Thesis (Ph. D.)--Northwestern University, 2000. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 61-11, Section: A, page: 4505. Adviser: John O. Hunwick.

No description available.

Th. 3e cycle--Hist.--Paris 1, 1973-1974.

141 leaves. Adviser: David J. Finlay. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call numbers: KNIGHT DT551.8 .W6; and: SCA Archiv Storage Theses W8387. / Adviser: David J. Finlay

Le Degré Carré de Massigui (Mali Sud) est composé de roches métavolcano-sédimentaires et de grandes masses de roches plutoniques d’âge paléoprotérozoïque. Il est traversé par une zone de cisaillement d’échelle crustale qui se localise à l’interface du batholite de Massigui et des roches métavolcano-sédimentaires encaissantes. Cette zone de cisaillement est jalonnée de corps dioritiques et granitoïdiques. Sa compréhension représente un enjeu au niveau régional.Les roches paléoprotérozoïques sont peu affleurantes et la région est recouverte par d’abondantes formations latéritiques qui empêchent de voir les contacts entre les différents ensembles lithostructuraux et peu d’études géologiques fondamentales ont été faites sur la région malgré son fort potentiel minier. La compréhension de la géologie de la région requiert une approche multidisciplinaire alliant des travaux de terrain et en laboratoire (étude pétrostrucurale, observations microscopiques, géochimie des roches et des minéraux), utilisée dans cette thèse.Les données récoltés dans le cadre de cette thèse, indiquent une mise en place parentée des roches dioritiques et granitoïdiques qui jalonnent la zone de cisaillement du Banifing. Cette mise en place se fait à la faveur du fonctionnement de l’accident cisaillant du Banifing le long duquel se met en place une suite magmatique qui montre une évolution complète depuis les diorites jusqu’aux granites en passant par les monzodiorites et les granodiorites. Cette suite magmatique a été appelée suite plutonique du Banifing. / The Massigui degree sheet (South Mali) is composed of metavolcano sedimentary rocks and large masses of plutonic rocks of Paleoproterozoic age. It is crossed by a shear zone of crustal scale, which is set up in the interface of the batholith and metavolcano sedimentary sequences. The shear zone is littered with bodies of dioritic and granitoid rocks. The understanding and studying of such matter have become a regional issue.Paleoproterozoic rocks don’t crop out well and the area is covered by abundant lateritic formations, which prevent us from seeing the contacts between different units and few academic geological studies have been done on the region despite its high mineral potential. The understanding of the geology of the region required a multidisciplinary approach combining both field work and laboratory, (e.g. petrostructural study, microscopic observations, geochemistry of rocks and minerals) which were undertaken in this thesis.The data collected as part of this thesis, indicate a fundamental link between dioritic rocks and granitoid that line the shear zone Banifing. This establishment is to support the functioning of the occurrence of shearing Banifing along magmatic suite implements, which shows a complete evolution from diorites to the granites through the monzodiorites and granodiorites. This suite has been called magmatic plutonic suite of Banifing.

Yes / The context in Mali has changed considerably in the last few years. Progress on poverty eradication, growth and democratization was stalled as conflict erupted in 2012 but resumed in 2013 and is now slowly getting back on track. A preliminary agreement was signed in 2013 setting the frame for peace talks that are still on-going with Algeria as chief mediator. In spite of these negotiations, violent clashes and attacks by armed groups continue in the northern regions of the country. The post-conflict setting in Mali has created new challenges for the Swedish development cooperation portfolio.

L'empowerment est considéré comme un processus qui favorise le développement de pouvoirs par des personnes qui en sont dépourvues. Il constitue aussi un levier intéressant de réduction des inégalités entre les groupes sociaux. Il passe par une multitude de moyens et stratégies qui dépendent des réalités de vie des personnes concernées. Diverses recherches ont montré que l'économie sociale et solidaire (ÉSS) est un puissant levier par lequel les actions d'empowerment se concrétisent de manière durable puisqu'elle permet aux personnes en situation de vulnérabilité d'unir leurs forces et de faire les changements profonds nécessaires pour une justice sociale. Au Mali, les inégalités entre les hommes et les femmes sont importantes et elles s'amplifient depuis quelques années avec la pauvreté qui sévit dans les milieux de vie des populations. Pour réduire ces inégalités, le gouvernement appuyé par ses partenaires internationaux opte pour un empowerment des femmes, centré sur leur autonomisation économique. Pour ce faire, de nombreuses actions sont développées avec des organisations de femmes. Les centres d'autopromotion des femmes (CAFE) sont les moyens par lesquels l'empowerment des femmes des milieux ruraux maliens est soutenu, et ce, à travers leur autonomisation économique. Les CAFE réunissent les organisations des femmes qui relèvent du domaine de l'ÉSS notamment les associations et les coopératives et leur gestion est assuré par les regroupements que les responsables de ces organisations forment. Une recherche réalisée en 2017 a montré que les CAFE favorisent bien cette autonomisation économique et permettent aux femmes qui en sont membres de construire une certaine force collective. En revanche, les CAFE ne permettent pas aux femmes de développer des capacités de transformation des normes sociales qui donnent le pouvoir aux hommes et fait d'eux les dominants dans les sphères sociale, économique et politique. Notre thèse s'intéresse à cet apparent paradoxe en cherchant à répondre à la question suivante : empowerment des femmes rurales et économie sociale et solidaire : quels enjeux pour le développement de la capacité de transformation sociale au travers de centres d'autopromotion des femmes au Mali ? Pour aborder cette question, nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement à l'une des dimensions de l'empowerment : le « pouvoir intérieur ». Notre recherche s'est déroulée auprès des femmes de trois CAFE situés en milieu rural malien : Kita, Toubacoro et Dioïla. Elle prend appui sur une posture féministe postcoloniale qui met les femmes concernées et leurs points de vue au cœur de la recherche. Elle reconnait que les femmes ne sont pas une population homogène et que divers rapports de pouvoir existent entre elles. Par conséquent, elle utilise une approche intersectionnelle non seulement pour tenir compte de cette diversité de pouvoirs mais aussi pour rendre compte de l'interconnexion du sexisme et de l'âgisme dans les sphères sociale, économique et politique. En plus de la forte internalisation de la domination masculine par les femmes des CAFE, les résultats montrent qu'elles sont des actrices importantes de la perpétuation de la domination masculine. Les résultats montrent aussi que si le développement du « pouvoir intérieur » est indispensable pour l'empowerment des femmes, il ne demeure pas une priorité pour les CAFE et leurs organisations. / Empowerment is seen as a process that promotes the development of power by people who lack it. It is also an interesting lever for reducing inequalities between social strata. It goes through a multitude of means and strategies which depend on the realities of life of the people concerned. Various research has shown that the social and solidarity economy (SSE) is a powerful lever through which empowerment actions take shape in a sustainable manner since it allows people in vulnerable situations to join forces and make changes. profoundly necessary for social justice. In Mali, the inequalities between men and women are significant and they have been amplified in recent years with the poverty that has raged in the living environments of the populations. To reduce these inequalities, the government, supported by its international partners, opts for the empowerment of women, centered on their economic empowerment. To do this, many actions have been developed with women's organizations. Women's Self-Promotion Centers (CAFE) are the means by which the empowerment of rural Malian women is supported, through their economic empowerment. CAFE bring together women's organizations in the field of SSE, particularly associations and cooperatives, and their management is carried out by the groups formed by the heads of these organizations. Research carried out in 2017 showed that CAFE do well to promote this economic empowerment and allow women who are members to build a certain collective strength. In contrast, CAFE do not allow women to develop the capacity to transform social norms that empower men and make them dominant in the social, economic and political spheres. Our thesis focuses on this apparent paradox by seeking to answer the following question: empowerment of rural women and the social and solidarity economy: what are the challenges for the development of the capacity for social transformation through women's self-promotion centers in Mali? ? To address this question, we are particularly interested in one of the dimensions of empowerment: "power within". Our research was carried out with the women of three CAFE located in rural Mali: Kita, Toubacoro and Dioïla. It is based on a postcolonial feminist posture which places the women concerned and their points of view at the heart of research. She recognizes that women are not a homogeneous population and that various power relationships exist between them. Therefore, she uses an intersectional approach not only to account for this diversity of powers but also to account for the interconnectedness of sexism and ageism in the social, economic and political spheres. In addition to the strong internalization of male domination by CAFE women, the results show that they are important actors in the perpetuation of male domination. The results also show that while the development of "power within" is essential for the empowerment of women, it does not remain a priority for CAFE and their organizations.

Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2015

Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2014

Rice production in Sub-Sahara Africa is hampered by drought stress, low farmer adoption of improved varieties, un-adapted germplasm, problems of crossability between species and problems of efficient emasculation. This study was initiated to: (1) determine farmer preferences for rice varieties and production practices, (2) identify drought tolerant parental lines for use in interspecific crosses, (3) determine crossability between different rice species, (4) identify drought tolerant interspecific segregants from crosses, and (5) study the efficacy of ethrel and gibberrilic acid (GA3) as chemical hybridising agents. Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) was conducted in Sikasso region in the month of September 2005 to determine farmer preferences for varieties and production constraints. A total of 125 rice farmers from 10 villages participated. This study found that farmer preferences for rice traits did not coincide with the breeders' objectives and trait preferences varied across ecologies. In upland and lowland rice ecologies, the most preferred characteristic was short duration. In the lowland tall plants was most preferred and short duration trait ranked second. Long duration ranked as the second most preferred trait after yield in the irrigated rice ecology. The estimated grain yield reduction was 60% due to drought stress from all ecologies. Sixteen genotypes including seven Oryza glaberrima Steud, six interspecific (0. saliva x 0. glaberrima) inbred genotypes and two improved 0. saliva L. subsp Gaponica) genotypes, with OS 6, as drought tolerant check were screened for drought tolerance at the vegetative stage during the dry seasons of 2004 and 2005 at Samanko research station, in Mali. Most of the genotypes could be regarded as exhibiting drought tolerance and avoidance mechanisms for most of the morpho-physiological characters under study. High selection index was observed for WAB 450-I-B-P-103-HB in the two season experiments. Drought stress tolerance (little leaf drying) was significantly correlated with leaf rolling, leaf area index, and plant height. Fast drought recovery was significantly correlated with drought tolerance, tiller number and leaf area index. Effects of genotypes, environment and their interactions were significant for tiller number, root dry weight and relative leaf water content. The most stable genotype was RAM 3 for tiller number and relative leaf water content. Thirteen genotypes were selected on the basis of these traits for rice hybridisation. A factorial arrangement involving three levels of gametocide concentrations and five application stages of the female rice parent was undertaken for each gametocide ethrel and GA3 for two seasons. Per cent empty spikelets and male sterility increased with concentration of ethrel. Male sterility induction of 41.5% and 42.8% at 2000 ppm was achieved in 2004 and 2005, respectively, while at 4000 ppm male sterility induction was 40.5 % and 46.1% in 2004 and 2005, respectively. The best application stage of ethrel that induced highest male sterility was at P4 (panicle primordium differentiation + spikelet primordium differentiation) of 46.6% in 2004 and 49.2% at PI (panicle primordium differentiation) in 2005. There was no measurement on GA3 for sterility due to lodging. Total male sterility was not achieved therefore, these gametocides could not be recommended for use as hybridising agents. Crossability was studied in four groups: group A (0. glaberrima x 0. saliva), group B (0. glaberrima x Interspecific), group C (Interspecific x 0. saliva) and group D (Interspecifics x Interspecific). High percent seed set was obtained in group D of 19.08% and group A had 9.29%, in group B the seed set was 11.26% and group Chad 6.62 %. The three best combiners as female parents based on percentage seed set were CG 14 (0.glaberrima), WAB 450-IBP-I05-HB and WAB450-I-B-P-I03-HB (interspecifics), and for male parents were NERICA 3, NERICA 2 (interspecifics) and WAB 375-B-9-H3-2 (0. sativa). Genetic components of variance and heritability estimates were studied in F3 and F4 generation progenies from North Carolina II design mating scheme. General combining ability (GCA), manly due to female and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for tiller number, plant height and specific leaf dry weight indicating that additive and non-additive genetic effects controlled these traits. Heritability estimates for drought tolerance and leaf rolling were highly significant for all the populations examined, ranging from 0.32 to 0.72 and 0.22 to 0.56, respectively. Drought tolerance expressed as little leaf drying was significantly associated with less leaf rolling, larger leaf area index, and taller plants. Some genotypes and progenies such as WBK 39-B-B-B, WBK 30-B-B and WAB 450-I-B-P-I03-HB were identified as being drought tolerant with the ability to recover quickly from drought stress. There was a strong desire for tall plants and short duration rice in upland and lowland ecologies, while high yield was preferred in irrigated ecology. Therefore, the best breeding strategy would be ecosystem breeding targeting each of the ecologies. Screening for secondary traits that have been identified to be significantly associated with rice grain yield could be used for direct selection for grain yield under drought stressed conditions. Progenies identified, as drought tolerant would be considered for use as source germplasm in breeding that target Sikasso region and any other similar ecologies. This study therefore suggested that participatory research approaches that involve all stakeholders in rice production would be valuable in identifying and generating drought tolerant and adoptable rice cultivars in the tropics of Africa with considerable impact on food security. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.