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Topological Transport Effects and Pure Spin Currents in NanostructuresSchlitz, Richard 28 August 2020 (has links)
Magnetoresistive effects are powerful tools for studying the intricate structure of solid state electronic systems, and have many applications in our current information technology. In particular, the electronic system reflects the crystal symmetry and the orbital structure of the atoms of a given solid, and thus is crucial to understanding magnetism, superconductivity and many other effects which are of key interest to current solid state research. Consequently, studies of the electrical transport properties of solid state matter allow to evaluate this imprint and in turn draw conclusions about the interactions within a material. In this thesis, we will exploit the capabilities of magnetotransport measurements to infer the properties of a multitude of magnetic systems. In turn, this allows us to push the understanding of transport phenomena in magnetic materials.
The first part of this work is focused on the magnetoresistance observed in spin Hall active metals in contact with a magnetic insulator. In such bilayers, the interfacial spin
accumulation caused by the spin Hall effect in the metal can interact with the magnetic insulator, giving rise to interesting magnetoresistive effects. In the framework of this thesis, bilayers with several magnetic insulators are studied, including antiferomagnets, ferrimagnets and paramagnets (disordered magnets). For the disordered magnetic insulators, we find that the established spin Hall magnetoresistance framework does not allow to consistently describe the observed transport response. Consequently, we propose an alternative explanation of the magnetoresistance in such heterostructures, using the Hanle magnetoresistance and assuming an interface which has a finite electrical conductivity. This alternative model can serve to generalize the theory of the spin Hall magnetoresistance, providing addition information on the microscopic picture for the loss of the transverse spin component. Additionally, by partly removing the magnetic insulator and studying the ensuing changes, we verify that magnons are crucial for the observation of a non-local magnetoresistance in bilayers of a magnetic insulator and a metal. Finally, the local and non-local spin Seebeck effect (i.e. the electric field generated by a thermally driven pure spin current) is investigated in bilayers of Cr2O3 and Pt where the occurrence of a spin superfluid ground state was reported. In our sample, however, the transport response is consistent with the antiferromagnetic spin Seebeck effect mediated by the small magnetic field induced magnetization also reported for other antiferromagnet/metal heterostructures. As such, we cannot verify the presence of a spin superfluid ground state in the system.
In the second part of this thesis, the topological properties of the electronic system and the related changes of the magnetoelectric and magnetothermal transport response are investigated. To that end, we first demonstrate a novel measurement technique, the alternating thermal gradient technique, allowing to separate the relevant thermovoltages from spurious other voltages generated within the measurement setup. We employ this novel technique for measuring the topological Nernst effect in Mn 1.8 PtSn and show the possibility to combine the magnetoelectric and magnetothermal transport response to evaluate the presence of topological transport signatures without requiring magnetization measurements. Additionally, we show that the anomalous Nernst effect in the non-collinear antiferromagnet Mn3Sn is connected to the antiferromagnetic domain structure: Using spatially resolved measurements of the anomalous Nernst effect, direct access to the antiferromagnetic domain structure is demonstrated. Additionally, a thermally assisted domain writing scheme is implemented, allowing the preparation of Mn3Sn into a defined antiferromagnetic domain state.
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Can Hydrodynamic Electrons Exist in a Metal? A Case Study of the Delafossite Metals PdCoO2 and PtCoO2Nandi, Nabhanila 09 August 2019 (has links)
In an electron fluid, both resistive and viscous mechanisms can be present. In systems with perfect translational invariance momentum is a conserved quantity, and as the electrons carry both charge and momentum, the current cannot decay. Predictions from theories at the particle physics-condensed matter physics interface using the `AdS/CFT' correspondence suggest that hydrodynamic charge flow might exist in some exotic metallic states. In the high-Tc cuprates the T-linear resistivity in the strange metal regime is conjectured to be due to hydrodynamic effects.
In this dissertation, I start out drawing a theoretical outline of the hydrodynamic theory of electron transport in solids. In the search for a high purity metal that can host such a hydrodynamic electron transport, we looked at the non-magnetic delafossite oxides PdCoO2 and PtCoO2, which have the highest conductivities of any known oxides, and whose key properties I will review. As the signatures of viscosity can only be realised in transport through boundary scattering, the samples had to be taken down to the mesoscopic limit, where the momentum conserving and relaxing scattering mean free paths of the material are comparable to the channel width. I will discuss the focussed ion beam (FIB) micro-structuring technique that I have implemented to fabricate the mesoscopic devices.
To interpret the transport in the mesoscopic regime, a comprehensive understanding of the bulk transport is first necessary and I will present my measurements of the magnetoresistance and Hall effect in both materials, which show deviations from the predictions of standard models highlighting some intriguing physics even in the bulk limit.
Finally, I will present the data from magnetotransport measurements at the mesoscopic limit. Magnetic field introduces a variable length scale, the cyclotron radius, in the system which can be used to tune through different transport regimes. I will discuss the ballistic and hydrodynamic signatures in the transport that becomes accessible through magnetic field tuning in the mesoscopic samples of the delafossites PdCoO2 and PdCoO2.
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Photoinduzierter Ladungstransport in komplexen Oxiden / Photoinduced charge transport in complex oxidesThiessen, Andreas 16 October 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Komplexe Oxide weisen interessante, funktionelle Eigenschaften wie Ferroelektrizität, magnetische Ordnung, hohe Spinpolarisation der Ladungsträger, Multiferroizität und Hochtemperatursupraleitung auf. Diese große Vielfalt sowie die Realisierbarkeit des epitaktischen Wachstums von Heterostrukturen aus verschiedenen oxidischen Komplexverbindungen eröffnen zahlreiche technologische Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für die oxidbasierte Mikroelektronik.
Der Schwerpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt auf der Untersuchung der Charakteristik des Ladungstransportes und insbesondere des Einflusses photogenerierter Ladungsträger auf diesen. Hierzu wurden die zwei vielversprechenden und momentan rege erforschten oxidischen Systeme La0,7Ce0,3MnO3 (LCeMO) und LiNbO3 (LNO) untersucht. Der erste Teil der vorliegenden Arbeit widmet sich der Untersuchung des photoinduzierten Ladungstransports in auf SrTiO3-Substrat gewachsenen LCeMO-Dünnfilmen. LCeMO ist als elektronendotierter Gegenpart zu den wohlbekannten und lochdotierten Manganaten wie La0,7Ca0,3MnO3 von großem Interesse für Anwendungen in der Spintronik so z.B. im spinpolarisierten p-n-übergang.
Der Einfluss der Sauerstoffstöchiometrie, der chemischen Phasensegregation der Cer-Dotanden und der photogenerierten Ladungsträger auf die Manganvalenz und damit die Elektronenkonzentration in den LCeMO-Dünnfilmen wurde mittels Röntgenphotoelektronenspektroskopie (XPS) untersucht. Hierbei wurde eine Erhöhung der Elektronenkonzentration durch Reduktion des Sauerstoffgehalts oder durch Beleuchtung mit UV-Licht festgestellt. Messungen der Temperaturabhängigkeit des Widerstands haben einen photoinduzierten Isolator-Metall-übergang in den reduzierten LCeMO-Dünnfilmen gezeigt. Durch Auswertung der magnetfeldbedingten Widerstandsänderungen im beleuchteten und unbeleuchteten Zustand konnte dieser Isolator-Metall-übergang eindeutig auf eine Parallelleitung durch das SrTiO3-Substrat zurückgeführt werden.
Der zweite Teil dieser Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Ladungstransport in Einkristallen des uniaxialen Ferroelektrikums LNO. Durch Vergleich der Volumenleitfähigkeit in eindomänigem LNO mit der Leitfähigkeit durch mehrdomänige Kristalle mit zahlreichen geladenen Domänenwänden konnte sowohl im abgedunkelten als auch im beleuchteten Zustand eine im Vergleich zur Volumenleitfähigkeit um mehrere Größenordnungen höhere Domänenwandleitfähigkeit festgestellt werden. Dabei ist die Domänenwandleitfähigkeit unter Beleuchtung mit Photonenenergien größer als der Bandlücke deutlich höher als im abgedunkelten Zustand. / Complex oxides exhibit a variety of functional properties, such as ferroelectricity, magnetic ordering, high spin polarization of the charge carriers, multiferroicity and high-temperature superconductivity. This wide variety of functional properties of complex oxides combined with their structural compatibility facilitates epitaxial growth of oxide heterostructures with tailored functional properties for applications in oxide-based microelectronic devices.
The focus of the present thesis lies on the characterization of the photoinduced charge transport in two intriguing complex oxides of current scientific interest, namely the electron doped mixed valence manganite La0,7Ce0,3MnO3 (LCeMO) and the ferroelectric LiNbO3 (LNO). The first part adresses the photoinduced charge transport in thin films of LCeMO grown on SrTiO3 substrates. LCeMO, being the electron doped counterpart to well known hole doped manganites like La0,7Ca0,3MnO3, is of current interest for spintronic applications like spin-polarized p-n-junctions.
The influence of the oxygen stoichiometry, the chemical phase separation of cerium and of the photogenerated charge carriers on the manganese valence and hence the electron concentration in the LCeMO films were investigated with X-ray-photoelectron spectroscopy. This measurements revealed an increase in electron doping by reduction of the oxygen content or by illumination with UV-light. Measurements of the temperature dependence of the resistance of the reduced LCeMO films showed a photoinduced insulator-metal transition. Analysis of the magnetoresistive properties of the samples in the illuminated and dark state clearly revealed that this insulator-metal transition is caused by a parallel conduction through the SrTiO3 substrate.
The second part of this thesis is dedicated to the charge transport in single crystals of the uniaxial ferroelectric LNO. A comparison of the bulk conductivity of single domain crystals with the conductivity of multidomain crystals with numerous charged domain walls revealed an several orders of magnitude higher domain wall conductivity as compared to the bulk conductivity. Such domain wall conductivity could be observed in the illuminated as well as in the dark state, although the domain wall conductivity was much higher for super-bandgap illumination.
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Photoinduzierter Ladungstransport in komplexen OxidenThiessen, Andreas 27 August 2013 (has links)
Komplexe Oxide weisen interessante, funktionelle Eigenschaften wie Ferroelektrizität, magnetische Ordnung, hohe Spinpolarisation der Ladungsträger, Multiferroizität und Hochtemperatursupraleitung auf. Diese große Vielfalt sowie die Realisierbarkeit des epitaktischen Wachstums von Heterostrukturen aus verschiedenen oxidischen Komplexverbindungen eröffnen zahlreiche technologische Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für die oxidbasierte Mikroelektronik.
Der Schwerpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt auf der Untersuchung der Charakteristik des Ladungstransportes und insbesondere des Einflusses photogenerierter Ladungsträger auf diesen. Hierzu wurden die zwei vielversprechenden und momentan rege erforschten oxidischen Systeme La0,7Ce0,3MnO3 (LCeMO) und LiNbO3 (LNO) untersucht. Der erste Teil der vorliegenden Arbeit widmet sich der Untersuchung des photoinduzierten Ladungstransports in auf SrTiO3-Substrat gewachsenen LCeMO-Dünnfilmen. LCeMO ist als elektronendotierter Gegenpart zu den wohlbekannten und lochdotierten Manganaten wie La0,7Ca0,3MnO3 von großem Interesse für Anwendungen in der Spintronik so z.B. im spinpolarisierten p-n-übergang.
Der Einfluss der Sauerstoffstöchiometrie, der chemischen Phasensegregation der Cer-Dotanden und der photogenerierten Ladungsträger auf die Manganvalenz und damit die Elektronenkonzentration in den LCeMO-Dünnfilmen wurde mittels Röntgenphotoelektronenspektroskopie (XPS) untersucht. Hierbei wurde eine Erhöhung der Elektronenkonzentration durch Reduktion des Sauerstoffgehalts oder durch Beleuchtung mit UV-Licht festgestellt. Messungen der Temperaturabhängigkeit des Widerstands haben einen photoinduzierten Isolator-Metall-übergang in den reduzierten LCeMO-Dünnfilmen gezeigt. Durch Auswertung der magnetfeldbedingten Widerstandsänderungen im beleuchteten und unbeleuchteten Zustand konnte dieser Isolator-Metall-übergang eindeutig auf eine Parallelleitung durch das SrTiO3-Substrat zurückgeführt werden.
Der zweite Teil dieser Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Ladungstransport in Einkristallen des uniaxialen Ferroelektrikums LNO. Durch Vergleich der Volumenleitfähigkeit in eindomänigem LNO mit der Leitfähigkeit durch mehrdomänige Kristalle mit zahlreichen geladenen Domänenwänden konnte sowohl im abgedunkelten als auch im beleuchteten Zustand eine im Vergleich zur Volumenleitfähigkeit um mehrere Größenordnungen höhere Domänenwandleitfähigkeit festgestellt werden. Dabei ist die Domänenwandleitfähigkeit unter Beleuchtung mit Photonenenergien größer als der Bandlücke deutlich höher als im abgedunkelten Zustand. / Complex oxides exhibit a variety of functional properties, such as ferroelectricity, magnetic ordering, high spin polarization of the charge carriers, multiferroicity and high-temperature superconductivity. This wide variety of functional properties of complex oxides combined with their structural compatibility facilitates epitaxial growth of oxide heterostructures with tailored functional properties for applications in oxide-based microelectronic devices.
The focus of the present thesis lies on the characterization of the photoinduced charge transport in two intriguing complex oxides of current scientific interest, namely the electron doped mixed valence manganite La0,7Ce0,3MnO3 (LCeMO) and the ferroelectric LiNbO3 (LNO). The first part adresses the photoinduced charge transport in thin films of LCeMO grown on SrTiO3 substrates. LCeMO, being the electron doped counterpart to well known hole doped manganites like La0,7Ca0,3MnO3, is of current interest for spintronic applications like spin-polarized p-n-junctions.
The influence of the oxygen stoichiometry, the chemical phase separation of cerium and of the photogenerated charge carriers on the manganese valence and hence the electron concentration in the LCeMO films were investigated with X-ray-photoelectron spectroscopy. This measurements revealed an increase in electron doping by reduction of the oxygen content or by illumination with UV-light. Measurements of the temperature dependence of the resistance of the reduced LCeMO films showed a photoinduced insulator-metal transition. Analysis of the magnetoresistive properties of the samples in the illuminated and dark state clearly revealed that this insulator-metal transition is caused by a parallel conduction through the SrTiO3 substrate.
The second part of this thesis is dedicated to the charge transport in single crystals of the uniaxial ferroelectric LNO. A comparison of the bulk conductivity of single domain crystals with the conductivity of multidomain crystals with numerous charged domain walls revealed an several orders of magnitude higher domain wall conductivity as compared to the bulk conductivity. Such domain wall conductivity could be observed in the illuminated as well as in the dark state, although the domain wall conductivity was much higher for super-bandgap illumination.
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