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Simulations are a powerful tool used to reduce development time and cost in the vehicle industry. However, the models used in simulations are simplifications of reality, and there are commonly contradicting requirements between accuracy and computational efficiency. Vehicles are constructed with a large number of parts joined together with bolts, welds and other joints. At these locations and other places where different surfaces come in contact, the contact can have a considerable effect on the dynamic behaviour of the part and capturing this effect in simulations can be difficult because of their nonlinear nature.  This thesis aims to evaluate different methods for simulating contacts and their effects under dynamic conditions. The thesis is performed at Scania, one of the top commercial vehicle manufacturer, which aims to increase the use of simulations in the design of their vehicles to have better designs with lower cost and time investments.  This thesis uses the multibody simulation software Adams Car to evaluate two different contact simulation methods, one developed by Adams and the other is the softwareMamba developed by Magna. Mamba defines special modes called Joint-interface modes, which capture the deformation in the vicinity of the contact. The contact simulations are compared with some of the existing simulation methods and physical test data by implementing it on cases where contact plays an important role in dynamic behaviour. Two such cases are identified as the leaf spring and the frame-subframe assembly. For the leaf spring example, the stiffness and energy dissipation were compared for Mamba simulations with the Adams built-in multi-beam model and physical test data. The stiffness with the Mamba contact model better matched the test data, but the energy dissipation was better modelled with the Adams leaf spring model. For the frame-subframe assembly, the effect of the Mamba contact modes was evaluated for random vibration tests by comparing acceleration Power Spectral Density (PSD), relative displacement and Operating Deflection Shape (ODS) analysis. The Adams contact model was also implemented for this case but could not converge to a solution. Improvement in accuracy was observed with Mamba contact simulations compared to simulations which ignored contact, but with the drawback of significantly higher simulation times. / Simuleringar är ett kraftfullt verktyg som används för att minska utvecklingstiden och kostnaderna i fordonsindustrin. De modeller som används i simuleringar är dock förenklingar av verkligheten, och det finns vanligtvis motstridiga krav mellan noggrannhet och beräkningseffektivitet. Fordon är konstruerade med ett stort antal delar sammanfogade med bultar, svetsar och andra skarvar. På dessa platser och andra platser där olika ytor kommer i kontakt kan kontakten ha en avsevärd effekt på delens dynamiska beteende och att fånga denna effekt i simuleringar kan vara svårt på grund av deras olinjära karaktär. Detta examensarbete syftar till att utvärdera olika metoder för att simulera kontakter och deras effekter under dynamiska förhållanden. Examensarbetet har utförts hos Scania, en av de främsta tillverkarna av kommersiella fordon, som har som mål att öka användningen av simuleringar i utformningen av sina fordon för att få bättre konstruktioner med lägre kostnads och tidsinvesteringar. Detta examensarbete använder multikroppssimuleringsprogramvaran Adams Car för att utvärdera två olika kontaktsimuleringsmetoder, en utvecklad av Adams och denna andra är Mamba som är utvecklad av Magna. Mamba definierar ‘Joint interface modes’, som fångar upp deformationen i närheten av kontakten. Kontaktsimuleringen med Mamba jämförs med några av de befintliga simuleringsmetoderna samt fysiska testdata genom att implementera den i fall där kontakt spelar en viktig roll i det dynamiska beteendet. Två sådana fall identifieras som bladfjädern och ram-subramenheten. För blad-fjäder exemplet jämfördes styvhet och energiförlust för Mamba simuleringar med Adams inbyggda multi-balksmodell och fysiska testdata. Styvheten med Mamba-kontaktmodellen stämde bättre överens med testdata, men energiförlusten modellerades bättre med Adams bladfjädermodell. För ram-subramenheten utvärderades effekten av kontaktmoderna i Mamba för slumpmässiga vibrationstest genom att jämföra spektraltätheten för accelerationerna Power Spectral Density (PSD), relativ förskjutning och Operating Deflection Shape (ODS) analys. Adams kontaktmodell implementerades också för detta fall men kunde inte konvergera till en lösning. Förbättring i noggrannhet observerades med Mamba kontaktsimuleringar jämfört med simuleringar som ignorerade kontakt, men med nackdelen med betydligt längre simuleringstider.

As one of the poorest countries in the world, Tanzania faces various kinds of problems. The housing situation is poor in the whole country, especially in rural areas where the main part of the population lives in mud houses. The report is focused on modern houses and is aimed at finding sustainable low cost solutions to be used as alternatives for existing techniques. The report is based on a field study in the Mamba district, Tanzania during 8 weeks in 2009. The traditional mud houses are poor and do not live up to a decent standard of living. The living conditions are extremely primitive in these houses and pose a health risk to the occupants. Modern houses provide a better standard of living and are good investments for future generations. The building design and technology can be rationalised and improved and building costs can be reduced through alternative methods. There are several ways in which building costs can be reduced. Focus should be on using local materials to minimise expensive transport costs. Cement is the single most expensive building material and should be replaced by other materials where possible. However, it is important that sustainability of the construction is not impaired. In the long term, it is better to invest in proper sustainable building structures even if the costs will increase. This study has resulted in sustainable low cost alternatives to the current building technology that the local builders can benefit from. Tradition is strong in Tanzania and changes may take long to implement. The alterations suggested and discussed in this report can be considered as a good basis for development of the current building design and technology in the Mamba district.

<p>As one of the poorest countries in the world, Tanzania faces various kinds of problems. The housing situation is poor in the whole country, especially in rural areas where the main part of the population lives in mud houses.</p><p>The report is focused on modern houses and is aimed at finding sustainable low cost solutions to be used as alternatives for existing techniques.</p><p>The report is based on a field study in the Mamba district, Tanzania during 8 weeks in 2009.</p><p>The traditional mud houses are poor and do not live up to a decent standard of living. The living conditions are extremely primitive in these houses and pose a health risk to the occupants. Modern houses provide a better standard of living and are good investments for future generations. The building design and technology can be rationalised and improved and building costs can be reduced through alternative methods.</p><p>There are several ways in which building costs can be reduced. Focus should be on using local materials to minimise expensive transport costs. Cement is the single most expensive building material and should be replaced by other materials where possible. However, it is important that sustainability of the construction is not impaired. In the long term, it is better to invest in proper sustainable building structures even if the costs will increase.</p><p>This study has resulted in sustainable low cost alternatives to the current building technology that the local builders can benefit from. Tradition is strong in Tanzania and changes may take long to implement. The alterations suggested and discussed in this report can be considered as a good basis for development of the current building design and technology in the Mamba district.</p>

Submitted by Kenia Bernini (kenia.bernini@ufpel.edu.br) on 2018-11-12T17:37:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Ricaro_Luis_Sampaio_Pintado_Tese.pdf: 14891681 bytes, checksum: 116531767be8c837e551084f4c677a1f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-11-13T15:58:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Ricaro_Luis_Sampaio_Pintado_Tese.pdf: 14891681 bytes, checksum: 116531767be8c837e551084f4c677a1f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-13T15:58:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Ricaro_Luis_Sampaio_Pintado_Tese.pdf: 14891681 bytes, checksum: 116531767be8c837e551084f4c677a1f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-15 / Sem bolsa / Esta tese trata da museografia desenvolvida pela arquiteta italiana Lina Bo Bardi no período de 1947 a 1968, a partir da instalação do Museu de Arte de São Paulo até a transferência para a sede na Avenida Paulista. Trata também da museografia desenvolvida neste ínterim para o Museu de Arte Moderna da Bahia. Especificamente, analisa a expografia, suas referências e desdobramentos nos museus enfocados. Ao tratar da expografia aproxima-se da arquitetura dos espaços expositivos e dos museus que projetou e instalou. A partir de fontes escritas e registro fotográfico descreve a expografia, seus dispositivos e os locais onde foram utilizados. Pretende-se assim, contribuir para a compreensão das práticas museográficas no Brasil a partir da análise da expografia desenvolvida por Lina Bo Bardi como contribuição para a expansão da imaginação museal no Brasil / This thesis pertains to the museography developed by the italian architect Lina Bo Bardi in the time period of 1947 through 1968, that includes the installation of the São Paulo Art Museum until the transfer to the new building on Paulista Avenue. This thesis also includes the museography developed in this era for the Museum of Modern Art of Bahia. Specifically it analyzes the design of exibits, their references and influences of the São Paulo and Bahia museums. When talks about the design of exibits gets close to the exposition spaces and from the museums she created and designed. From written sources and photographic records it describes the design for exhibits, its devices and where they were used. It's intending to contribute to the understanding of museum practices in Brazil from the analyzes of the exihibition design developed by Lina Bo Bardi as a contribution to the expansion of the museum imagination in Brazil

The following document sets forth the validity and usefulness of the promotional and outreach tools that industrial designers and design studios currently use to advertise their products and promote their services. From the perspective that the new media, platforms, and social networks pose as well as the technology that is associated with them, we will analyze tools and actions that traditionally have been applied by this group. From the virtual portfolio, the managing of exhibition events and creative talks, to interacting with new digital media and the general public. Focused on a national scope, the research work deals with aspects such as the current industrial designers employment situation and the industrial design economic impact in our society, always from the perspective that our recent socioeconomic measures carried out by the Different governments have imposed on this group. In addition, we have analyzed the current situation and the way of working that more than 80 currently active studies or industrial designers (from more than 380 creatives in total that have exhibited at Nude contest) and now are considered the current quarry of Spanish design. Their reality, the success or otherwise of their way of working, and the results they get, have been considered the benchmark on which to base the new methodologies of action. This study aims to show how the current industrial designers operate in a changing society, which requires to be constantly connected, sharing information and interacting, not only to maintain an updated knowledge of the reality that surrounds them at global level, but to get a place in an increasingly competitive and demanding market. / En el siguiente documento se expone la validez y utilidad de las distintas herramientas promocionales y de divulgación que los diseñadores industriales y estudios de diseño utilizan en la actualidad para dar a conocer sus productos y promocionar sus servicios. Desde la perspectiva que los nuevos medios de comunicación, plataformas, y redes sociales plantean así como la tecnología que viene asociada a ellos, se analizarán herramientas y acciones que tradicionalmente se han venido aplicando por este colectivo. Desde la creación de un portfolio virtual, la gestión de eventos expositivos y charlas creativas, hasta la interacción con los nuevos medios digitales y el público en general Centrado en un ámbito geográfico nacional, el trabajo de investigación aborda aspectos tales como la situación laboral de los actuales diseñadores industriales y la repercusión económica que el diseño industrial tiene en nuestra sociedad, siempre desde la perspectiva que las recientes medidas socioeconómicas llevadas a cabo por los distintos gobiernos han impuesto a este colectivo. Además se ha analizado la situación actual y la forma de operar de más de 80 estudios o diseñadores industriales en activo de los más de 380 creativos que han pasado por el certamen NUDE y que son considerados la actual cantera del diseño Español. Su realidad, el éxito o no de su forma de trabajar, y los resultados que obtienen, se han considera el referente sobre el cual basar las nuevas metodologías de actuación. Con este estudio se pretende mostrar cómo los actuales diseñadores industriales operan en una sociedad cambiante, que obliga a estar constantemente conectado, compartiendo información e interactuando, no solo para mantener un conocimiento actualizado al instante de la realidad que les rodea a nivel global, si no para conseguir hacerse un hueco en un mercado cada vez más competitivo y exigente. / En el següent document s'exposa la validesa i utilitat de les diferents eines promocionals i de divulgació que els dissenyadors industrials i estudis de disseny s'utilitzen en l'actualitat per donar a conèixer els seus productes i promocionar els seus serveis. Des de la perspectiva que els nous mitjans de comunicació, plataformes, i xarxes socials plantegen així com la tecnologia que ve associada a ells, s'analitzaran eines i accions que tradicionalment s'han vingut aplicant per aquest col·lectiu. Des de la creació d'un portfoli virtual, la gestió d'esdeveniments expositius i xerrades creatives, fins a la interacció amb els nous mitjans digitals i el públic en general Centrat en un àmbit geogràfic nacional, el treball de recerca aborda aspectes com ara la situació laboral dels actuals dissenyadors industrials i la repercussió econòmica que el disseny industrial té en la nostra societat, sempre des de la perspectiva que les recents mesures socioeconòmiques dutes a terme pels diferents governs han imposat a aquest col·lectiu. A més s'ha analitzat la situació actual i la forma d'operar de més de 80 estudis o dissenyadors industrials en actiu dels més de 380 creatius que han passat pel certamen Nude i que són considerats l'actual pedrera del disseny Espanyol. La seva realitat, l'èxit o no de la seva forma de treballar, i els resultats que s'obtenen, s'han considera el referent sobre el qual basar les noves metodologies d'actuació. Amb aquest estudi es pretén mostrar com els actuals dissenyadors industrials operen en una societat canviant, que obliga a estar constantment connectat, compartint informació i interactuant, no només per mantenir un coneixement actualitzat al moment de la realitat que els envolta a nivell global, si no per aconseguir fer-se un lloc en un mercat cada vegada més competitiu i exigent / Abarca Fernández, JM. (2017). Estudio y evaluación de las actuales herramientas de promoción y divulgación para el diseño [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/86215

The Pilbara region of Western Australia hosts the Hamersley Province, an area of abundant iron ore resources located in the lower Hamersley Groups, Brockman and Marra Mamba Iron Formations. This study consists of a geotechnical and a geochemical and mineralogical investigation into the Banded Iron Formation (BIF) and shale deposits of the lower Hamersley Group that reside in the pit walls of RTIO mines in Western Australia. Areas throughout Tom Price, Paraburdoo, Marandoo and West Angelas iron ore mines are geotechnically investigated for rock mass conditions through the use of the Slope Mass Rating (SMR) classification system and through point load and slake durability testing. Selected samples from these areas were then geochemically and mineralogically tested by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and microscopic analysis, to determine the geochemical and mineralogical changes of BIF and shale as they alter and weather through hypogene and supergene alteration and Recent weathering. It was found that the most efficient method for determining the alteration and/or weathering of lower Hamersley Group BIF and shale deposits was by the use of a chemical alteration index, calculated from enriched and depleted major elements in the BIF and shale as they alter and weather. It has been suggested here that this Pilbara Iron alteration index can be calculated efficiently and effectively from geochemical testing in intervals down boreholes throughout future or developing open pit mines to assist in estimating slope stability conditions. It is also suggested that many boreholes should be analysed in section or in 3D space to create cross sections or block models showing the varying extent of alteration and weathering throughout the area being studied. From the geotechnical investigation, it was found that the weakest region, in terms of pit slope stability, were the highly and extremely altered and/or weathered regions with Pilbara Iron alteration indices of between 61 and 80, and 81 and 100, respectively. If these zones are identified, slope stability analysis can be focused on these geotechnically vulnerable areas. Slope stability analysis should be completed by using a suitable technique, such as by the use of SMR, which, along with other risk identification measures, will identify potentially unstable areas and suggest the required course of action. Further hazard and risk analysis should be undertaken in potentially unstable areas and remedial measures undertaken as appropriate. Thereby, the Pilbara Iron alteration index can be used in the Hamersley Province as a predictive tool for pit slope stability.