Since 1997, ¡§Copyright Intermediary Organization ACT¡¨ has been implemented; seven collective management organizations emerged one after another. But they had a hard time promoting their business. Their earnings are far less than the incomes of other developed nations. What adversity are the collective management organizations in Taiwan faced with? What kind of reasons causes the collective management organizations to develop so slowly? In view of all these, this thesis is conducting a research and survey on the operation of the collective management organzitions in Taiwan. Besides probing into the reasons that result in the sluggish development of the collective management organizations through the analysis of quantification and profound interview, this thesis also provides the key points of constructing the system of copyright collective management in Taiwan and the framework of an integrating website platform for copyright collective management to offer a reference for the future development of integrating the collective management organizations in Taiwan. This thesis is divided into five chapters to explore the operating pattern of copyright collective management in Taiwan. The first chapter is introduction, which describes the research background, research motivation, and the destination of this study. Afterwards, it traces back to the related historical material of copyright collective management organizations and offers study methods, the scope and limitation of research, the framework of research, and the arrangement of chapters. The second chapter explores the ideal system of the collective management, starting from the ideal goal of the collective management to the direction of empirical operation of copyright collective management organization and finally pointing out the application of e-commerce and website platform. The third chapter mainly narrates the planned procedures and content of ¡§profound interview¡¨ and ¡§five municipacity copyright cognition inspections.¡¨ The fourth chapter follows the research fruit of the third chapter. It is about the result of interview and inspection. By means of it, the outline of the present development of the collective management system in Taiwan is revealed. The fifth chapter put forth the discovery of this research and a conclusion and some subsequent research suggestions.

The allocation of fishing opportunities is one of the most difficult challenges for high seas fisheries management. There is an ongoing search for equitable and transparent allocation frameworks. This thesis explores whether, under what conditions, and with what shortcomings, a legal concept of equity can provide assistance in the development of such a framework. To this end, it reviews the historical origins of allocation of quotas in international fisheries, and summarizes the current global and regional legal frameworks for allocation and regional practices. It then analyzes whether intergenerational and intra-generational equity is considered in the international legal framework for high seas fisheries, and what the legal and practical implications of their inclusion are. It provides some suggestions on how to integrate intergenerational and intra-generational equity more effectively into allocation decisions. It concludes by highlighting the contribution of law in the search for allocation frameworks.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--UCLA, 2009. / Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-96).

The aim of our thesis is to provide an insight into self-managing organizations (SMOs), particularly referencing holacratic and teal organizations, and connecting them with the consequent innovative process. Global markets are changing rapidly, and competition is increasing, as the pressure on companies to adapt to these fast-paced changes. There is an increasing demand for constant innovative idea flows to keep up with the dynamics of the global market economy. New flexible management tools are needed in order to maintain balance. Starting from the premise that SMO tools are part of the response to the dynamics of enterprises, we aim to outline how SMOs operate. We also analyze the innovative process within SMOs and try to answer whether innovation is inherently connected to holacratic and teal organizations. This will be achieved by conducting interviews on case subjects using qualitative analysis and elaborating on the findings to form a discussion. As this is a revolutionary new phenomenon that shifts the management's responsibility from one person to the entire organization, few companies as of yet have adopted this strategy. This adds limitations to our study but opens the door for further research.

The tourist industry plays an immense role in the socio-economic development of different regions. Destination Management Systems (DMS) are significant in developing e-tourism. DMS integrate data from Small and Medium-Sized Tourism Enterprises (SMTEs) in order for tourists to find information about e.g. accommodation, restaurants and attractions of a certain location. Although being represented in a DMS has proven to be advantageous, not all SMTEs are participating in such systems. This thesis aims to explore the possible factors that influence, motivate and inhabited regional SMTEs to participate in DMS and to create a framework from these factors. Data was collected by semi-structured interviews performed with respondents from SMTEs in Jönköping County, Sweden and Liverpool City, United Kingdom. The transcriptions from the interviews were analyzed by content analysis in order to create categories of factors. The motivating factors were categorized in technological, organizational and external factors. Technological factors were user friendliness, system quality, effectiveness, information quality, system performance, system updates and information up-dates. The organizational factors were management support, available resources and the size of the organization. The external factors competitive pressure, cost effectiveness, distribution channel, user satisfaction and to provide quality services to customers. The inhibiting factors were categorized into administration factors and communication factors, where the predominant factor was lack of know-how. The communication factors were lack of available information and lack of communication between organizations. To increase SMTEs’ participations in DMS, Destination Management Organizations need to enhance communication, develop marketing strategies and clearly explain the benefits of participation the SMTEs.

The main goal of this dissertation thesis has been defined as the development and presentation of a model designed to show transparency of different effects of tourism in urban destinations and its practical application by destination management organizations. The resident sub-model was compiled, based on research in the selected destination as well as its statistical evaluation. This sub-model clearly demonstrates relationships that affect tourism. This decision model was focused on the socio-economic effects, primarily generated by residents, which influence tourists and basically tourism in urban destinations. The resident sub-model was subsequently incorporated into another decision model of the sustainable destination to show the resident influence on objective economic factors generated by tourism in urban destinations. These two models clearly illustrate how complicated system is the behaviour of residents and which significant negative / positive effects on tourism can generate. For the development of this solution system thinking was used as the main methodological approach. System thinking has been actually rarely used, but it is very effective method, because it can reveal complexity of diverse relationships and find possibilities how to influence and control these relationships; in this case by destination management organizations. This solution is intended primarily for these tourism institutions. This method was intentionally simplified to be applicable by the local organizations. However, it retains high level of efficiency, which can bring required objectivity in very subjective relationships between residents, tourist and basically tourism at urban destinations.

No description available.

La gestion et la conservation des ressources halieutiques de la Méditerranée relève à titre principal de la responsabilité de deux organismes régionaux de pêche : la Commission générale des pêches pour la Méditerranée et la Commission internationale pour la conservation des thonidés de l’Atlantique. Le régime juridique se construit donc dans deux enceintes distinctes et se nourrit par ailleurs de l’influence d’autres régimes conventionnels. Ce dédoublement institutionnel aurait pu être alors créateur de conflits de normes de gestion et de conservation ou encore d’interprétation. Pourtant, la fragmentation institutionnelle observée ne constitue pas un obstacle à une unité au cœur du système. Le degré d’interaction entre les deux commissions fait surgir une unité des méthodes et des moyens de mise en œuvre de la gestion et de la conservation des ressources halieutiques de la Méditerranée de sorte que le régime juridique apparaît comme un ensemble, un tout indivisible. L’existence d’une telle unité n’est toutefois pas significative de l’effectivité et de l’efficacité du système. / Fisheries management and conservation in the Mediterranean relies primarily upon the responsibility of two regional fisheries management organizations: the General fisheries commission for the Mediterranean and the International commission for the conservation of Atlantic tunas. The legal regime is thus built in two distinct arenas and is also nourished by the influence of other conventional regimes. This institutional duplication could thus have resulted in conflicts of norms of management, conservation or even of interpretation. And yet, the observed institutional fragmentation does not appear as an obstacle to unity at the heart of the system. A unity of methods and means of implementation of fisheries management and conservation in the Mediterranean derives from the degree of interaction between the two commissions. The regime thus appears as a set, an indivisible whole. Nevertheless, the existence of such unity is not tantamount to effectiveness and efficiency of the system.

Educators have regarded building leader-member relationships using collaboration as a fundamental component to successfully improve students' academic achievement. Ineffective collaborative leadership practices may lead to achievement deficits particularly for many urban charter schools operated by educational management organizations. The purpose of this case study was to explore collaborative leadership practices educational management organization leaders need to assist school principals in low-performing K-12 urban charter schools to improve academic achievement. Guided by Fiedler's contingency theory, this case study explored the successful collaborative leadership practices of educational management organization leaders and school principals in a midwestern urban charter school to improve academic achievement. Data collection included semistructured interviews with 3 educational management organization leaders and 5 urban charter school principals and reviewing archival company documents. Data analysis involved coding and theming significant phrases and emerging patterns related to successful collaborative leadership practices until reaching data saturation. The emerging themes revealed included collaborative practices; academic achievement; implementation to change; school improvement; professional development; compliance and regulations; organizational culture, and community involvement. Findings from this case study resonated with Fiedler's contingency theory and indicated the significance of collaborative leadership practices. A significant positive social change implication is that the awareness of collaborative leadership practices in low-performing K-12 urban charter schools can enhance student academic achievement.

Esta tese tem por fim facilitar o desenvolvimento da indústria marítima brasileira. Os clusters industriais são amplamente reconhecidos como fontes de promoção da evolução tecnológica e por impactar positivamente em muitos aspectos do desenvolvimento regional. Por outro lado, os estaleiros de construção e reparo naval são tidos como estratégicos a soberania de muitos países, função do largo emprego de mão-de-obra e por produzir bens que possibilitem o fortalecimento das relações comerciais entre estados e países. Sendo a convergência destas duas situações bastante promissoras, decidiu-se focar esforços em propor um modelo de referência que pudesse ser empregado para desenvolvimento de clusters de indústrias marítimas. Estudos empíricos sobre clusters de indústrias relatam algumas externalidades positivas características, observadas em clusters bem-sucedidos. Outros trabalhos desenvolveram estudos sobre alguns fatores que são fundamentais ao sucesso de clusters. Existem ainda aqueles que externam algumas ações que foram tomadas para o desenvolvimento de clusters diversos. Esta tese propõe confluir estes trabalhos, encontrando as relações entre as ações, os fatores que condicionam o sucesso de clusters de indústria marítima e suas externalidades positivas para estabelecer uma proposta de modelo de ações para o desenvolvimento e consolidação de clusters de indústria marítima. Neste trabalho foi feita também, a avaliação dos reflexos das externalidades destes fatores que são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de clusters nos fatores críticos de sucesso das empresas individuais. Para materialização desta proposta, estudou-se diversos trabalhos teóricos e empíricos sobre clusters industriais, situados tanto em países desenvolvidos como nos ainda em desenvolvimento. A premissa básica do trabalho foi determinar que fatores são determinantes para o desenvolvimento de clusters e quais objetivos estratégicos deveriam ser seguidos para que se pudesse consegui-los. Os esforços de pesquisa resultaram na materialização de uma proposta de modelo estratégico genérico, que, com as devidas adequações as características e necessidades regionais específicas, pode ser empregado para o desenvolvimento de qualquer cluster de indústria marítima. Em uma segunda etapa do trabalho, foi proposta a aplicação do modelo de referência para o desenvolvimento do cluster marítimo da região de Itajaí e Navegantes, em Santa Catarina. Para tanto, foi feita pesquisa de campo em pouco mais de 40 atores regionais, com a finalidade de determinar o estágio de desenvolvimento do cluster e qual nível de evolução e presença dos fatores que levam um cluster a ser bem-sucedido. Após a aplicação hipotética da proposta do modelo, os resultados foram colocados para avaliação de 4 gestores de empresas da região que acenaram positivamente para identificação dos resultados com a realidade regional. O modelo estratégico proposto mostrou-se sólido e abrangente, com boas perspectivas de sucesso na aplicação para o desenvolvimento de clusters de indústrias marítimas. / This thesis aims to facilitate the Brazilian maritime industry development. Industrial clusters are widely recognized as a source of technological evolution promotion as well as for bringing positive impact over a range of aspects in the regional development. On the other hand, construction and repair boatyards are taken as strategic for many countries sovereignty, having the function of widespread hand labor and employment, and goods production that allow strengthening trade relations among states and countries. Considering the convergence of these two situations much promising, it was decided to focus efforts towards a reference model to be used for the development of maritime industries clusters. Industries clusters empirical studies report some characteristic positive externalities observed in successful clusters. Other studies discussed on some fundamental factors for clusters success. There are also those studies that point out some actions taken for the development of a variety of clusters. This thesis propose to converge these works, joining the actions relations, the conditioning factors for the maritime industries clusters and its positive externalities in order to establish an actions model proposal for the maritime industries clusters development and consolidation. This thesis includes also the assessment of the externalities consequences of these factors, which are essential for the clusters development in the critical success factor of individual companies. Several theoretical and empirical studies on industrial clusters, located in developed and underdeveloped countries were studied in order to achieve this proposal. The basic premise of the study was to determine decisive factors for clusters development and the strategic objectives that should be followed for their accomplishment. The research efforts resulted in the materialization of a generic strategic model proposal, which the appropriate adjustments to the specific regional needs and characteristics, can be used for the development of any marine industrial cluster. In a Second stage, it was proposed the reference model to be used to develop the maritime cluster in Itajaí and Navegantes region, state of Santa Catarina. Therefore, a field survey was conducted over a few more than 40 actors, in order to determine the cluster development stage and evaluate the evolution level and presence of the factors that may enable a cluster to be successful. After the hypothetical application of the proposed model, the results were placed for evaluation of 4 region companies\' managers who waved positively to identify the results to the regional reality. The proposed strategic model proved to be solid and comprehensive, with good prospects of application success for the maritime industrial clusters development.