A avaliação do investimento público pode ser um importante instrumento para nortear a destinação de recursos e, assim, obter melhor desempenho na promoção do desenvolvimento na economia de um país. Nesse sentido, são necessárias técnicas adequadas para avaliar o desempenho das empresas, sobretudo das pequenas empresas. Com base em novos procedimentos de avaliação, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar a eficiência dos investimentos públicos direcionados pelo Programa de Inovação Tecnológica em Pequenas Empresas (PIPE), do programa da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP). A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Estado de São Paulo, nas empresas financiadas pela FAPESP e conduzida, inicialmente, por meio de uma survey com o propósito de coletar dados necessários para alimentar as técnicas Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) e Índice de Malmquist. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, formulou-se um modelo conceitual composto por oito hipóteses. A pesquisa de campo contemplou uma amostra de 148 projetos vinculados a 113 pequenas empresas. Os resultados foram apresentados em cinco etapas: etapa I - a evolução dos recursos financeiros destinado ao programa PIPE durante o período de 1997-2008; etapa II - análise qualitativa dos projetos nos parâmetros sobre tipo, tipologia, modelo inovativo, estratégia e localização; etapa III - análise univariada e bivariada das variáveis; etapa IV - análise de eficiência dos projetos e empresas sob a perspectiva das áreas de conhecimento e setores econômico; etapa V - a integração do DEA-Malmquist para as empresas fomentadas na fase III do programa PIPE. Utilizou-se dois teses estatísticos para validar as hipóteses: o teste de Mann-Whitney e o teste do Qui-Quadrado. Os resultados possibilitam identificar, para o órgão fomentador, melhorias no processo de análise dos projetos e, ainda, para novos empresários, recomendações com base nos projetos de eficiência máxima. / Evaluation of public investment can be an important tool to guide correctly the allocation of resources and thus achieve better performance in promoting development in the economy of a country. Accordingly, appropriate techniques are needed to evaluate the performance of businesses, particularly small businesses. Based on recent evaluation techniques, this research aims at analyzing the efficiency of public investment targeted by the Programa de Inovação Tecnológica em Pequenas Empresas (PIPE), a program of the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP). The study was conducted in FAPESP financed companies of São Paulo and led initially by means of a survey in order to collect the data needed to feed the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Index. To achieve this purpose, formulated a conceptual model composed with eight research hypotheses. The field research was performed with a sample of 148 projects linked to 113 small businesses. The results were presented in five stages: Stage I - the evolution of financial resources for the PIPE program during the period 1997-2008, stage II - qualitative analysis of project parameters on type, typology, innovation models, strategy and location; stage III - univariate and bivariate analysis of variables; stage IV - efficiency analysis of projects and companies from the perspective of knowledge areas and economic sectors; stage V - the integration of the DEA-Malmquist encouraged companies to phase III of the PIPE program. Used two test to validate the statistical assumptions: the Mann-Whitney and Chi-Square test. The results enable us to identify, for the national developers, improvements to the analysis of projects and also for new entrepreneurs, recommendations based on projects for maximum efficiency.

A agropecuária brasileira tem crescido nas últimas décadas e os ganhos de produtividade tem sido importante neste bom desempenho do setor. O presente trabalho tem dois objetivos principais. O primeiro deles foi mensurar o crescimento desta produtividade total dos fatores na agropecuária brasileira estadual, decompondo o crescimento da PTF em progresso tecnológico e eficiência técnica. O segundo objetivo foi analisar o efeito do crescimento da PTF da agropecuária brasileira sobre os preços agrícolas, no Brasil, de 1970 a 2006. O crescimento desta produtividade foi mensurado a partir dos insumos terra, trabalho e capital na função de produção translog sob orientação do produto, a partir do método de Fronteira Estocástica de Produção e do índice de produtividade de Malmquist. Para avaliar o efeito do crescimento da PTF sobre os preços agrícolas foi construído o índice de preços agrícolas utilizando-se o Índice de preços de Laspeyres para estimar o vetor autoregressivo em painel (panel- VAR), acrescentando as variáveis produtividade total dos fatores (PTF), salário rural, financiamento agrícola e renda per capita domiciliar. Além disso, foi aplicado o teste de causalidade, no sentido de Granger, e estimada a função impulso resposta. A base de dados utilizada foi, obtida do Censo Agropecuário, a nível estadual, para os anos de 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1995 e 2006. Os resultados indicaram que a taxa de crescimento da PTF foi crescente no Brasil e nos estados, sendo que, na maior parte das vezes, é explicada pelo progresso tecnológico, positivo e crescente para todos os estados. A eficiência técnica variou ao longo dos anos, apresentado taxas de crescimento médias positivas para a maioria dos estados. Em média, os estados estiveram situados abaixo da fronteira de produção da agropecuária brasileira. São Paulo foi o estado com maior nível de eficiência técnica. Embora a taxa de crescimento médio anual tenha sido positiva ao longo do período analisado, a eficiência reduziu para todos os estados analisados em 2006. Da análise dos efeitos do crescimento da PTF sobre os preços agrícolas, a PTF tem causalidade, no sentido de Granger, sobre os preços agrícolas. Na função impulso resposta, o choque inicial na variável PTF reduziu os preços nos primeiros anos. Assim, o crescimento da PTF do setor agropecuário contribuiu para o aumento da oferta de produtos, reduzindo os preços agrícolas. A maior disponibilidade de alimentos e, com a redução dos preços dos alimentos, os consumidores, principalmente os de renda mais baixa puderam ter maior acesso aos alimentos. / The Brazilian agriculture has grown in recent decades and productivity gains have been important in this good performance of the sector. This work had two main objectives. The first one was measure the growth of this total factor productivity in agriculture by the Brazilian\'s states, decomposing TFP growth by technological progress, technical efficiency and economies of scale. The second objective was to analyze the effect of TFP growth of Brazilian agriculture on agricultural prices. The growth in productivity was measured from the inputs like labor, gross and capital in the translog production function, from the Stochastic Frontier Analysis and of the outputoriented Malmquist productivity index. To analyze the effect of TFP growth on agricultural prices was constructed an index of agricultural prices through the Laspeyres price index to estimate the vector autoregressive panel (panel-VAR) and establish the relationships between TFP, rural wages, agricultural finance and income per capita household. The Granger causality test and the impulse response function were used to the data panel. The database used obtained from the Agricultural Census, at the state level for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1995 and 2006. The results showed that the growth rate of TFP has been growing in Brazil and in the states, and technological progress explained most of the growth being positive and growing for all states. Technical efficiency varied over the years, presented positive average growth rates for most states. The states were located below the production frontier of Brazilian agriculture and São Paulo was the state with the highest level of technical efficiency. Although the average annual growth rate has been increasing over the period analyzed, the efficiency decreased to all state analyzed in 2006. The results also showed that TFP growth has causality in the sense of Granger, on agricultural prices. In the impulse response function, the initial shock in TFP decreased prices in the early years. Thus, TFP growth of the agricultural sector contributed to the increased supply of agricultural products, reducing agricultural prices. The greater availability of food and with reducing food prices, consumers, especially those from lower income might had greater access to food.

Denna studie undersöker sambandet mellan svenska bankers förändring i effektivitet samt produktivitet och det ökande användandet av betaltjänsten Swish. Det undersökta urvalet är elva svenska banker under perioden 2006-2021. Ett centralt begrepp i studien är produktivitetsparadoxen som innebär att investeringar i IT är svåra att fånga upp i en produktivitetsmätning. För att testa sambanden används först en DEA-baserad Malmquist Index för att beräkna bankernas produktivitets- samt effektivitetsvärden, vilka sedan används som beroende variabler i en regression tillsammans med de oberoende Swish-variablerna. Trots det utbredda användandet av Swish i landet finner vi endast negativa samband som är statistiskt signifikanta mellan variablerna för årligt antal Swish-transaktioner samt Swish-användare, vilket kan ses som stöd för existensen av en produktivitetsparadox.

Le premier chapitre de ma thèse est une revue de la littérature générale relative aux fusions-acquisitions bancaires. Le deuxième chapitre propose une analyse empirique des activités de fusions et acquisitions dans le secteur bancaire chinois. J’analyse 14 banques commerciales chinoises entre l'année 1998 et 2007 en utilisant l’indice de Malmquist. Les résultats montrent que la productivité de ces 14 banques commerciales chinoises s’est accrue annuellement de 6,3%. Le troisième chapitre utilise un modèle théorique pour analyser l'effet complexe d'entrée des banques étrangères sur l'activité des banques domestiques. Je modélise trois modes d’entrée de banques étrangères : (1) la création d'une nouvelle filiale, (2) des fusions et acquisitions avec une banque publique et (3) des fusions et acquisitions avec des Joint Stock Banks. Nous constatons que, lorsque l'entrée de banques étrangères se fait par la création d'une nouvelle filiale, les effets positifs dominent les effets négatifs quand la banque étrangère a un assez bon accès aux marchés monétaires internationaux. Sur la base de l’utilisation de la base de données « Thomson One », le quatrième chapitre de thèse est consacré à une l'analyse empirique (une analyse de régression) pour de 6 pays asiatiques pour la période 1998-2011. Nos résultats indiquent que l'entrée des banques étrangères est associée à une augmentation de la rentabilité des banques domestiques. Nous avons constaté que les fusions-acquisitions entre des banques domestiques et étrangères ont un effet positif sur la rentabilité des banques domestiques, en particulier pour les activités nécessitant le moins d’expertise. / The first chapter of my thesis is the general literature review of mergers and acquisitions in the banking industry. The second chapter provides an empirical analysis founded on the Malmquist total factor productivity change. I analyze China's 14 commercial banks from year 1998 to year 2007 by making use of Malmquist total factor productivity index. The results show that these 14 Chinese commercial banks experienced average of 6.3% annual productivity growth rate. The third chapter of my thesis is a theoretical model about impact of the entry of foreign banks for domestic banking industry. I select three entry modes: the creation of a new subsidiary, the M&A activity with a State Owned Bank and the M\&A activity with Joint Stock Banks. The model considered the conditions under which domestic bank shareholders increase their profits after an entry mode corresponding to cases (2) and (3). The fourth chapter of my thesis is based on the theoretical model of chapter 3, I conduct an empirical analysis. This chapter is concerned mainly the foreign bank entry effect in developing Asian economies. Using a data set of 86 banks from 6 Asian countries (China, India, Indonesia, Korea, Philippines and Thailand) for the 1998-2011 period, this chapter examines the effect of foreign banks M&As activities in domestic banking industry. Our results indicate that foreign bank entry is associated with an increase in domestic banks' profitability and the level of foreign bank penetration is more important than whether foreign bank conducted M&A activities with domestic banks.

The purpose of this paper is to quantify the efficiency with which Taiwan universities utilize their teaching and scale resources. The study estimates the cost efficiency of 46 universities over the period 2001-2003 with 5 input and 4 output using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The present study differs from previous cost and efficiency studies of Taiwan universities in three ways. First, it discusses the scale (land square) in the performance. Second, it considers the combination policy of recent year in Taiwan. The last, this paper is using Malmquist index of 3 years data, which is less discussed in Taiwan. The results show that Taiwan universities have a bad performance in the scale efficiency, and land square of universities do effect the performance, but the location in Taiwan does not. And the established year also does not effect the performance. Second, many private universities have better performance in the technical efficiency from VRS DEA, but the newly established universities do not have scale efficiency very well. Third, compare Taiwan universities with the University of Tsukuba, only National Tsing Hua University can contend with.

In this essay, we use two stage data envelopment analysis (Two-stage DEA) with an application to evaluate the efficiency of six teams from Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) during 2004 to 2005. In the essay, we use three methods to develop the research. First, we use the Window Analysis based on fewer DMUs situation. Second, the modification across different period has been made by Malmquist Index Analysis. Last one is Cross Efficiency; we use it for ranking efficiency performance for those teams during 2004 to 2005. According to above methods, it shows that: 1. the efficiency performance of Brother Elephants, Sinon Bulls, Chinatrust Whales, Uni Lions in the management stage is better than it in the production stage, vice versa Macoto Cobras and La new Bears in the production stage is better than management stage. 2. Each team is over optimal scale in the production stage during 2004 to 2005. 3. The result of overall performance during is shown as following place: Bulls, Elephants, Lions, Cobras, Whales, Bears; the orders in production stage are Cobras, Whales, Bulls, Bears, Elephants, Lions; the orders in management stage are Elephants, Bulls, Lions, Cobras, Bears, Whales. 4. The Malmquist Productivity Index across different period each year indicates that only La new Bears reach 4.7% according average growth rate.

This thesis measures the effects of transformation of Turkish banks from a &ldquo / traditional&rdquo / one to a &ldquo / modern&rdquo / one over the period 2002-2009 and 2008 global financial crisis on efficiency of Turkish banks. Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index is constructed using data envelopment analysis to measure the efficiency change in Turkish banking sector. The paper also analyzes the sensitivity of efficiency measures to different descriptions of inputs and outputs by employing two different approaches to describe the inputs and outputs of a bank. The major difference between the approaches is the use of deposits and non-deposit funds as input or output. Both confirm that the efficiency of the Turkish banking sector had increased over the period under examination and 2008 global financial crisis had adversely affected the efficiency of Turkish banks. The results show that the banks which had advanced in transformation to modern banking before 2001 financial crisis had experienced higher than the average increments in efficiency in the post-2001 financial crisis period.

In recent years, the risks created by the import of energy on the security of energy supply has encouraged countries to utilize local resources to a greater extend, and for many countries including Turkey coal is at the top of the local resources. However, it is not sufficient for countries to have an energy resource itself. Intens competition in today&#039 / s globalized system requires the resources to be produced and utilized in the most economical manner. The supply of the resources to the market in a competitive way is possible by employing an efficient operation, which is then possible only through the business units producing these resources working efficiently. In this study, the efficiencies of the eight establishments of the Turkish Coal Enterprises (TKI) between 2006 to 2009 were analyzed by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Super Efficiency (SE) and Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index (MI) methodologies. For the analyses, three output oriented models were constructed and used: Production Efficiency, Revenue Efficiency and Work Safety Efficiency models. In determining the input and output data used in the analyses, it was benefited from similar studies searched in the literature, knowledge of business and economics and a series of brainstorming of the expert panel consisting of ten high level representatives of the public and private lignite mining companies as well as that of the Turkish Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. As a part of the analyses, first the production and revenue efficiencies of the establishments were analyzed by using Constant Return to Scale (CRS) and Variable Return to Scale (VRS) methods of DEA. Within this context, efficient and inefficient establishments for the years between 2006 to 2009, and benchmarks for inefficient establishments to move to becoming efficient were determined. Furthermore, for the production and revenue efficiency models, the target values and improvement potentials for the inefficient establishments in CRS analyses to becoming more efficient were calculated by using benchmarks tables and 2009 realized values of inputs and outputs. Second, the efficiency rankings of the efficient establishments among themselves between 2006 to 2009 were determined by using SE methodology. Third, to provide the dynamic analysis of the development of the establishments&#039 / s efficiency levels in time, the changes of production, revenue and work safety efficiencies of the establishments between 2006 to 2009 were analyzed using the Malmquist Index (MI) methodology. MI analyses included the analysis of the efficiencies in four efficiency components (Technical, Technological, Pure and Scale efficiencies) as well as the calculation of the Total Factor Productivity Indexes of the establishments.

This research use three phase stage- Data Envelopment Analysis to examine six power transmit organizations of Taipower Company from 2002 to 2006 regarding the statistical data of Taipower Company. In phase one, using SBM-DEA method analyses the management efficiency and the amount of input and output variable. Second, using SFA regression analysis probe into the environmental variable influencing degree to each power transmit organizations of Taipower Company. In addition, it take account of the environmental effect and the random interference effect to improve input and output variable. Finally, by way of DEA and Malmguist productivity index, it can measure the relative effects and the productivity change situation between each power transmit organization. The model result shows that SBM-DEA can weigh input difference and total output difference at the same time, by the way of using ratio adjustment, it can determine the really administration efficiency of every power transmit organization. According to phase one analysis results, Only 7 DMUs efficiency value are 1, it is 23% of all the DMUs efficiency value and shows that still have very big improvement space. By the regression analysis of phase 2, we know that the environmental parameter will exert an huge influence on input and output difference, in which the most influence is total asserts rate for working capital, asserts value, accident times, circuit lose and power supply. After adjustment every DMUs, there are 20 efficiency values getting higher, with 5 efficiency values unchanged, with 5 efficiency values decreasing. The amount of getting higher efficiency value is approximately 67% all of the DMUs. After adjustment environmental parameter, there is above 73% change in rank, with 9 DMUs advancement in rank ,13 DMUs degeneracy in rank, and only 8 DMUs unchanged. It shows that 9 DMUs work in unwell environment before adjustment, and 13 DMUs work in well environment before adjustment. It also shows that each power transmit organization still exist difference in working environment. Although the whole power transmit system efficiency represent is no bad ,but it still has large improvement space. Furthermore, according to Malmquist model efficiency index analysis from 2002 to 2006 data of power transmit system show that the total productivity element in Taipei, Hsintou, Chinan and Kaoping power transmit organization are higher than 1, it can attributes to the increasing of technology ,and Taizhong, Huitung, power transmit organization are lesser than 1, it can attributes to the decreasing of technology efficiency.

This research use three phase stage- Data Envelopment Analysis to examine 49 police stations, 10 police precincts of Kaohsiung City Government Police Bureau(KCGPB) from 2003 to 2007 regarding the statistical data of KCGPB. In phase one, using SBM-DEA method analyses the management efficiency and the amount of input and output variable. In second phase, using SFA regression analyses to probe into the environmental variable influencing degree to each police station of KCGPB. In addition, it takes account of the environmental effect and the random interference effect to improve input and output variable. Finally, by way of DEA and Malmguist productivity index, it can measure the relative effects and the productivity change situations between each police station. The model result shows that SBM-DEA can weigh input difference and total output difference at the same time, by the way of using ratio adjustment, it can determine the really administration efficiency of every police station. According to phase one analysis results, 245 DMUs efficiency values are below 1, it is almost 100% of all the DMUs efficiency values and shows that still have very big improvement space. By the regression analysis of phase 2, we know that the environmental parameter will exert an huge influence on input and output difference, in which the most influence is the environmental parameters of violence crime on duty-costs, public services, and real-time solution of criminal cases. After adjustment every DMUs, there are 245 efficiency values getting higher. The amount of getting higher efficiency value is almost 100% of all the DMUs. After adjustment environmental parameter, about 96% change in rank, with 24 DMUs advancement in rank, 23 DMUs degeneracy in rank, and only 2 DMUs unchanged. It shows that 24 DMUs work in unwell environment before adjustment, and 23 DMUs work in well environment before adjustment. It also shows that each police station still exist difference in working environment. Although the whole efficiency of thw police stations represent is not bad, but it still has large improvement space. Furthermore, according to Malmquist model efficiency index analysis from 2003 to 2007 data of all police stations shows that the total productivity element in Sanming First Precinct, Sanming Second Precinct, Cianjhen Precinct, Gushan Precinct, Yancheng Precinct, Zuoying Precinct and Siaogang Precinct are higher than 1, it can attributes to the increasing of technology; Sinsing and Lingya Precincts are lesser than 1, it can attributes to the decreasing of technology efficiency.