M.Phil. / The Motraco transmission system is a classical case illustrating the increase in power transfer of a network considering the possibility of a voltage collapse. This case study was used in the dissertation to find a techno-economical solution for the Motraco system to increase the power transfer to satisfy an additional load. The Motraco power system is operating close to a voltage collapse at present. A voltage collapse will be experienced if additional load is added at the Maputo substation. The possibility of a voltage collapse can be reduced if the power transfer capability of the Motraco power system is increased. Various technologies can be used to increase the power transfer of the Motraco power system. The technologies used in this study to increase the power transfer were limited to the following: • Adding shunt capacitor banks at critical locations in the network • Adding a series capacitor bank on an existing 400 kV transmission line • Adding an additional 400 kV transmission line • Adding a series capacitor bank on the new 400 kV transmission line The correct use of the combination of the shunt capacitor banks, series capacitor bank and the new transmission line contributes to: • support voltages in the network; • reduce the transmission losses; and • increase the fault levels at the receiving end. The principles used in this dissertation can be used to increase the power transfer limit of any power system with the same characteristics.

M.Sc. / The KaNyaka barrier island system consists of the vegetated KaNyaka and Portuguese Islands, and various partially exposed sandbars. It is situated in south-easternmost Mozambique where it forms a barrier between Maputo Bay in the west and the Indian Ocean in the east. It forms part of the northern most limit of the Maputaland Group, which consists of Pliocene to Holocene sediments. The island system is an example of a compound barrier island since it comprises a stacked succession of several ancient shoreline marine and aeolian sedimentary rock units and sediments, along with various active sedimentary environments. This thesis describe the general geology of the island system, the petrography of the various rock and sedimentary units and provide information on provenance of sediment based on detrital zircon age populations. It also provides several new 14C age dates of shell fossils and calcified rhizoliths. KaNyaka Island consists of two high north-south trending dune cordons along its eastern and western shores, with a low-lying dune-covered area in between. The Western dune cordon consists of aeolian calcareous quartz arenite of the Ridjene Formation unconformably overlain by calcified aeolian dunes of the Alto Pocuane Formation in turn overlain by the unlithified red dunes of the Barreira Vermelha Formation. The core of the Eastern dune cordon consists of the calcareous quartz arenite of the Cabo Inhaca Formation comprised of stacked calcified aeolian dunes, the marine and tidal deposits of the Ponta Mazondue and Ponta Torres formations form the eastern and south-western flanks of the Eastern dune cordon. The formations are overlain by unlithified red to orange sands of the Changana Formation and partially lithified light grey to yellow sands of the Muamuluago Formation. The area between these two dune cordons is covered by low-lying aeolian dunes of the Alto Chumine Formation, ancient sandbar and beach deposits of the Chunhe Formation and both modern and paleo-intertidal flat deposits. Modern sedimentary environments include high-energy beaches, intertidal flats, sand spits, sandbars and aeolian dunes. The presence of aeolian deposits extending below the present sea-level, and marine deposits up to 3m above it, indicates that the KaNyaka barrier island system records a long history of sea-level change. 14C dating of marine and freshwater shell fossils and a rhizolith collected from several of the formations on the KaNyaka barrier island system assist in defining the history of the island with reference to sea-level fluctuations. Results from two freshwater shell fossils in the aeolian Alto Pocuane and Cabo Inhaca Formations indicate that they were deposited and subsequently calcified 47 000 and 30 000 years ago respectively, at times when the sea-level was 40 - 60 m lower than at present. The red sand of the Barreira Vermelha and Changana formation overlying these calcified dunes are suggested to have formed when climate was drier and sea-level even lower, during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) around 17 000 years ago. 14C ages on formations overlying the red sand deposits all postdate the Last Glacial Maximum and record sediment deposition of the past 7 000 years when the sea-level was either rather similar or somewhat higher than the present. Detrital zircon age populations, determined by laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), indicate that the majority of the sediment building the barrier island system was derived from the Grenvillian (~1100 Ma) and the Pan-African (~500 Ma) orogenic belts situated along the eastern side of Africa. Sediment was probably transported from exposed rock successions of these belts by large rivers like the Zambezi in the north and the Tugela in the south. The sediment was then dispersed along the coast by the south flowing Agulhas Current and northward directed long-shore current. Rivers feeding into Maputo Bay, like the Phongola, Umbeluzi and Incomati, draining the Kaapvaal Craton and Karoo Supergroup provided very little sediment to the barrier island system.

This dissertation is a cultural history of the making of a Mozambican middle class in the capital city of Maputo. It focuses on multigenerational debates, anxieties, and struggles among men and women over the meanings of, and aspirations for, economic and social inclusion in the modern world. The study spans the colonial-capitalist, socialist, and post-socialist eras in Mozambique’s modern history, and is set in the young city that emerged at the end of the nineteenth century as the Portuguese colonial capital of Lourenço Marques, later renamed Maputo in 1976 after independence. The rise of urban African middle classes as the key to modernizing Africa has come to the fore in recent scholarly and popular analyses of the continent’s economic and political future. Debates over how to define the middle class have revitalized the relevance of class analysis for understanding inequality and social change in urban Africa. However, little work has thoroughly examined the central role of changing gender relations in processes of middle-class formation. This dissertation begins to remedy this gap by examining the gendered relationship between class and culture that yields new insights into the lives and experiences that have occupied spaces in between wealth and poverty in an African city. Based on interviews, archival collections, newspapers and other print sources, I argue that Mozambican middle-class culture is the product of stitching together old and new ideas about what it means to live a better life, fueled by gendered debates over the role of “tradition,” and the position of women, in modern urban society. Focusing on debates surrounding assimilation, marriage, public life, and managing the home, I contend that men and women have negotiated, shifted, and redefined possibilities for upward social mobility in pursuit of education, meaningful work, loving relationships, and desires for greater comforts of urban life. The process of middle-class formation in Maputo has reflected shared aspirations among upwardly mobile women and men as stakeholders in colonial and postcolonial promises of “progress” and “development,” and been conditioned by periods of possibility and constraint under Portuguese colonial-capitalist, postcolonial socialist, and post-socialist Frelimo state rule. Ultimately, my research shows that the middle class has been unified over time by ambitions to modernize Mozambique, but fractured by deeply gendered debates over how to modernize.

No abstract.

<p>In sub-Saharan Africa, poverty and its consequences hit orphan and vulnerable children (OVC) the hardest. As the once protective safety net dissipates, many OVC are forced to live in overcrowded and understaffed orphanages. In the attempt to meet survival needs, psychological health is pushed into the background. The aim of this study is to increase the understanding of psychological well-being among institutionalized OVC in Maputo, Mozambique. Qualitative interviews (N=12) and field observations in orphanages (N=6) were analyzed through the hierarchy of needs model. Institutionalized OVC were found living under poor general care with few opportunities for ludic, educational, and social growth. Also among the finding were neglect and abuse, attachment difficulties and traumatic stress symptoms. Nonetheless, this study opposes the disuse of orphanages and suggests interventions to improve the children’s psychological well-being.</p>

In sub-Saharan Africa, poverty and its consequences hit orphan and vulnerable children (OVC) the hardest. As the once protective safety net dissipates, many OVC are forced to live in overcrowded and understaffed orphanages. In the attempt to meet survival needs, psychological health is pushed into the background. The aim of this study is to increase the understanding of psychological well-being among institutionalized OVC in Maputo, Mozambique. Qualitative interviews (N=12) and field observations in orphanages (N=6) were analyzed through the hierarchy of needs model. Institutionalized OVC were found living under poor general care with few opportunities for ludic, educational, and social growth. Also among the finding were neglect and abuse, attachment difficulties and traumatic stress symptoms. Nonetheless, this study opposes the disuse of orphanages and suggests interventions to improve the children’s psychological well-being.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The present article is a research study aimed at providing an accurate picture of the problem of HIV and Aids-related stigma and discrimination within a company, by identifying the possible factors that help fuelling it, and describing the relationships among them. On the basis of these findings, I propose initiatives that may help to overcome the main barriers for stigma mitigation within the company, and provide suggestions for inclusion in the company’s HIV and Aids policy of strategies and positions that may thwart stigma among the workforce. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om ‘n akkurate beskrywing te gee van stigma en diskriminasie wat romdon MIV/Vigs bestaan. Die studie is in ‘n maatskappy in Maputo, Mosambiek, uitgevoer. Moontlike faktore wat hierdie stigma en diskriminasie aanwakker is gegee en ook die verhouding tussen die faktore. Voorstelle word gegee om stigma binne die maatskappy te verminder en ook om dit by die maatskappy se MIV/Vigs beleid in te sluit.

Masters of Public Health - see Magister Public Health / Background: There is evidence that nurses are leaving their profession to seek better working environments and high salaried professions worldwide. This increases the scarcity of skilled nurses in health systems. In Mozambique, nursing staff is increasingly pursuing education out of nursing, which means that they intent to leave the nursing career. Aim: To find out why so many nurses are pursuing education out of nursing: Objectives, to explore: (1) nurses’ experiences of working at the Maputo Central Hospital; (2) the links between nurses’ future education outside of nursing and their job satisfaction; (3) the links between nurses’ future education, their job satisfaction and their intention to leave the profession, and (4) nurses’ and key informants’ opinions on which factors would improve nurse retention at MCH. Study Design: Exploratory qualitative Study. Methods: Focus Group Discussion with nurses and in-depth interviews with key informants, in order to explore perceptions regarding factors influencing nurses’ to pursue education out of nursing. Analysis: The content of focus group discussion and all interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded and analyzed by identifying recurring themes. Ethics: The author was aware that this study would raise sensitive topics in nurses’ lives, and he took great care to be alert and responsive to ethical issues which might arise. Thus, all nurses and key informants participated in the study voluntarily. They were provided with a letter explaining the research purpose, requesting their participation and assuring them of confidentiality and anonymity, and they were asked to sign a consent form which was explained to them in detail. The study was presented to, and approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of the Western Cape. Results: Study results revealed job dis-satisfaction and its essential components as the main factors influencing nurse’s intention to quit their profession. Further, the issue of nursing image and status were found to be most important factors contributing to nurses’ future education in other courses rather than nursing. Conclusions: Findings from this research are relatively consistent with previous studies in terms of identifying common factors that influence nurses’ decisions to quit nursing and pursue other professions, and also worrying as nursing is immersed in deep trouble because many nurses are quitting, and the current prevailing nurse image and status is not attractive for replacements, what will impact negatively on health care delivery. Relevance of study: It is expected that this study will contribute to the implementation of appropriate measures to improve nurses’ working experience at the Maputo Central Hospital, meantime, encouraging their retention. / World Health Organization

Magister Legum - LLM / The right to property is a human right guaranteed to all, including women, under various international legal instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights as well as the Maputo Protocol. The right to property is further guaranteed under various Constitutions. However, despite the guarantee to the right to property, many women in Africa are deprived of their property rights.

Brucellosis is a constraint to livestock production in Moçambique. Reproductive failure due to brucellosis has been reported in the country and abortions occur in cattle, sheep and goats on many of the farms in Maputo Province of Moçambique. Brucellosis is an infectious disease affecting mainly sexually mature animals and is caused by organisms of the genus Brucella. Brucella abortus is the species that mainly affects cattle throughout the world, while Brucella melitensis affects mainly goats and sheep. Control of bovine brucellosis using B. abortus S19 vaccine was undertaken before the civil war in Moçambique which started in 1978 and ended in 1992. During this period the vaccination status of animals was not known. The diagnosis of brucellosis is mainly based on serological surveys and conflicting results obtained previously emphasized the need for additional studies. The aims of this research were to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in cattle, goats and sheep due to B. abortus and B. melitensis in five districts of Maputo Province based on serology, and to assess the relationship between abortions and reproductive failure occurring in the study area by isolation of Brucella organisms or nucleic acid detection. A total of 971 adult beef and dairy cattle, 752 goats and 260 sheep from the study area were tested for Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal test (RBT), indirect ELISA and complement fixation test (CFT). Milk from 85 dairy cows and tissue samples from 32 cows and bulls from Gaza and Inhambane provinces slaughtered in Maputo municipal abattoir and Machava abattoir, and an aborted foetus were also examined. All serological test results for small stock were negative. An overall apparent prevalence of 14.0% (n=971) was found in beef and dairy cattle in the study area based on a 95% confidence interval. The highest prevalence was observed in Manhiça District (27.4% (n=180)) with a significant difference compared to other districts (p<0.05). The lowest prevalence was observed in Magude District (7.1% (n=241)). The prevalence in the remaining districts were 14.5% (n=138) in Matutuine, 8.7% (n=173) in Moamba and 14.6% (n=239) in Boane. Apparent prevalences of 15.5% (n=161) in small, 14.0% (n=578) in medium and 12.9% (n=232) in large livestock production sectors where found in the study area with no significant differences (p>0.05) between them. B. abortus was isolated from the spleen of an aborted foetus. A PCR amplification product of 600bp was generated from this isolate 584/05 and from the organs of five slaughtered cows using primers ISP1 and ISP2 for Brucella genus-specific sequences. The isolate 584/05 was confirmed as a B. abortus field strain when fragments of 498bp and 178bp were generated using a PCR assay for differentiation of B. abortus field strains and vaccine strains 19 and RB51. A correlation was made between the 584/05 isolate and serum from the cow that aborted. The results confirmed that the isolate was not a vaccine strain. The results from this study will supplement existing epidemiological data and aid brucellosis control programmes in Moçambique. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Veterinary Tropical Diseases / unrestricted