This thesis aims to gain an insight to the properties that make a living structure and examine these properties and the concept of living structure in traditional Kastamonu Houses in the light of Christopher Alexander&amp / #8217 / s theories of wholeness and centers. Especially in the last century, building activity has become a significant field with the developments in the construction techniques and technology. In this way, human life is being shaped also, beside the earth. The traditional housing fabric, which is the heritage of years of experience and the reflection of the lifestyle of a particular society, is being neglected. In any part of the world, the number of the buildings, resembling each other so much, increases / and most of the time, they lack the values that support the quality of life. Within the scope of this thesis, first of all, Alexander&amp / #8217 / s definition of order, theories of wholeness and centers, concept of living structure are studied. Then, traditional Kastamonu houses are analyzed, both visually and spatially / and properties that make a living structure are examined. The relation between living structure and expression of self and the importance of belonging to own time and place are put forward. Then, how different centers are united together by the help of these features is seen. This study helps to understand, how to create more sensitive environments to live by studying and understanding traditional housing concepts before losing them totally. Moreover, it emphasizes the values of traditional Kastamonu houses, which support the quality of life.

The intent of this study was to design produce a comprehensible but user-friendly method that would provide a step-by-step process and guide in originating sustainable, affordable and energy efficient net-zero residential housing. The right-step procedure of the VERSAE Method was linked to the traditional vernacular architecture of the Hopi, a Native American people who still reside on part of their aboriginal lands in northeastern Arizona. The process combined traditional strategies identified in local vernacular Hopi architecture with modern strategies to successfully design sustainable, affordable and energy efficient (net-zero) housing specifically for contemporary Hopi housing. The process was documented in the capstone project, "Housing for the Hopi Community: Designing Sustainable, Affordable and Energy Efficient Housing in the Hopi Community, Linking to Cultural Patterns of Sustainability". For this thesis, the VERSAE method and process was replicate to create a sustainable, affordable and net-zero housing prototype for the Omaha Nation located in Nebraska with significantly different climate, environment, local materials and cultural patterns. Both case studies validated the VERSAE method as conductive to sustainable, affordable and energy efficient (net-zero) housing design.

Les villes arabes connaissent une dynamique d’urbanisation importante et des transformations considérables touchant les formes urbaines et les caractéristiques de l’habitat. Ainsi, les centres anciens et l’habitat traditionnel subissent des dégradations importantes. La situation des villes en Syrie n’échappe pas à cette dynamique d’ensemble. Les enjeux posés par la compréhension des processus en cours sont considérables : décrire le mouvement de recomposition de la ville syrienne actuelle et saisir les logiques du remodelage de l’espace habité. Notre intention est de s’interroger sur le devenir de la médina et de l’habitat traditionnel face à une modernisation accélérée à travers l’exemple de la troisième ville de Syrie, Homs. Notre approche vise à montrer que la forme architecturale est le lieu de déploiement de pratiques sociales, de valeurs symboliques et de schémas de représentation. Les transformations qui touchent l’espace habité du centre ancien de Homs sont-elles de même nature que celles qui affectent les appartements modernes ou les maisons néo-traditionnelles ? L’habitant qui apporte des modifications à sa maison traditionnelle exprime-t-il une identité spécifique et une modernité de l’habiter aujourd’hui en Syrie ? Notre recherche propose un diagnostic, une analyse des causes de l’évolution en cours et une démarche de sortie de crise par la redynamisation des centres anciens. Quelle patrimonialisation spécifique de l’espace domestique à Homs peut-t-on envisager ? Des orientations sont avancées pour la sauvegarde de l’espace habité traditionnel et l’élaboration d’une nouvelle pensée qui redéfinit autrement le contenu et le sens des nouveaux programmes d’habitat. / Arab cities are experiencing dramatic urbanization along with major transformations impacting on urban structures and patterns, as well as on the nature of housing and its charactéristics. So ancient city centres and traditional housing are deteriorating considerably. The situation in Syrian towns and cities is no exception to this overall trend. Understanding such ongoing processes raises important issues : describe the current re-restructuring of Syrian towns and grasp the forces that are reshaping their neighbourhoods and the living space within them. We reflect on the evolution of the medina and of traditional housing areas in the face of accelerated modernization through the third largest city in Syria, Homs. Our approach seeks toshow that architectural forms constitute a matrix where social practices, symbolic values and representation patterns are deployed. Are the modifications impacting the dwellings of the ancient centre of Homs of the same nature as those affecting modern flats or neo-traditional houses ? Does the inhabitant who modifies his traditional house express a specific identity and a new modern way of life in Syria today ? Our research offers a diagnosis an analysis of ongoing changes and an approach to find a way out of the current crisis by revitalising ancient centres. What specific heritage enhancement can be considered in the domestic sphere of the city of Homs ? Several guidelines are suggested to protect traditional living spaces and initiate a new way of defining the content as well as the meaning of urban habitat programs.

As one of the poorest countries in the world, Tanzania faces various kinds of problems. The housing situation is poor in the whole country, especially in rural areas where the main part of the population lives in mud houses. The report is focused on modern houses and is aimed at finding sustainable low cost solutions to be used as alternatives for existing techniques. The report is based on a field study in the Mamba district, Tanzania during 8 weeks in 2009. The traditional mud houses are poor and do not live up to a decent standard of living. The living conditions are extremely primitive in these houses and pose a health risk to the occupants. Modern houses provide a better standard of living and are good investments for future generations. The building design and technology can be rationalised and improved and building costs can be reduced through alternative methods. There are several ways in which building costs can be reduced. Focus should be on using local materials to minimise expensive transport costs. Cement is the single most expensive building material and should be replaced by other materials where possible. However, it is important that sustainability of the construction is not impaired. In the long term, it is better to invest in proper sustainable building structures even if the costs will increase. This study has resulted in sustainable low cost alternatives to the current building technology that the local builders can benefit from. Tradition is strong in Tanzania and changes may take long to implement. The alterations suggested and discussed in this report can be considered as a good basis for development of the current building design and technology in the Mamba district.

<p>As one of the poorest countries in the world, Tanzania faces various kinds of problems. The housing situation is poor in the whole country, especially in rural areas where the main part of the population lives in mud houses.</p><p>The report is focused on modern houses and is aimed at finding sustainable low cost solutions to be used as alternatives for existing techniques.</p><p>The report is based on a field study in the Mamba district, Tanzania during 8 weeks in 2009.</p><p>The traditional mud houses are poor and do not live up to a decent standard of living. The living conditions are extremely primitive in these houses and pose a health risk to the occupants. Modern houses provide a better standard of living and are good investments for future generations. The building design and technology can be rationalised and improved and building costs can be reduced through alternative methods.</p><p>There are several ways in which building costs can be reduced. Focus should be on using local materials to minimise expensive transport costs. Cement is the single most expensive building material and should be replaced by other materials where possible. However, it is important that sustainability of the construction is not impaired. In the long term, it is better to invest in proper sustainable building structures even if the costs will increase.</p><p>This study has resulted in sustainable low cost alternatives to the current building technology that the local builders can benefit from. Tradition is strong in Tanzania and changes may take long to implement. The alterations suggested and discussed in this report can be considered as a good basis for development of the current building design and technology in the Mamba district.</p>

Cette recherche doctorale soulève la problématique de conservation et d’intégration de l’habitat traditionnel en Tunisie et sur Kairouan. Il s’agit de mettre en valeur les spécificités de ce patrimoine mondial en péril, d’explorer les facteurs qui ont induit sa dégradation, et de s’interroger sur son avenir face aux enjeux du développement, aux changements des modes de vie et face à la modernisation. En effet, la préservation des valeurs culturelles, sociales, économiques et historiques ainsi que l’adaptation de cet héritage patrimonial, exposé à un haut risque de dégradation, aux exigences de la vie moderne, constituent aujourd’hui un défi majeur. La situation de l’habitat traditionnel kairouanais, est ainsi explorée à travers l’élaboration d’un corpus diversifié, jugé nécessaire pour mener à bien cette recherche à savoir le diagnostic, l'analyse AFOM, l’état des lieux ainsi que l’enquête de terrain (questionnaires et entretiens) auprès des habitants, responsables et experts de la gestion de l’habitat traditionnel en Tunisie. Une lecture croisée de ces outils méthodologiques, permet, entre autres, de mettre en lumière l’état de ce bâti, et de réfléchir sur les conditions qu'il conviendrait de réunir pour faire en sorte que les décideurs, acteurs locaux et habitants s'intéressent à ce patrimoine et le prennent en main dans un cadre d'accompagnement politique, économique, social et financier. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est donc d’étudier l’habitat traditionnel de la ville de Kairouan, dans tous ses aspects (urbain, architectural et social, etc.), de comprendre les causes de sa dégradation et de proposer, dans un contexte national et local spécifique, les conditions et les outils stratégiques à mettre en place afin de garantir une meilleure gestion de cet habitat, dans une approche intégrée et participative, afin d’aider à une fixation des habitants dans leur milieu de référence. Ce travail de recherche ainsi que les potentialités et les perspectives qu’il envisage, se veut une contribution à une meilleure connaissance de l’espace médinal oublié et marginalisé de la ville de Kairouan, notamment l’habitat traditionnel, un appel à un vrai débat et une véritable concertation entre tous les acteurs du patrimoine en Tunisie et
une vraie mobilisation de toutes les catégories de la société pour se doter des moyens et des instruments nécessaires à sa sauvegarde. Par ailleurs, cette recherche vise à mettre en place une méthode d'analyse et d'action ayant pour objectif de contribuer à améliorer la situation de ce patrimoine et ce, à travers l’élaboration d’une grille d'analyse spécifique au contexte et aux enjeux locaux qui servira par la suite aux acteurs pour agir dans la bonne direction et de prendre en charge ce patrimoine, toute en revitalisant l’habitat traditionnel, en tant que patrimoine évolutif, pour l’adapter aux enjeux du développement durable. / This PhD research raises the issue of conservation and integration of traditional housing in Tunisia and Kairouan.It showcases the specificities of this world heritage currently in danger, exploring the factors that have led to its degradation, wondering about its future in front of the development issues, lifestyle changes and modernization.Indeed, the preservation of cultural, social, economic and historical values and the adaptation of this heritage legacy, exposed to a high risk of degradation, the demands of modern life, constitute today a major challenge.The situation of traditional housing in Kairouan, thus explored through the elaboration of a diversified corpus, considered necessary to carry out this research such as the diagnosis, the SWOT analysis, the site investigation (surveys and interviews) with locals, officials and experts.A cross-reading of these methodological tools allows to highlight the state of this build and reflect upon the conditions it should meet to ensure that policy makers, local actors and peoples interest in this heritage and take it in hand, in a political, economic, social and financial support framework.The objective of this thesis is to study the traditional housing of the city of Kairouan in all its aspects (urban, architectural and social, etc.) to understand its degradation causes and to propose in a specific national and local context the conditions and strategic tools to ensure better housing management in an integrated and participatory approach, in order to encourage the population to settle down in their reference environment.This research, in view of the potentialities and prospects it offers, is a contribution to a better knowledge of the forgotten and marginalised medinal area of the city of Kairouan, including the traditional housing, a call for a real debate and a genuine collaboration between all heritage actors in Tunisia to increase mobilization of all sections of society in order to provide the necessary means and tools for its conservation.Furthermore, this research aims to establish a method of analysis and action devised to improve this current heritage situation, through the development of an analysis grid, specific to the local context issues which will be used later for actors in order to proceed in the right direction and preserve this heritage, while revitalizing the traditional housing, as evolutive heritage, to be adapted to the sustainable development challenges.

No description available.

Syftet med uppsatsen var göra en jämförelse mellan två kommunala insatser mot hemlöshet, Bostad Först och Boendetrappan. Studien genomfördes i form av en allmän litteraturstudie. Litteratursökningen genomfördes i databasen EBSCO och resulterade i nio utvalda artiklar. All empiri analyserades utifrån Fribergs analysmodell. Två teorier användes för att analysera resultatet, empowerment och kritisk praktikteori. Resultatet visade fler fördelar än nackdelar med Bostad Först och fler nackdelar än fördelar med Boendetrappan. Resultatet visade också att det fanns både likheter och olikheter mellan insatserna där likheterna speglade organisatoriska förutsättningar och hinder medan olikheterna visade på olika arbetssätt med klienterna. Slutsatsen i denna studie var att Bostad Först bedömdes vara mer effektivt för långsiktig lösning av hemlöshet. / The aim of this study was to make a comparison between two municipal social services efforts against homelessness, Housing First and the Traditional Housing Staircase Model. The study was conducted in the form of a general literature study. The literature search was performed in the EBSCO database and resulted in nine selected articles. All empirical data was analyzed using Fribergs analytical model. Two theories were used to analyze the result, empowerment, and critical practice theory. The result showed more advantages than disadvantages with Housing First, and more disadvantages than advantages with the Traditional Housing Staircase Model. The result also showed that there were both similarities and differences between the two social service efforts where the similarities reflected organizational conditions and obstacles, while the similarities showed different methods of working with the clients. The conclusion of this study was that Housing First was assessed to be more effective for a long-term solution of homelessness.

Cette recherche vise à identifier le champ disciplinaire de la morphologie urbaine. Notre démarche morphologique étudié plusieurs éléments : l’étalement urbain s’implante autour de l’oasis de l'intra-muros à la périphérie par ces capacités des ses zones nouvellement urbanisés Notre analyse porte sur la ville contemporaine, marquée par la mutation des territoires sahariens et la nouvelle configuration des espaces urbains modernes, où la grande concentration de population a profondément déstabilisé le paysage organique de l’oasis. L’analyse morphologique permet aussi d’évoquer les positions d’aménagement et d’urbanisme d’origine étatique algérienne, relevant de la promotion de l’oasis en chef-lieu de wilaya, et de la proximité du pôle d’hydrocarbures de Hassi R'mel ; qui participent à l’affirmation de l’image du pouvoir économique et politique de l’Algérie nouvelle. En montrant son relatif délaissement, en particulier par la planification urbaine trop décalé de la théorie traditionnelle urbaine. D’où un manque d’attention portée aux recherches de morphologie urbaine effectuées à l’étranger aux recherches des oasis de la région en Maroc et Tunisie. Mais aussi cette recherche met l’évaluation au regard du modèle sont des modèles algérien des oasis de Ghardaïa, Béchar et Biskra pourrait éclairer les politiques d’aménagement par les enjeux urbanistiques. Cette approche stimulante rendant compte du renouvellement physique des villes comporte pourtant des dimensions à la fois théorique, déductive et dynamique. Le modèle des oasis est donc pertinent, mais aussi les limites du modèle urbain moderne de l'agglomération nouvelle soulignées comme modèles urbains dans le contexte algérien du renouvellement urbain. L’évaluation de ce modèle en Sud de l'Algérie pourrait éclairer les politiques d'aménagement par les enjeux de l'institutionnalisation du concept de développement durable et la construction durable qui réduit les coûts et assure une efficience énergétique idéale sa mise en pratique peuvent apporter certaine élément d'éclairage(écotourisme, modernisation des techniques d'irrigation , réemployer des matériaux du construction de ressources locales quand aux développement futur des ces villes sahariennes. / This search aims at identifying the disciplinary field of the urban morphology. Our morphological approach studied several elements: the urban spreading becomes established around the oasis of the intramural in the periphery by these capacities of its zones recently urbanized Our analysis concerns the contemporary city, marked by the transformation of the Saharan territories and the new configuration of the modern urban spaces, where the big concentration of population profoundly destabilized the organic landscape of the oasis. The morphological analysis also allows to evoke the positions of development and town planning of Algerian state origin, being a matter of the promotion of the oasis in administrative center of wilaya, and the closeness of the pole of Hassi R' mel's hydrocarbons; which participate in the assertion of the image of the economic and political power of new Algeria By showing his relative solitude, in particular by the urban planning too much moved by the urban traditional theory. Where from inattention impact in the searches for urban morphology made abroad in the searches for the oases of the region in Morocco and Tunisia. But also this search puts the evaluation with regard to the model are models Algerian of the oases of Ghardaïa, Béchar and Biskra could light the politics of development by the urbanity stakes. This stimulating approach reporting the physical renewal of cities contains nevertheless at the same time theoretical, deductive and dynamic size. The model of oases is thus relevant, but also the limits of the modern urban model of the new urban conglomeration were underlined as urban models in the Algerian context of the urban renewal. The evaluation of this model in the South of Algeria could light the politics of development by the stakes in the institutionalization of the concept of sustainable development and the sustainable construction which reduces the costs and assures an ideal energy efficiency its application can bring certain element of lighting (ecotourism, modernization of the techniques of irrigation, to reuse materials of construction of local resources when in future development of these Saharan cities.