowed 8,787 Jews into the country. However, all immigration to Canada was slowed during this time. Consequently, Jews, in actuality, represented a higher percentage of immigrants arriving in Canada, at this time, than they had from 1923 to 1932. This illustrates Canada’s doors we not closed specifically to Jewish refugees during the Depression and Second World War.

Ce mémoire étudie les processus décisionnels des gouvernements américain et canadien entourant la Conférence intergouvernementale d'Évian de 1938 convoquée par Franklin D. Roosevelt pour venir en aide aux réfugiés juifs du Ille Reich. La pertinence scientifique de cette recherche s'explique par l'absence d'analyse de l'information envoyée par les membres des corps diplomatiques, et de prise en compte des modèles américain et canadien de prise de décision. Nous présentons donc d'abord l'information que les diplomates postés en Allemagne, en Autriche et à Genève envoyèrent à leur gouvernement respectif. Ceci nous permet de tracer le portrait dont les gouvernements Roosevelt et King disposaient à propos des persécutions nazies commises à l'endroit des communautés juives allemande et autrichienne. À la lumière de ces portraits, nous analysons par la suite les processus décisionnels des gouvernements américain et canadien au cours des mois précédant la conférence. Cette conférence nous sert d'exemple pour comparer les modèles de prise de décision des gouvernements Roosevelt et King. Nous démontrons que le refus des États-Unis et du Canada de s'engager à participer au-delà de leur acte de présence à Évian résulte directement des décisions prises personnellement par Franklin Roosevelt et par Mackenzie King. En effet, Roosevelt délégua les responsabilités reliées à la conférence au Département d'État américain qu'il savait opposé à l'immigration juive aux États-Unis. De son côté, King se plaça lui-même au coeur de la prise de décision pour s'assurer d'une participation passive du Canada à Évian. Roosevelt et King étaient tous deux motivés par des intérêts avant tout politiques. Ainsi, une participation sans engagement à la conférence leur permit de se prétendre préoccupés par le sort des réfugiés politiques, tout en refusant d'accepter un nombre indéterminé de Juifs qu'ils ne désiraient pas à l'intélieur de leurs frontières. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Franklin Roosevelt, William Lyon Mackenzie King, Conférence d'Évian (1938), Juifs, Émigration –Immigration.

From 1933 to 1945, thousands of European Jews attempted to gain access to Canada in order to escape Nazi oppression. This thesis examines Canada’s immigration records and policies during this period. In addition to bringing light to key issues concerning popular Canadian perceptions of Jewish immigrants and refugees in the thirties and forties, this history raises important questions about the Canadian government and ethical responsibility in a time of war; about the relationship between government policy and provincial politics; and about the position taken by Canada’s longest serving Prime Minister, William Lyon Mackenzie King, and his Cabinet. The author’s research brings attention to Irving Abella and Harold Troper’s work, None is too Many, which, since its publication in 1982, has stood as the authoritative work on the subject. A variety of important issues which are not treated in detail in this earlier monograph are examined in depth in this analysis: The prevalence of anti-Semitism in French and English Canada, and the Canadian immigration record are treated in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 and 4 investigate accusations that William Lyon Mackenzie King, Ernest Lapointe, Frederick Charles Blair, and Vincent Massey harboured anti-Semitic views. It is found that such charges suffer from a serious lack of evidence. Although sometimes the language used by these men in their correspondence and letters can be shocking to the modern reader, it was the colloquial language during their lives. Furthermore, their personal documents often exhibit evidence of sincere sympathy for the Jews of Europe, and frustration with Canadian popular opinion. The author concludes that collective memory of the Holocaust has affected perceptions concerning the Canadian immigration record during the period in question. Anti-immigration sentiment was strong in Canada during the Depression. Nevertheless, as the Canadian Government became increasingly aware of the persecution of Jews within the Reich, particularly following the events of Kristallnacht in November of 1938, measures were put into place to ease Jewish immigration to Canada, such as including refugees among the admissible classes of immigrants. The Canadian Government did not begin to receive information concerning the extermination of European Jewry until 1942. By this time, there was hardly anything Canada could do. Heinrich Himmler had forbidden Jewish emigration from the Reich in October of 1941, the war was in full swing by 1942, and ships carrying refugees and PoWs were not safe from U-boat attacks. From 1933 to 1945 Canada allowed 8,787 Jews into the country. However, all immigration to Canada was slowed during this time. Consequently, Jews, in actuality, represented a higher percentage of immigrants arriving in Canada, at this time, than they had from 1923 to 1932. This illustrates Canada’s doors we not closed specifically to Jewish refugees during the Depression and Second World War.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Calgary, 1975. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 213-224).