Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:44:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_cristiane_deuner.pdf: 471328 bytes, checksum: 0544ad4cc291a4cff337434a54a46afd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-21 / Soybean has great economic importance in agriculture as well as in Brazil and other cultures, productivity and profitability are key aspects. In this context, the use of seeds of good quality with high germination and vigor and in the appropriate dosage of fertilizers, plant available at the moment are demanded is very important to achieve an appropriate stand of plants, and seeds with satisfactory production quality. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of fertilizer management through seed treatment and foliar application on yield components and physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications and six treatments, constituting a witness and five different combinations of nutrients (CoMo, Whole, Potassium phosphite, Manganese and CaB), applied as seed treatment or via leaf at different times. The nutritional managements used did not favor the performance of soybean, including grain yield, physiological and sanitary quality of the seed produced. There is a higher incidence of fungi of the genera Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. / A soja possui grande importância econômica na agricultura brasileira e assim como em outras culturas, a produtividade e a lucratividade são aspectos fundamentais. Nesse contexto, a utilização de sementes de boa qualidade, com germinação e vigor elevados e de fertilizantes na dose adequada, disponibilizados a planta no momento em que são demandados é de suma importância para se atingir um adequado estande de plantas, produção satisfatória e sementes com qualidade. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do manejo da adubação via tratamento de sementes e aplicação foliar sobre os componentes do rendimento e a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de soja. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e seis tratamentos, se constituindo de uma testemunha e mais cinco combinações entre diferentes nutrientes (CoMo, Completo, Fosfito de potássio, Manganês e CaB), aplicados via tratamento de sementes ou via foliar em diferentes épocas. Os manejos nutricionais utilizados não favoreceram o desempenho da cultivar de soja, incluindo o rendimento de grãos, a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária da semente produzida. Há maior incidência de fungos dos gêneros Penicillium spp. e Aspergillus spp.

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Obesity prevalence continues to increase worldwide, yet few safe and effective treatment options are available suggesting there needs to be a greater emphasis on preventing rather than treating obesity. This research investigated the association of obesity predisposing SNPs and a gene score with nutrient consumption patterns including total energy intake and macronutrient distribution in a European ancestry population as well as discussing an evolutionary perspective on eating disorders using current epidemiological evidence to identify genes which may be involved. The association of two of the 14 obesity predisposing SNPs and the gene score with BMI was confirmed in the EpiDREAM population. Novel associations between two SNPs located in or near BDNF (rs6265 and rs1401635) were found with total fat, MUFA, and PUFA intake. Rs1401635 was also associated with total energy and trans fat intake. Novel associations of rs6235 (PCSK1) and the gene score were found with total energy intake. The novel associations found indicate that food related behaviours are one of the mechanisms of action through which obesity predisposing SNPs cause obesity and therefore warrant further investigation. The lack of association among all genes and the modest association of the gene score show that mechanisms other than food consumption are important. The investigation of the evolutionary history of eating disorders revealed that the adapted to flee famine hypothesis is a plausible theory explaining anorexia nervosa while the thrifty genotype hypothesis provides a possible explanation for bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. These evolutionary theories can be applied to identify new candidate genes as well as phenotypic traits to investigate to better understand the genetic architecture of eating disorders. Understanding genes associated with disordered eating patterns may highlight future areas for obesity prevention. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / A large percentage of the risk of developing obesity or an eating disorder (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder) is determined by genetics. For obesity, many genes have been identified as influencing risk, but the mechanisms through which the genes work are largely unknown. For eating disorders, gene identification efforts have been mostly unsuccessful and no mechanisms of action have been determined. In the first component of this thesis we found an association between previously identified obesity risk genes and food intake, specifically the total number of calories consumed per day and the percentage of calories from total fat and fat subtypes. These results support that food related behaviours are possible mechanisms of action which need to be further investigated. In the second half of the thesis we viewed eating disorder behaviours from an evolutionary perspective. We concluded that there are theories that possibly explain eating disorder behaviours including being able to live off of small quantities of food as well as binging. These evolutionary theories can be applied to identify new genes to study in the context of eating disorders as well as different definitions of eating disorders.

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Submitted by Eunice Novais (enovais@uepg.br) on 2018-03-15T13:24:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Sandoval Carpinelli.pdf: 1473498 bytes, checksum: 55c2940ffe8b169a79a9863fc0aa64c0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-15T13:24:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Sandoval Carpinelli.pdf: 1473498 bytes, checksum: 55c2940ffe8b169a79a9863fc0aa64c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária (SIPA) possibilitam sinergismo entre as atividades agrícolas, pecuária e/ou florestal, realizadas na mesma área de cultivo, buscando maximizar os fatores de produção. Modificações no microclima, em SIPA, podem afetar a deposição e a decomposição do resíduo, bem como a liberação e a ciclagem dos nutrientes no sistema de produção. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: (i) quantificar o aporte dos resíduo e de macronutrientes em SIPA, sob Cambissolo Háplico de textura média, nos Campos Gerais do Paraná; (ii) estimar a taxa de decomposição do resíduo e a liberação de macronutrientes da cultura de soja e da biomassa de forragem anual de inverno (consórcio de aveia preta e azevém anual), em SIPA. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos completos casualizados com três repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de combinações de presença de componente arbóreo (eucalipto + grevílea) e doses (90 e 180 kg ha-1) de nitrogênio mineral (ureia – 450 g kg-1 de N) aplicado na pastagem anual de inverno. De modo a melhor representar o ambiente arborizado, foi feita a subdivisão da unidade experimental em cinco distâncias. O experimento foi implantado em 2006; no entanto, as avaliações inerentes a este trabalho foram realizadas no período compreendido entre os meses de dezembro/2014 a outubro/2015. Nesse período foram inseridos aleatoriamente litter bags de resíduo de forragem anual de inverno e de soja, nos tratamentos com ausência e presença do componente arbóreo, respectivamente. As amostragens do material contido nos litter bags foram realizadas aos 7, 15, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias após a semeadura das culturas (tanto verão quanto de inverno). Foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: quantidade e qualidade do resíduo vegetais, taxa de decomposição do resíduo vegetal remanescente e de liberação dos macronutrientes (nitrogênio - N, fósforo - P, potássio - K, cálcio - Ca, magnésio - Mg e enxofre - S) dos resíduos, tanto da fase de lavoura como da fase pastagem, ao longo do tempo. A interação entre os fatores avaliados afetou a liberação do S do resíduo do pasto e o K do resíduo de soja. O sistema arborizado, bem como a menor dose de nitrogênio, ocasionou menor massa de resíduo (tanto da pastagem como da lavoura) quando comparado aos demais tratamentos. A quantidade de resíduo da pastagem foi afetada pela distância das árvores. Maiores concentrações dos macronutrientes (K, Ca e Mg) no resíduo da pastagem, ao final do período de pastejo, foram observadas no sistema arborizado. A ausência do componente arbóreo ocasionou maiores concentração de Ca e Mg no resíduo da soja. Além da maior quantidade de massa de resíduo da soja na maior dose de N, tal resíduo apresentava maior concentração em K e S do que a menor dose. Variações na taxa de decomposições de massa seca remanescente dos resíduos da pastagem e soja também foram influenciadas pela distância em relação aos renques arbóreos. A liberação de N, P, K e Mg do resíduo pasto e de P, Mg e S do resíduo da soja não foi influenciada pelos tratamentos. A decomposição do resíduo da pastagem e seu respectivo efeito proporcionou uma maior ciclagem de nutrientes para a soja do que o oposto. / Integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) enable synergism between agricultural, livestock and/or forestry activities carried out in the same area, focusing maximization of production factors. Changes in ICLS microclimates can affect the deposition and decomposition of plant residues, as well as macronutrient and nutrient cycling present in the system. The aims of this study were (i) to quantify the contribution of plant residues and macronutrients in ICLS, under loamy-sand Typic Distrudept, in the Paraná Campos Gerais area; and (ii) to estimate the decomposition of the residue and the release of macronutrients from the soybean crop and the biomass of annual winter forage (consortium of black oats and annual ryegrass) in ICLS. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replicates. The treatments consisted of combinations of the presence of an arboreal component (eucalyptus + Grevillea) and doses (90 and 180 kg N ha-1year-1) of mineral nitrogen (as urea - 450 g kg-1 N) applied to the annual intercropped pasture. In order to better represent the forested environment, the experimental unit was subdivided into five distances. The experiment was implemented in 2006. However, the evaluations inherent to this study were carried out from December 2014 up to October 2015. During this period, litterbags of a consortium of black oat residues with ryegrass and soybean were randomly inserted in the treatments with the absence and presence of the arboreal component, respectively. Samplings of the material contained in the litterbags were carried out at 7, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after crop sowing (both in summer and winter). The following evaluations were performed: amount and quality of the plant residue, decomposition rate of the remaining plant residue and macronutrient release (nitrogen - N, phosphorus - P, potassium - K, calcium - Ca, magnesium - Mg and sulfur - S) of the residue, both in the tillage phase and in the pasture stage, over time. The forested system, as well as the lower nitrogen dose, presented lower residue mass (both in the pasture and in the crop) compared to the other treatments. Tree distances also affected the amount of grass residue. The highest mean macronutrient concentrations (K, Ca and Mg) in the pasture residue at the end of the grazing period was observed in the arboreal system. The no-tree system resulted in higher concentrations of Ca and Mg in the soybean residue when compared to the arboreal system. In addition to the greater amount of soybean residue mass at the highest N dose, this residue presented higher N, K and S concentrations compared to the lowest dose. Variations in the decomposition rate of remaining pasture and soybean residue dry mass also occurred as a function of distance from tree trunks. The evaluated factors did not affect the release of P, K and Mg from the pasture residue and P, Mg and S from the soybean residue. The interaction between the evaluated affected S release from the pasture residue and K from the soybean residue. The decomposition of the residue of pasture and its respective effect rovided a greater cycling of nutrients for soybean.