Inaug.-Diss.--Bonn. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Inaug.-Diss.--Bonn. / Vita. Bibliography: p. 122-145.

Pilon fractures are a result of high energy impacts to the ankle joint causing comminution to the tibia. Open reduction and internal fixation is the current method of treatment, which involves reducing the fracture and placing an anterolateral or medial plate along the tibia to secure the bone fragments during the bone healing process, but these have frequent complications for patients. No previous studies have investigated the biomechanical performance of these plates using a model that consists of the tibia, fibula and the syndesmotic tissue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical effectiveness of these plates using cadaveric specimens. Eight pairs of cadaveric specimens were anatomically aligned and potted proximally. A typical fracture pattern was created in each specimen and then one from each pair treated with an anterolateral and the other with a medial plate. A materials testing machine applied an axial load to the specimen to determine the construct stiffness, followed by a ramp load to failure. An optical tracking system was configured to track the motion of the bone fragments in 3D space. The medial plates tended to provide superior results when compared to the anterolateral plate; however, no statistical difference was found. This represents the most complex fracture and comprehensive evaluation of the plating options available for this type of injury and may inform surgeons to help reduce the poor outcomes for patients. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc) / Severe distal tibial fractures (pilon fractures) occur during motor vehicle collisions and falls from a height and are typically treated with one of two fracture fixations. The evidence supporting the use of the fracture fixations is limited and research has yet to be done using cadaveric specimens. To assess the fracture fixations, six cadaveric specimens were subjected to compressive loading to determine the stiffness. An orthopaedic surgeon then simulated a pilon fracture and repaired each specimen with one of the two fixations. The specimens were then subjected to compressive loading to determine the repaired stiffness and then loaded until failure. During failure testing, an optical tracking system was used to assess the overall motion of the fracture fragments. Based on preliminary results from stiffness, strength, and relative motion evaluations, the medial plate showed superior results; however, the differences were not found to be statistically significant.

Pilonfrakturen sind schwerwiegende intraartikuläre Frakturen des distalen Tibiaendes, oft mit ausgedehnten Zerstörungen der Gelenkfläche und schweren Weichteilschäden. Ziel der Behandlung ist die Rekonstruktion der tibialen Gelenkfläche zur Wiederherstellung der Gelenkfunktion unter Schonung der Weichteile. Verschiedene Behandlungsstrategien finden Anwendung. Zunehmend etabliert sich ein zweizeitiges Vorgehen. Von 129 Frakturen, die zwischen 1996 und 2005 im Universitätsklinikum Göttingen operativ versorgt wurden, konnten 64 Patienten hinsichtlich des Behandlungsergebnisses befragt und 36 nach durchschnittlich 6,2 Jahren nachuntersucht werden. Typ-B-Frakturen (AO-Klassifikation) zeigen im Ergebnis weniger Komplikationen als Typ-C-Frakturen, sowie bessere funktionelle Ergebnisse. Einzeitige Verfahren zeigen bessere Gesamtergebnisse als zweizeitige Strategien, allerdings auch höhere Komplikationsraten. Die Prognose der Verletzungen richtet sich vor allem nach dem Verletzungsausmaß und ist insgesamt durch die häufigen ausgedehnten Zerstörungen eher mäßig. Nicht selten bleiben große Bewegungseinschränkungen und regelmäßige Schmerzen bestehen.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é reconstituir a formação do campo arquitetônico no Brasil, a história de São Paulo e de sua arquitetura, e investigar a inserção e a contribuição dos arquitetos estrangeiros para a construção da cidade entre os anos de 1930 e 1960 a partir da experiência do arquiteto francês Jacques Pilon (1905-1962). A intenção não é particularizar, valorizar ou reabilitar a sua produção isoladamente, focando a discussão na qualidade, na procedência ou não da autoria deste ou daquele projeto, nem traçar uma biografia intelectual ou desenvolver um trabalho monográfico, mas sim retomar a sua trajetória na relação com a cidade e com o campo arquitetônico. Para tanto, o presente trabalho investiga a sua formação como arquiteto em Paris, o início de sua carreira profissional no escritório dos arquitetos Robert Prentice e Anton Floderer, no Rio de Janeiro, a transferência para São Paulo, a sociedade com o engenheiro brasileiro Francisco Matarazzo Neto (1910-1980), firmada em 1934 com a criação da Pilon & Matarazzo Ltda (Pilmat) e, por fim, o seu escritório individual, cujas atividades se desenvolveram entre meados de 1940 e 1962. / Portrayed as a pragmatic man, more a manager than an architect, who owns a firm linked to the real estate market that built hundreds of buildings in São Paulo, Jacques Pilon (1905-1962) had not received a more detailed study of his work until now. If the extensive production is not equivalent to his reputation in the historiography of the Brazilian architecture, the massive presence of his buildings in the city, in particular in the downtown area, indicated that his contribution to the construction of São Paulo and to the affirmation of a certain image of modernity deserved more attention. This work traces the trajectory of Pilon and his role as an architect in São Paulo between 1930 and 1960. Without intending to draw an intellectual biography or to develop a monograph, the research retrieves the experience of this French architect in the tropics and from it investigates the contribution of foreign architects to build the city, tracing the formation of the architectural field in Brazil, the history of São Paulo and its architecture in this period.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T12:12:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 8 Tiago Seneme Franco1.pdf: 1153275 bytes, checksum: 2ebfb5d9b5715ab82e68b4792cd6441c (MD5) Tiago Seneme Franco2.pdf: 1821277 bytes, checksum: c66a0c99d76464b9d2bd5505ec35144f (MD5) Tiago Seneme Franco3.pdf: 2026645 bytes, checksum: 9a84dd2f533b1ff2caecdee94ea8e6b7 (MD5) Tiago Seneme Franco4.pdf: 3728472 bytes, checksum: 7fbc4349e00976693a0a27cdb84a95a1 (MD5) Tiago Seneme Franco5.pdf: 1725335 bytes, checksum: cb9799d2df22946d5f4d87547b61f86f (MD5) Tiago Seneme Franco6.pdf: 2688171 bytes, checksum: 0cd179d06d74c1c6b9a52d1e33408d65 (MD5) Tiago Seneme Franco7.pdf: 2136162 bytes, checksum: c5b6c84902d3f8cf7ded818453a8c7d8 (MD5) Tiago Seneme Franco8.pdf: 495373 bytes, checksum: 59db00bd4e5b5af074fa3159aafc2295 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-14 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The current article presents the trajectory of Jacques Pilon in downtown of São Paulo city through a panoramic view of all his work in the region and further analysis of selected projects encompassing his production from 1940 to 1947. Jacques Pilon was born in the French city of Le Havre in 1905, and came to Brazil in 1910, going back to France in order to conclude his studies in 1927, where he was graduated on Architecture at the École des Beaux-Arts from Paris. His return to Rio de Janeiro happens in 1933, when he starts his work in Robert Prentice s office. He is sent to São Paulo in 1934 for following up the construction of Sulacap building. When he arrives at the emergent São Paulo capital, Pilon meets Engineer Francisco Matarazzo Neto and opens a partnership office with him Pilmat elaborating several projects from 1935 to 1939. With the end of Pilmat, Jacques Pilon opens his own office and counts with several collaborators, with Herbert Duschenes, Franz Heep, Giancarlo Gasperini, and Jerônimo Bonilha Esteves among them. With Heep s arrival in 1947, Jacques Pilon begins to abandon project conceptions, relying on his collaborators for this task. In approximately 25 years of production in São Paulo capital, Jacques Pilon produced about 60 projects in the downtown, with the great majority being composed by vertical buildings, destined to offices or homes. This feature grants his work a role of prime significance in the broad vertical growth and modernization process in São Paulo city in the first half of the 20th century. / O presente trabalho apresenta a trajetória de Jacques Pilon no centro da cidade de São Paulo através de um olhar panorâmico da totalidade sua obra na região e posterior análise de projetos selecionados que abrangem sua produção entre os anos de 1940 e 1947. Jacques Pilon nasceu na cidade francesa de Le Havre, em 1905, veio para o Brasil em 1910, voltando para a França para concluir seus estudos em 1927, onde cursou Arquitetura na École des Beaux-Arts de Paris. Seu retorno ao Rio de Janeiro se dá no ano de 1933, onde inicia seus trabalhos no escritório de Robert Prentice. Em 1934 é enviado a São Paulo para acompanhamento das obras do Edifício Sulacap. Ao chegar na emergente capital paulista, Pilon conhece o Engenheiro Francisco Matarazzo Neto, com o qual abre escritório em sociedade a Pilmat elaborando diversos projetos entre os anos de 1935 e 1939. Com o fim da Pilmat, Jacques Pilon constitui escritório próprio e passa a contar com diversos colaboradores, entre eles Herbert Duschenes, Franz Heep, Giancarlo Gasperini e Jerônimo Bonilha Esteves. Foi no ano de 1947, com a chegada de Heep que Jacques Pilon começa a se afastar das concepções dos projetos, confiando esta tarefa a seus colaboradores. Nos aproximadamente 25 anos de produção na capital paulista, Jacques Pilon produziu cerca de 60 projetos no centro da cidade, sendo sua grande maioria composta por edifícios verticais, destinados a escritórios ou residências. Esta característica confere a sua obra um papel de suma importância dentro do amplo processo de verticalização e modernização da cidade de São Paulo na primeira metade do século XX.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é reconstituir a formação do campo arquitetônico no Brasil, a história de São Paulo e de sua arquitetura, e investigar a inserção e a contribuição dos arquitetos estrangeiros para a construção da cidade entre os anos de 1930 e 1960 a partir da experiência do arquiteto francês Jacques Pilon (1905-1962). A intenção não é particularizar, valorizar ou reabilitar a sua produção isoladamente, focando a discussão na qualidade, na procedência ou não da autoria deste ou daquele projeto, nem traçar uma biografia intelectual ou desenvolver um trabalho monográfico, mas sim retomar a sua trajetória na relação com a cidade e com o campo arquitetônico. Para tanto, o presente trabalho investiga a sua formação como arquiteto em Paris, o início de sua carreira profissional no escritório dos arquitetos Robert Prentice e Anton Floderer, no Rio de Janeiro, a transferência para São Paulo, a sociedade com o engenheiro brasileiro Francisco Matarazzo Neto (1910-1980), firmada em 1934 com a criação da Pilon & Matarazzo Ltda (Pilmat) e, por fim, o seu escritório individual, cujas atividades se desenvolveram entre meados de 1940 e 1962. / Portrayed as a pragmatic man, more a manager than an architect, who owns a firm linked to the real estate market that built hundreds of buildings in São Paulo, Jacques Pilon (1905-1962) had not received a more detailed study of his work until now. If the extensive production is not equivalent to his reputation in the historiography of the Brazilian architecture, the massive presence of his buildings in the city, in particular in the downtown area, indicated that his contribution to the construction of São Paulo and to the affirmation of a certain image of modernity deserved more attention. This work traces the trajectory of Pilon and his role as an architect in São Paulo between 1930 and 1960. Without intending to draw an intellectual biography or to develop a monograph, the research retrieves the experience of this French architect in the tropics and from it investigates the contribution of foreign architects to build the city, tracing the formation of the architectural field in Brazil, the history of São Paulo and its architecture in this period.

A pesquisa das contribuições dos arquitetos estrangeiros (Jacques Pilon, Franz Heep, Lucjan Korngold e Giancarlo Palanti) nos projetos de edifícios de escritórios na cidade de São Paulo, no período de 1930-1960, partiu de um procedimento metodológico que utilizou dois elementos principais: a revisão da historiografia recente e a identificação das obras através do cruzamento das informações de novas fontes primárias do Acervo de Projetos da Biblioteca da FAUUSP. O primeiro capítulo objetiva a compreensão das contribuições dos edifícios de escritórios na verticalização do centro de São Paulo, através da identificação das obras pioneiras e de seus paralelos com a arquitetura norte americana, das contribuições específicas daqueles arquitetos estrangeiros no contexto das grandes transformações urbanas ocorridas no período e dos desafios técnicos no desenvolvimento do concreto armado. O segundo capítulo apresenta a contribuição dos arquitetos estrangeiros diretamente nos projetos, identificando uma morfologia através da análise da implantação e volumetria, do pavimento térreo e dos acessos, da circulação e das instalações, do pavimento tipo, da estrutura e dos vedos: massa, caixilhos, grelhas, brises e pele de vidro. O terceiro capítulo esboça a prática e as relações profissionais desses arquitetos e de seus colaboradores, estrangeiros ou não, bem como o ensino de projeto dentro dos seus escritórios e o papel do detalhamento na produção e formação desses colaboradores. / ALMEIDA, Moracy Amaral e. Pilon, Heep, Korngold e Palanti: office buildings (1930-1960). Thesis, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 2015. ABSTRACT The research on foreign architects (Jacques Pilon, Franz Heep, Lucjan Korngold and Giancarlo Palanti) contributions to the office buildings projects in the city of São Paulo, from 1930 to 1960, came from a methodological procedure. It used two main elements: the review of the recent historiography and the identification of works by crossing the information of new primary sources of FAUUSP Library Archives . The first chapter\'s objective is to understand the contribution of the office buildings to the verticalization center of São Paulo, through the identification of the pioneers architects and their works in comparison to the North American architecture, the specific contributions of those foreign architects during a large urban transformation and the technical challenges in the development process of reinforced concrete. The second chapter presents the contribution of foreign architects directly to the projects, identifying a morphology by analyzing the site plans and volumetry, the ground floor and access paths, circulation and installations, pavement type, structure and envelopment: mass, frames, grilles, louvers and curtain wall. The third chapter outlines the practice and professional relationships of these architects and their collaborators, foreigners or not, as well the design teaching at their offices and the relevance of the detail in the development and training of these team.

A pesquisa das contribuições dos arquitetos estrangeiros (Jacques Pilon, Franz Heep, Lucjan Korngold e Giancarlo Palanti) nos projetos de edifícios de escritórios na cidade de São Paulo, no período de 1930-1960, partiu de um procedimento metodológico que utilizou dois elementos principais: a revisão da historiografia recente e a identificação das obras através do cruzamento das informações de novas fontes primárias do Acervo de Projetos da Biblioteca da FAUUSP. O primeiro capítulo objetiva a compreensão das contribuições dos edifícios de escritórios na verticalização do centro de São Paulo, através da identificação das obras pioneiras e de seus paralelos com a arquitetura norte americana, das contribuições específicas daqueles arquitetos estrangeiros no contexto das grandes transformações urbanas ocorridas no período e dos desafios técnicos no desenvolvimento do concreto armado. O segundo capítulo apresenta a contribuição dos arquitetos estrangeiros diretamente nos projetos, identificando uma morfologia através da análise da implantação e volumetria, do pavimento térreo e dos acessos, da circulação e das instalações, do pavimento tipo, da estrutura e dos vedos: massa, caixilhos, grelhas, brises e pele de vidro. O terceiro capítulo esboça a prática e as relações profissionais desses arquitetos e de seus colaboradores, estrangeiros ou não, bem como o ensino de projeto dentro dos seus escritórios e o papel do detalhamento na produção e formação desses colaboradores. / ALMEIDA, Moracy Amaral e. Pilon, Heep, Korngold e Palanti: office buildings (1930-1960). Thesis, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 2015. ABSTRACT The research on foreign architects (Jacques Pilon, Franz Heep, Lucjan Korngold and Giancarlo Palanti) contributions to the office buildings projects in the city of São Paulo, from 1930 to 1960, came from a methodological procedure. It used two main elements: the review of the recent historiography and the identification of works by crossing the information of new primary sources of FAUUSP Library Archives . The first chapter\'s objective is to understand the contribution of the office buildings to the verticalization center of São Paulo, through the identification of the pioneers architects and their works in comparison to the North American architecture, the specific contributions of those foreign architects during a large urban transformation and the technical challenges in the development process of reinforced concrete. The second chapter presents the contribution of foreign architects directly to the projects, identifying a morphology by analyzing the site plans and volumetry, the ground floor and access paths, circulation and installations, pavement type, structure and envelopment: mass, frames, grilles, louvers and curtain wall. The third chapter outlines the practice and professional relationships of these architects and their collaborators, foreigners or not, as well the design teaching at their offices and the relevance of the detail in the development and training of these team.

René de Longueil hérita de façon imprévue et presque simultanée de la seigneurie familiale de Maisons en 1629 et de l’héritage provenant de la famille de sa femme en 1630 qu’il sut par son habileté tourner à son avantage. Il entreprit dès lors la construction d’un château neuf, confié à François Mansart ainsi qu’à l’équipe de Jacques Sarrazin, célébré comme l’une des plus belles demeures de France. Mais il ne vit l’achèvement du projet que dix années avant sa mort, faisant de Maisons un chantier permanent, celui-ci ayant été conduit en plusieurs phases successives. A Paris, il habita rue de Béthisy, dans un hôtel hérité de Nicolas Chevalier, son oncle par alliance. Sa femme Madeleine, disparue très tôt, reste une figure mystérieuse, inspirant une partie du décor du nouveau château. Il eut également à coeur d’agrandir la seigneurie par l’achat de fiefs qui constituèrent un vaste territoire dans le Pincerais, entourant quasiment le domaine royal de Saint-Germain. Descendant d’une famille de robe, il acheta les charges de président de la cour des Aides, puis de président à mortier. Durant la Fronde, il joua un rôle important d’intermédiaire entre le Parlement et la Régence. Il eut l’honneur de servir le roi comme capitaine de ses châteaux de Versailles et Saint-Germain, avant d’être nommé surintendant des finances en 1650. Exilé quelques années en Normandie, il put, à son retour en grâce, accéder au rang de marquis en 1658 et recevoir le roi et la Cour. Ses demeures de Maisons et de Béthisy renfermaient un mobilier très riche et précieux, ainsi que de nombreuses oeuvres d’art. Homme de goût, dans l’esprit de son temps, il s’intéressa aux tapisseries, aux porcelaines et aux orangers. Les poètes célébrèrent les jardins de Maisons. Il fit de l’excellence une règle en n’employant que les meilleurs artisans et domestiques. Homme puissant, riche, célèbre, il transmit un patrimoine très important et son titre de marquis. / In an unexpected manner, and in a short time, Rene de Longueil inherited to the family seigneury of Maisons in 1629 and the heritage of his wife’s family in 1630 which he took advantage by his cleverness. Ever since Rene de Longueil undertook the construction of a new chateau, trusted François Mansart and Jacques Sarrazin’s team, and celebrated as one of the most beautiful residence in France. But he saw the finishing of the project only ten years before his death: Maisons was an endless building site, done one stage at a time. In Paris, he lived at rue de Béthisy, in a town house, inherited from Nicolas Chevalier, his uncle in-law. His wife, Madeleine, dead too early, stays a mysterious person who inspired the decoration of the new chateau. He had one’s heart set on extending the seigneury with the purchase of fief which constituted a huge territory in le Pincerais, surrounding nearly the crown estate of Saint-Germain. Descendant of a noble family, he baught the charges of la Cour des Aides and Président à mortier. During the Fronde, he played an important role as an agent between the Parlment and the Regency. He had the honour of serving the king as captain of his chateau in Versailles and Saint-Germain, before he’s promoted Superintendent of Finances in 1650. He lived in exile in Normandy a few years. Back in favour, he could assent to rank of Marquis in 1658 and welcoming the king and the Court. His places of residence in Maisons and Bethisy contained sumptuous and precious furniture, as well as many works of art. Man with a lot of taste and moving with the times, he took an interest in tapestries work, chinas, and orange trees. The poets celebrated the gardens of Maisons. Excellence became his rule employing the best craftmens and the best servants. Powerful, rich and famous man, he transferred a considerable heritage and his title of Marquis to his descendants.