Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1989.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-03-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:23:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 peixoto_ap_dr_arafo.pdf: 943279 bytes, checksum: 061fbb0cce0603a88ff6f2a1214b8a13 (MD5) / A estabilidade do tratamento cirúrgico da classe III tem sido uma preocupação com relatos de pequenas ou significativas alterações mandibulares pós-cirúrgicas, Alguns pacientes afetados pela instabilidade do tratamento podem manter relação oclusal aceitável com compensações ortodônticas pós-cirúrgicas, mas outros irão desenvolver alterações oclusais e esqueléticas de forma significativa, necessitando de intervenção adicional ortodôntica e cirúrgica gerando custo adicional e aumento da morbidade. Muitas variáveis têm sido apontadas como preditoras da instabilidade do tratamento, mas poucos estudos sugerem a hiperplasia condilar (HC) como um fator de risco para a correção cirúrgica da Classe III. 51 pacientes classe III foram selecionados consecutivamente de uma população de pacientes operados entre 1996 e 2007 por um único cirurgião. Telerradiografias em norma lateral foram selecionadas nas seguintes fases: diagnóstico inicial, imediatamente antes da cirurgia, imediatamente após a cirurgia e com pelo menos um ano de acompanhamento pós-cirúrgico. Um total de 19 pontos de referência foram identificados e digitalizados através da utilização do software DFPlus (Dentofacial Software Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada). Estes pontos de referência foram utilizados para calcular 21 medidas lineares e/ou angulares e 10 medidas horizontais e verticais. A amostra que apresentava classe III associada a hiperplasia condilar obteve maior taxa de crescimento mandibular total pós puberal (2,6 mm) e maior comprimento do corpo (2,2 mm). Diante de uma má oclusão esquelética de classe III associada a HC, a adoção de uma abordagem de tratamento diferenciada é de fundamental importância para a obtenção de resultados estáveis, embora os tratamentos que envolvam a manipulação da articulação temporomandibular... / Class III surgical treatment stability has been a concern with reports of minor or significant post-surgical mandibular change. Most of the patients affected by treatment instability may retain acceptable oclusal relation while some of the skeletal position changes. Other affected patients have to undergo further treatment generating additional cost and increased morbidity. Many variables have been identified as predictors of treatment instability, but few reports suggest condylar hyperplasia as a risk factor for class III surgical correction. 51 class III patients records were consecutively selected from the patient population operated between 1996 and 2007 by the senior author. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were selected at the following periods: initial, immediate before surgery, immediate after surgery and at least one year follow-up). A total of 19 landmarks were identified and digitized using DFPlus software (Dentofacial Software Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada). These landmarks were used to compute 21 traditional linear and/or angular measurements and 10 horizontal and vertical measurements. During the observational period in the present sample condylar hyperplasia promoted higher post pubertal total mandibular growth rate (2.6 mm) and higher corpus length (2.2 mm). Appropriate condilar hyperplasia diagnosis and customized approach are mandatory in order to obtain stable results for Class III surgical treatment. Although treatments that involving manipulation of the temporomandibular joint to be viewed with caution by many professionals in the field of surgery, for some articular pathologies, such as condylar hyperplasia, it is necessary to approach the TMJ together with orthognathic surgery so that stable long... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Renato Mazonetto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T22:49:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Boeck_EloisaMarcantonio_D.pdf: 4044156 bytes, checksum: 43213737beb9ec37bba6ab6317e749b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O tratamento de eleição para indivíduos adultos que apresentam maloclusão de Classe 11 com deficiência mandibular tem sido o tratamento ortodôntico em conjunto com a cirurgia ortognática. O objetivo deste estudo teve por finalidade avaliar, por meio da cefalometria, a influência das mudanças dentárias e esqueléticas promovidas pelo tratamento ortodôntico pré-cirúrgico e cirúrgico em indivíduos portadores de maloclusão de Classe 11, com deficiência mandibular, submetidos à cirurgia ortognática para avanço mandibular, pela técnica de osteotomÍa sagital bilateral do ramo mandibular. Para o presente trabalho foi selecionada uma amostra de 15 pacientes leucodermas, adultos, do gênero feminino. Para cada paciente, foram analisadas 3 telerradiografias, em norma lateral, tomadas pré-tratamento ortodôntico (ti), pré-cirúrgico imediato (t2) e pós-cirúrgico de no mínimo 6 meses (t3), totalizando 45 telerradiografias. Os traçados foram feitos pelo método manual e, os pontos foram digitalizados utilizando o software Dentofacial Planner Plus (2.02). Os resultados mostraram que os valores de SNB aumentaram de 75,6° para 78,6°. As medidas de BNP e PGNP, também, aumentaram de -12,7mm para -7,7mm e de­12,7mm para -6,6mm, respectivamente. As medidas de SNPM alteraram de 38,7° para 38,2°. Para o ANB foi observado redução de 3,23°, passando de 8,1° para 4,9°. Houve diminuição nos valores de AOBO em 6,3mm, cuja variação foi de 7,6mm para 1,3mm e, nos valores do OJ que reduziu significantemente (5,7mm), variando de 9,Omm para 3,3mm. Foi concluído que o tratamento ortodôntico pré-cirúrgico «h-ti) promoveu mudanças dentárias e esqueléticas mínimas e variáveis no resultado final. Já o tratamento cirúrgico (t3-t2) promoveu mudanças esqueléticas significativas, principalmente nas grandezas relacionadas diretamente à mandíbula (SNB, BNP, PGNP e SNPM) ou indiretamente a ela (ANB, AOBO, e OJ) / Abstract: The treatment to Class 11 adult individuals with mandibular deficiency has been the orthodontic treatment combined with orthognatic surgery. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate, through cephalometric analysis, the influence of dentoalveolar decompensation in class 11 patients submitted to orthodontic and surgical treatment for mandibular advancement, by bilateral osteotomy of the mandibular ramus. A sample of fifteen leucoderm adult female patients female were selected for the study. Three cephalometric radiographs of each patient, taken previously to the orthodontic treatment (tI), previously to surgery (t2) and after at least 6 months postoperatively (t3), were analyzed in a total of 45 roentgenograms. The tracings were made through the manual method and the points were digitalized using the software Dentofacial Planner Plus (2.02). The results showed that values of SNB increased from 75,6° to 78,6°. The measures of BNP e PGNP reduceded from -12,7mm to -7,7mm and -12,7mm to -6,6mm, respectively. For the ANB angle a redution of 3,23° was observed from 8,1° to 4,9°. Likewise, there was diminution in values of AOBO in 6,3mm, with variation from 7,6mm to 1,3mm and, the values of OJ had greater reduction (5,7mm), changed from 9,Omm to 3,3mm. It has been concluded that the pre surgical orthodontic treatment promoted minimal and variable dental and skeletal changes in the final result. The surgical treatment caused significant skeletal changes especially in the measurements related to the mandible (SNB, BNP, PGNP and SNPM) or indirect1y to it (ANB, AOBO and OJ) / Doutorado / Ortodontia / Doutor em Radiologia Odontológica

published_or_final_version / Dentistry / Master / Master of Dental Surgery

Thesis for Master of Science in Medicine at the School of Anatomical Sciences 5/11/2015 / In forensic anthropology, the estimation of sex is important for eliminating half of the possible identities the skeletal remains may have, as a result, sexing standards were set from fully dentate mandibles. Edentulous mandibles were excluded from studies that set these standards. Thus, this study intended to determine the effect of tooth loss on accurately estimating sex from the mandibular morphology of black South Africans. The mandibles sampled included 79 (31 males and 48 females) full dentition and 117 (57 males and 60 females) variable degrees of tooth loss mandibles from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons. Outlines of the non-alveolar regions of the mandibles were digitised. The alveolar regions were rated according to the level of resorption that had occurred. A two block partial least square was performed to determine the effect of tooth loss on the mandibular morphology and a two sample permutation test was conducted to determine the sexing accuracies from all sampled mandibles. Tooth loss had a significant effect on the mandibular morphology. The overall accuracies determined were 85.5% from mandibles with tooth loss and 63.3% from full dentition mandibles. The overall mandible morphology is sexually dimorphic irrespective of the presence of tooth loss. The main factor that may affect the outcome was the mandibular mechanics in males and females. The results suggest that mandibles with high levels of tooth loss could be used in studies of identification. Further studies may want to set sexing standards from both dentate and edentate mandibles.

Orientador: Leonardo Marchini / Banca: Mateus Bertolini Fernandes dos Santos / Banca: Rosilene Fernandes da Rocha / Resumo: Tanto a deficiencia estrogenica quanto o consumo excessivo de alcool apresentam efeito negativo no tecido osseo. Considerando a ausencia de trabalhos que investiguem a influencia da osteoporose associada ao alcoolismo na regiao do condilo mandibular, o objetivo desse estudo foi testar a hipotese de que a associacao da deficiencia estrogenica e consumo cronico de alcool apresentaram um efeito deleterio na estrutura ossea do condilo mandibular. Cinquenta e quatro ratas (Ratthus norvegicus, variacao albinus, Wistar), com 3 meses de idade, foram inicialmente divididas em 2 grupos: ovariectomizadas, ou Sham operadas. Um mes apos as cirurgias os dois primeiros grupos foram subdivididos e receberam por 8 semanas diferentes dietas (Sham+dieta livre; Sham+alcool 20%; Sham+isocalorico; OVZ+dieta livre; OVZ+alcool 20%; OVZ+isocalorico). Foi possivel avaliar que em todos os grupos ocorreu ganho no peso medio dos animais, sendo que o OVZ dieta livre foi o que apresentou maior ganho e o Sham isocalorico o menor. Os grupos Sham e OVZ alcool, consumiram em media o equivalente a 8,43 g de alcool absoluto por kg de peso/dia. Apos o termino do periodo de tratamento os animais foram sacrificados e as mandibulas removidas. Apos realizada a descalcificacao, os condilos foram incluidos em parafina. Realizaram-se seccoes de 3ƒÊm e 4ƒÊm para procedimentos imunoistoquimicos e analise histologica, respectivamente. Atraves da analise histologica, observou-se que os animais dos grupos Sham apresentaram mais osteoclastos em relacao aos animais dos grupos Ovz. O grupo Ovz isocalorico foi o que apresentou maior porcentagem de area de osso trabeculado (65,10%) enquanto o Ovz dieta livre apresentou a menor (55,42%). A imunoistoquimica realizada com os anticorpos RANKL, BSP e OCC, apresentou positividade em osteoblastos, lacunas de osteocitos e condrocitos. Os osteoclastos foram marcados apenas pelo RANKL e BSP. Nas condico / Abstract: Both estrogen deficiency as excessive consumption of alcohol have a negative effect on bone. Given the absence of studies that investigate the influence of osteoporosis associated with alcoholism in the region of the mandibular condyle, the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the association of estrogen deficiency and chronic consumption of alcohol had a deleterious effect on bone structure of the mandibular condyle . Fifty-four rats (Ratthus norvegicus, Albinus variation, Wistar), aged 3 months, were initially divided into 2 groups: ovariectomized and Sham operated. A month after surgery the first two groups were subdivided and received different diets for 8 weeks (Sham + ad libitum diet; Sham + 20% alcohol; + Sham isocaloric; OVZ + ad libitum diet; OVZ + 20% alcohol; OVZ + isocaloric). The evaluation that occurred in all groups in mean weight gain of the animals, the OVZ ad libitum diet showed the highest gain and the lowest was Sham isocaloric. The groups Sham alcohol and Ovz alcohol consumed an average to 8.43 g of absolute alcohol per kg/day. After the treatment period the animals were sacrificed and the jaws removed. After de decalcification, the condyles were embedded in paraffin, to perform sections with 3ìm and 4ìm thick, for histological analysis and immunohistochemical procedures, respectively. Over histological analysis, it was observed that animals from the Sham groups had more osteoclasts than the animals from the Ovz groups. The Ovz isocaloric group showed the highest percentage of trabecular bone area (65.10%) while the Ovz ad libitum diet had the lowest. Immunohistochemistry performed with antibodies RANKL, BSP and OCC, was positive in osteoblasts, chondrocytes and osteocytes gaps. Osteoclasts were marked only by the BSP and RANKL. In this experiment conditions, the association of alcohol and estrogen deficiency caused no deleterious effects on th... / Mestre

Thesis (M.D.S.)--University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-140) Also available in print.

Thesis (M. Orth.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-142).

published_or_final_version / Dentistry / Master / Master of Orthodontics

Objectives: This retrospective study aims to compare the effect of different mandibular setback amount by vertical subsigmoid osteotomy (VSSO) on the pattern of condylar remodelling in both metric and morphologic analysis at 1 year post surgery. Materials and Methods: 200 patients diagnosed of mandibular prognathism and had undergone VSSO with various setback amounts from 2007 until 2012 at the Prince Philip Dental Hospital were included in this study. Presurgical and 1 year post surgical Postero-Anterior Cephalogram, Lateral Cephalograms and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Scans were retrieved. Tracings of plain cephalometric radiographs were performed. CBCT data sets were used to create 3D condyles to measure the linear and condylar axis angle value in multiplanar view. Finally the pre and postsurgical 3D condyle-ramus units were superimposed using stable registration point in the condylar neck and ramal area above the lingual to assess the condylar bone remodelling by topographic and multiplanar slide views. Result: From the plain radiographic tracings, there were no significant differences in the changes of ramus inclination angle, intergonial width and total ramus angle between postoperative (T2) and preoperative (T1) values across the setback groups. A gradual increase in the postoperative sagittal condylar axis angle is detected with greater setback in the CBCT multiplanar analysis while other linear and angular condylar changes were not significantly different. 3D Topography (T2 -T1) superimposition analysis of the condylar surface showed no significant relation between the remodelling changes and the setback magnitude except at the superior posterior zone. Multiplanar view (T2-T1) superimposition analysis in the coronal and sagittal planes showed no significant relationship between the remodelling changes and the setback magnitude. However there was higher proportion of positive remodelling following higher setback amount at the midanterior and posteromedial zone in the axial plane. Conclusion: Condyle remodelling is noted to be positive and not detrimental following VSSO. The positive remodelling effect remains stable regardless of the amount of VSSO setback. / published_or_final_version / Dental Surgery / Master / Master of Dental Surgery