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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Potential contrast agents for MRI based on manganese (II) complexes / Les agents de contrast potentiels pour MRI derivé par les complexes de manganese(II)

Drahoš, Bohuslav 23 September 2011 (has links)
La thèse se concentre sur la synthèse et la caractérisation de nouveaux complexes de manganèse comme alternative possible aux complexes de gadolinium, actuellement les agents de contraste de choix pour l’Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique (IRM). Dans cette perspective, nous nous sommes intéressés à trois groupes de ligands pentadentés pour la complexation de Mn2+. Des nombres de coordination de 6 ou 7 ont été déterminés par cristallographie pour ces complexes, permettant la coordination d’une ou deux molécules d’eau en première sphère de coordination de Mn2+. La stabilité thermodynamique de ces complexes est plus faible que celle de complexes polyaminocarboxylates et leur dissociation est très rapide comparée à [Mn(nota)] et [Mn(dota)]2-. Seuls les complexes de Mn2+ avec des ligands macrocycliques à 12 atomes sont oxydés en Mn3+ à l’air. Les relaxivités des complexes bishydratés sont deux fois plus élevées que celles des complexes monohydratés et elles sont comparables à celles des agents de contraste commerciaux. Les données de RMN d’17O mesurées à différentes températures ont montré que l’échange d’eau peut être lent, intermédiaire, ou rapide selon le ligand. Les mesures à hautes pressions ont confirmé que le mécanisme d’échange est de type dissociatif pour les complexes avec un nombre de coordination de 7 et de type associatif pour les complexes avec un nombre de coordination de 6. Les petits anions bidentés endogènes peuvent remplacer une molécule d’eau dans les complexes bishydratés de macrocycles pentaazotés à 15 atomes, alors que pour les autres soit le complexe se décompose, soit il n’y a pas d’influence. / The thesis is focused on the synthesis and characterization of novel manganese complexes as alternative to Gd3+ chelates which are wide-spread contrast agents in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In this perspective, three structurally different groups of pentadentate ligands for Mn2+ complexation have been investigated. Coordination numbers of 6 or 7 were determined in the crystal structure of the Mn2+ complexes enabling one or two water molecules in the first sphere. The thermodynamic stability of the chelates is lower than that of polyaminocarboxylate complexes and their dissociation is very fast in comparison to [Mn(nota)] and [Mn(dota)]2–. Only Mn2+ complexes with 12- membered ligands undergo oxidation in air to Mn3+ species. The proton relaxivities of the bishydrated complexes are two times higher than those for monohydrated complexes and are comparable to those of commercial contrast agents. Variable-temperature 17O NMR data revealed that the water exchange varies from slow to intermediate or to extremely fast, depending on the ligand. High-pressure 17O NMR measurements confirmed dissociative water exchange mechanism on complexes with CN = 7 and associative mechanism on complexes with CN = 6. Small endogenous bidentate anions are capable of replacing only one water molecule in the bishydrated complex with the 15-membered pentaaza ligand (L2), while in other cases the complex is decomposed or no influence is observed.
2

Materials for depollution based on the model of manganese dioxygenases

Chaignon, Jérémy, Chaignon, Jérémy 20 December 2013 (has links) (PDF)
The objective of this work is the synthesis of model material for manganese dioxygenase which is an enzyme that oxidizes catechol-like substrates with dioxygen. Our strategy comprises three main steps that form the different chapters of this thesis: - Synthesis and characterization of manganese(II) complexes with tridentate ligands. - Optimization of a microwave-assisted synthesis of a mesoporous silica. - Functionalization of these materials and complex grafting, as well as preliminary catalytic tests. The ligands used are tertiary amines containing an alkyne arm and two coordinating arms with functions such as pyridine, imidazole or carboxylate. The complexes were crystallized and/or characterized by IR, EPR, SQUID and cyclic voltamperometry. Microwave synthesis, based on the conditions of classical hydrothermal synthesis, allowed us to reduce the synthesis time from one day to two hours. The quality of these new materials was verified by IR, TGA, BET and powder XRD. These materials are then bi-functionalized using a molecular stencil patterning mehod with a an azide function for complex grafting via click chemistry and a function pyridine or trimethylsilyl to control the coordinating ability of the metal environment. These complexes and materials are active in catechol oxidation with O2.
3

Materials for depollution based on the model of manganese dioxygenases / Matériaux pour la dépollution basés sur le modèle des dioxygénases à manganèse

Chaignon, Jérémy 20 December 2013 (has links)
L'objectif de cette thèse est la synthèse d'un matériau modèle de la dioxygénase à manganèse, une enzyme oxydant des cycles aromatiques type catéchol grâce au dioxygène. Pour ce faire, nous avons découpé notre stratégie trois étapes constituant les différents chapitres de ce manuscrit : - La synthèse et la caractérisation des complexes de manganèse(II) avec des ligands tridentates. - L'optimisation d'une synthèse de silice mésoporeuse par micro-onde. - La fonctionnalisation des matériaux et le greffage des complexes, ainsi que les tests catalytiques préliminaires.Les ligands utilisés sont des amines tertiaires avec un bras alcyne et deux coordinants type pyridine, imidazole ou carboxylate. Ces complexes ont été cristallisés et/ou caractérisés par IR, RPE, SQUID et voltampérométrie cyclique. La synthèse par micro-onde, basée sur des conditions de synthèse hydrothermale classiquenous a permis de réduire le temps de synthèse d'un jour à deux heures. La qualité de ces nouveaux matériaux a été vérifiée par IR, ATG, BET, et DRX sur poudre. Ces matériaux sont ensuite bifonctionnalisés en utilisant une méthode de pochoir moléculaire avec une fonction azoture pour le greffage du complexe via "click-chemistry" ainsi qu'une fonction pyridine ou triméthylsilyle pour créer un environnement coordinant ou non proche du métal.Ces complexes et matériaux sont actifs dans l'oxydation du catéchol. / The objective of this work is the synthesis of model material for manganese dioxygenase which is an enzyme that oxidizes catechol-like substrates with dioxygen. Our strategy comprises three main steps that form the different chapters of this thesis: - Synthesis and characterization of manganese(II) complexes with tridentate ligands. - Optimization of a microwave-assisted synthesis of a mesoporous silica. - Functionalization of these materials and complex grafting, as well as preliminary catalytic tests. The ligands used are tertiary amines containing an alkyne arm and two coordinating arms with functions such as pyridine, imidazole or carboxylate. The complexes were crystallized and/or characterized by IR, EPR, SQUID and cyclic voltamperometry. Microwave synthesis, based on the conditions of classical hydrothermal synthesis, allowed us to reduce the synthesis time from one day to two hours. The quality of these new materials was verified by IR, TGA, BET and powder XRD. These materials are then bi-functionalized using a molecular stencil patterning mehod with a an azide function for complex grafting via click chemistry and a function pyridine or trimethylsilyl to control the coordinating ability of the metal environment. These complexes and materials are active in catechol oxidation with O2.
4

Potenciální kontrastní látky pro MRI založené na komplexech manganu(II) / Potential contrast agents for MRI based on manganese(II) complexes

Drahoš, Bohuslav January 2011 (has links)
The thesis is focused on the synthesis and characterization of novel Mn2+ complexes as alternative to Gd3+ chelates which are wide-spread contrast agents in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In the perspective to find suitable chelators of Mn2+ , three groups of pentadentate ligands with different size of macrocylic cavity, different donor atoms and number of pendant arms containing various functional groups have been investigated. Coordination numbers of 6 or 7 were found in the crystal structure of the Mn2+ complexes enabling binding of one or two water molecules in the first coordination sphere. The direct water coordination causes a decrease in the complex stability and thus, the thermodynamic stability of investigated chelates is lower than that of polyaminocarboxylate complexes and their dissociation is very fast in comparison to [Mn(nota)] and [Mn(dota)]2- . The studied Mn2+ complexes do not undergo oxidation in air except for complexes with 12-membered ligands which are oxidized to Mn3+ species. The proton relaxivities of the bishydrated complexes are two times higher than those for monohydrated complexes and are comparable to those of commercial contrast agents based on Gd3+ complexes. Variable-temperature 17 O NMR data revealed that the water exchange varies from slow to intermediate or...

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